Abstract: A high-density electronic package module is disclosed which comprises a stack of semiconductor chips having integrated circuitry on each chip. To permit the emplacement of thin film circuitry on the access ends, each access plane is etched to cut back the semiconductor material then covered with passivation material, and thereafter lapped to uncover the ends of electrical leads on the chips.

Abstract: An improvement to a laser ceilometer and like instruments comprises a laser diode array which includes a plurality of laser diodes, and an array driver driving the laser diode array in accordance with commands from a microprocessor. The laser diodes are GaAs diodes. By utilizing the improvement, service life and reliability of the ceilometer are both increased.

Abstract: An improved automatic rangefinder device of the type having means for projecting a beam of light to illuminate a spot on a distant object, and an image sensor for viewing the object and determining the distance thereto by the observed position of the illuminated spot is disclosed. The rangefinder includes improved means for forming the beam of light comprising an elongated light source and projection optics for forming a real image of the light source, thereby defining an elongated beam region in space corresponding to the image of the light source, extending generally away from the rangefinder, whereby an object located in said beam region will be illuminated by a spot of light having an in-focus component. The image sensor detects the position of the in-focus component of the light. The rangefinder device includes imaging optics for imaging the spot on the image sensor.

Abstract: An automatic range finder for measuring the distance to an object on the basis of the triangulation principle, including a light-emitting diode (16) for projecting the emitted light toward an object whose distance is to be measured, and a plurality of light-receiving elements (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) being so arranged on a base plate (12) that either one of them can receive the reflected light from the object. The light-emitting diode (16) is electrically connected with planar, electrically conductive frames (20), (22) and is so molded by use of transparent material (26) as to be formed unitarily with the electrically conductive frames. The light-emitting diode (16) thus formed into one unit is mounted on the base plate through the electrically conductive frame.

Abstract: An instrument for quantitative analysis using a matrix of radiation emitting diodes has means for assuring that a sample receives substantially uniform radiation from each diode. In the preferred embodiment a lens is used to direct the radiation beams to a focal plane where there is a matte surface diffuser backed with an aperture to provide relatively uniform radiant energy field through the aperture to a sample chamber. With this arrangement the same energy distribution contacts the test samples from each of the radiation sources.

Abstract: A crossed light beam position indicator includes orthogonal arrays of paired light emitters and detectors for covering a display surface with crossed light beams and scanning means coupled to the emitters and detectors for electronically scanning the orthogonal arrays such that a single emitter at any one time is emitting light. Improved initialization means detect the first occurrence of an interrupted light beam and in response to the first detection, reset the scanning means to the initial reset position to thus avoid transmitting an address that might represent only the edge of an object placed in proximity to the display screen and caught by the scan only after the scan had passed the position occupied by the main body of the object.

Abstract: In an LED light source device for a pulse encoder, a plurality of LEDs are divided into a plurality of groups and each of said groups is included in one of the branches connected across the power source. At least one dummy LED or dummy diode is connected in series with the LED in a predetermined one of said branches, so that the voltage drop characteristics of said branches are equalized.

Abstract: A device for determining the position of a laser reflecting target with respect to a line of sight during shooting simulation is disclosed. Laser transmitting and/or receiving assemblies constructed from a plurality of opto-electronic elements for emitting or detecting laser light, respectively, are used to divide the field of view into a plurality of space angle sectors. Each of the opto-electronic elements have an active region for emitting or receiving laser light. Each region's area is smaller than the corresponding total cross-sectional area of the element. Each active region is coupled to an optical assembly by a light conductor. Each conductor has a cross-sectional area greater than the area of the active region to which it is connected, but is smaller than the element's total cross-sectional area. The unconnected ends of the light conductors for each assembly are placed together to form a gap-less arrangement in an image plane of the optical assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing the optical output of light-emitting devices in the presence of ambient light, with means for compensating for said ambient light, is described. The d.c. and periodic components of the ambient light are measured and stored during a time when the apparatus is not being subjected to radiation from the device under test (DUT). When radiation from the DUT is received, the resulting signal is processed with the stored ambient light intensity data, and an output proportional to the intensity of the radiation from the DUT and compensated for the ambient light is provided.

Abstract: A document card reader including a row of light sources transmitting light through a corresponding series of column-like cavities within a pair of members between which a document card with punched openings therethrough may move and a convex lens placed so as to receive light transmitted through the document card openings and transmit the light from all of the openings to a photodetector positioned at substantially the focal point of the lens.

Abstract: A photoelectric sensor includes a photodetector, a lens, and a light source all mounted within a framework for holding the lens with the photodetector and light source located on the central axis of the lens. The photodetector is positioned on the rear side of the lens within the framework at approximately the lens focal point. The light source is positioned to emit light away from the front side of the lens. Structure in the form of an opaque collar is provided for mounting the light source relative to the lens to prevent impingement of spurious light from the light source upon the lens. An object positioned in front of the lens intercepts the emitted light from the light source and reflects it back toward the lens, whereupon it is directed to the photodetector. A signal indicative of the presence of the object is provided by the photodetector responsive to the reflected light.

Abstract: An adaptive imaging system is described incorporating: a two-dimensional electro-optical detector array with as many as one hundred million detectors; a time-sharing multiplexer which samples each preamplified detector signal; an A/D converter and digital filter; and a computer which generates adaptive control signals to the rest of the system according to criteria observed and recognized by the system. Coupling conductors between detectors and their respective amplifiers are three-dimensionally packaged on multilayered modules. An algorithm, incorporating coincidence logic, for directing and controlling the data processing of the system is described.

Abstract: A system for controlling the relative phasing of a plurality of transmitting subapertures such that the energy transmitted therethrough is in phase at a distant location. In accordance with the invention, the transmitting subapertures are sequentially controlled so as to apply phase perturbations to different orthogonal spatial sets thereof; and in response to received reflected energy the relative size of the phase error is computed for each set and compensating phase offsets are provided.

Abstract: A character board carrying a number of characters is placed in face-to-face relationship with a light source matrix comprising light sources of the same number as that of the characters so that one character may be illuminated by one light source. Each character is divided into a predetermined number of sections or dots. A photodetector matrix comprising photodetectors of the same number as that of the sections into which the character is divided is provided in connection with the character board. Optical fibers of the same number as that of the sections are provided for each character to transmit the light passing through the character to the photodetectors of the photodetector matrix. The corresponding sections of the respective characters are connected with the same photodetector by means of optical fibers so that every photodetector may receive signals from the sections in the same position of the different characters.

Abstract: A two-dimensional matrix of semiconductors is arranged in ordered array as a flat, light emitting and light sensing device for input and read-out of information from a computer. A penlight is used to activate the light sensing semiconductors to achieve a graphical input. Operation of the device can be either incremental or random.