Abstract: Viscoelastic compositions are disclosed herein containing an effective amount of one or more random or structurally defined polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds for controlling the viscoelasticity of the composition. In at least one aspect, the present technology provides polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds comprising bis-quaternary compounds. In another aspect, the present technology provides viscoelastic compositions that comprise polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds comprising bis-quaternary compounds. Preferred viscoelastic compositions of the present technology maintain viscoelasticity at a temperature greater than about 80° C., preferably greater than about 100° C. or about 110° C. when the amount of the one or polycationic quaternary compounds is less than about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: Methods and compositions utilizing aluminum, magnesium, and calcium-based additives for the treatment and neutralization of wastewater are described for removing contaminants from wastewater, including reducing phosphorous-containing compounds, total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), fats, oils, and greases (FOG), and total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN) are described. Methods and compositions to control pH, sulfur and sodium loads present in wastewater and precipitatable solids are described. Concentrations of aluminum, magnesium, and calcium-based additives are maintained at mass action concentrations to the wastewater component levels present in the wastewater and bracketed approximately +/?0.5 pH units about the pK value of the soluble, buffering species.

Abstract: Viscoelastic compositions are disclosed herein containing an effective amount of one or more random or structurally defined polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds for controlling the viscoelasticity of the composition. In one aspect, the present technology provides polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds that comprise bis-quaternary compound. The bis-quaternary compounds of the present technology can be symmetric or dissymmetric. In another aspect, the present technology provides viscoelastic well bore treatment fluids comprising water, and at least one polycationic quaternary ammonium compound that comprises a bis-quaternary compound. In another aspect, the present technology provides polycationic carboxylates. Preferred viscoelastic compositions of the present technology maintain viscoelasticity at a temperature greater than about 80° C., preferably greater than about 100° C. or 110° C.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a device for generating aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions when the device is contacted with liquid water. The device comprises an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chlorite, e.g., sodium chlorite, and a chemical reagent comprising an acid or a material capable of releasing an acid upon exposure to liquid water, e.g., sodium bisulfate. The chlorite and the reagent are either combined as a mixture or are disposed as separate components adhered to the surface of one or more substrates. Upon exposure to liquid water, the chlorite and the reagent produce boundary layers. The chlorite and the reagent are disposed upon, and adhered to, the surface(s) of the substrates in a manner such that upon exposure to liquid water, the chlorite boundary layer comes into contact with the reagent boundary layer to thereby produce an aqueous chlorine dioxide solution.

Abstract: Processes for forming ferric chloride solutions that are stable at relatively low temperatures and suitable for transportation without precipitation are provided. The stable ferric chloride solutions have an iron content of about 16 to about 23 weight percent and a hydrochloric acid content of about 11 to about 17 weight percent, wherein the ferric chloride solution is a stable solution and/or reversibly freezes at ?10° C. Also disclosed are processes for reconstituting the stable ferric chlorides solutions to provide a final iron content of 10 to 14 weight percent and lower the concentration of hydrochloric acid contained therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alkali aqueous flocculating agent based on an alkali aqueous salt clay extract containing dissolved silicate and aluminate, in addition to alkali chloride whereby for an aluminate (1) content by weight expressed as Al(OH)3, 1.) approximately 2 to 3 parts by weight of silicate expressed as SiO2 are provided and 2) at least approximately (10) parts by weight, especially at least (20) parts by weight of alkali chloride are provided, in addition to a flocculating and a sedimentation agent in the form of an acidic and alkali-extracted salt clay. The invention further relates to a method for the production of said flocculating and sedimentation agents which can be used advantageously in swimming baths, for the treatment of drinking water, industrial water, grey water and waste water in sewage treatment plants as auxiliary agents for absorption, sedimentation and filtration.

Abstract: Solid water treatment compositions are provided comprising (a) a halogen-containing source; (b) a boron-containing source; and (c) a polyphosphate-containing source. Methods for their use are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is related to methods, apparatuses, and compositions for controlling water hardness. The methods, apparatuses and compositions also reduce scale formation. The present invention includes substantially water insoluble resin materials. The resin materials may be loaded with a plurality of cations.

Abstract: A composition of ingredients and application process that enables the removal of contaminants from water or wastewaters, the composition when added and mixed with water(s) sequences to coagulate, flocculates and ion exchange with the composite materials. The application process is the addition of the composite material to water or wastewater where the contaminated materials are removed from the water(s) and contained in a solid material for disposal. The application is for clarification of potable waters for solids, clarification and settling aid for municipal wastewater waters, and contaminant and solids removal from industrial wastewaters.

Abstract: A method for reducing the halogen off-gassing rate in a solid water treatment halogen-containing composition is provided comprising forming a solid water treatment halogen-containing composition comprising (a) a halogen containing source; (b) a boron-containing source and (c) a polyphosphate-containing source.

Abstract: Viscoelastic compositions are disclosed herein containing an effective amount of one or more random or structurally defined polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds for controlling the viscoelasticity of the composition. In at least one aspect, the present technology provides polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds comprising dissymmetric bis-quaternary compounds. In another aspect, the present technology provides viscoelastic compositions comprising polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds that comprise dissymmetric bis-quaternary compounds. In yet another aspect, the present technology provides polycationic quaternary ammonium compounds comprising a carboxylate functional polycationic quaternary ammonium compound. Preferred viscoelastic compositions of the present technology maintain viscoelasticity at a temperature greater than about 80° C., preferably greater than about 100° C. or about 110° C.

Abstract: A reducing water purification material having a reducing iron-based precipitate selected from green rust, iron ferrite, reducing iron hydroxide, and a mixture thereof. A wastewater treatment process having steps of adding a reducing iron compound to wastewater, leading the wastewater to which the reducing iron compound is added to a reaction tank and forming a precipitate, separating the formed precipitate by a solid-liquid separation to obtain a sludge, and alkalinizing all or a portion of the separated sludge to form an alkaline sludge followed by returning to the reaction tank, wherein in the precipitation step, the wastewater to which the reducing iron compound is added and the alkaline sludge are mixed and are allowed to react in a non-oxidizing atmosphere under alkaline condition to form a reducing iron compound precipitate as the precipitate, thereby incorporating contaminants in the precipitate to remove the contaminants from the wastewater.

Abstract: A powder formulation containing biodegradable organic compounds which will not bioaccumulate or pollute, allow for the safe and effective room temperature elimination of scale from freshwater and seawater flushed toilets and sanitary waste systems. The formulation mixes readily with water and removes only scales and deposits, not the underlying materials of construction. The formulation is non-toxic, non-caustic, non-flammable, and contains no mineral acids.

Abstract: Novel water softening compositions and methods of treating hard water are provided. The compositions comprise a blend of sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The compositions are useful for regenerating ion exchange material in a water softening system and providing softened water containing both sodium and potassium ions.

Abstract: Modified polysaccharide polymers for use as anti-scalant and dispersant. The polymers are useful in compositions used in aqueous systems. The modified polysaccharides are also useful in detergent formulations, water treatment, dispersants and oilfield applications and as fiberglass binders. Such applications include a modified polysaccharide having up to about 70 mole % carboxyl groups per mole of polysaccharide ASU and up to about 20 mole % aldehyde groups per mole of polysaccharide ASU. The applications can also include a blend of modified polysaccharides and other synthetic polymers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a combination of a polymeric chelant and coagulant to treat metal containing wastewater. More particularly, the invention is directed at removing copper from CMP wastewater. The composition includes a combination of (a) a polymeric chelant derived from a polyamine selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetraamine (TETA), tertraethylenepentaamine (TEPA), poly[vinylamine], and branched or linear poly[ethylenimine] (PEI); and (b) a water soluble or dispersible copolymer of a tannin and a cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate quaternary salt of dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of softening water and/or in which the deposition of hard water scale is inhibited. The invention relates in particular to such a method carried out in a domestic environment, in particular in ware-washing machines. In particular the method relates to the softening of water after the main wash of a ware-washing machine, in particular in the rinse cycle of a ware-washing machine. The invention also relates to water-softening compositions for such methods.

Abstract: Arsenic is removed from water and other aqueous feeds by (1) treating the feed with a compound containing cerium in the +4 oxidation state, preferably cerium dioxide, to oxidize arsenic in the +3 oxidation state to arsenic in the +5 oxidation state and (2) removing the arsenic in the +5 oxidation state from the aqueous phase, normally by contacting the treated feed with alumina or other precipitating agent containing cations in the +3 oxidation state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compacted solid product for water purification comprising:—at least a first layer comprising at least a coagulant/flocculant system comprising at least one polyvalent inorganic salt, at least one water-soluble cationic polymer and at least one high-molecular-weight anionic polymer,—at least a second layer comprising at least one disinfectant that releases active chlorine on contact with water, characterized in that said coagulant/flocculant system moreover comprises a sodium alginate. The invention also relates to the method for preparing such a product.

Abstract: Hydrophobically modified polymers for use as anti-scalant and dispersant. The polymers are useful in compositions used in aqueous systems. The polymers include at least one hydrophilic acid monomer, wherein the at least one hydrophilic acid monomer is a polymerizable carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid functionality but not both. The polymers also include at least one hydrophobic moiety. A solvent-free process for preparing these polymers is also provided.

Abstract: A method of conditioning a tubular clay material to enable its loading with an active, the method comprising the step of exposing the tubular clay material to a chemical agent in a manner such that the agent sorbs to a surface of the clay material that is internal of the tube, the chemical agent being selected such that, when the agent is sorbed to the clay material internal surface, the affinity of the tubular clay material for the active is altered.

Abstract: The present technology provides systems and methods for treating a fluid by contacting a compound to the fluid. The compound comprises an azodicarbonamide or an azodicarbonamide derivative, wherein the treatment reduces the amount of hydrogen sulphide, iron sulphide and/or mercaptan in the fluid. Certain embodiments of the present technology provide a composition comprising an azodicarbonamide or an azodicarbonamide derivative and a support and/or a suspension agent.

Abstract: A controlled release additive composition for use in aqueous coolant systems is disclosed and comprises a core containing at least one additive component and a polymeric coating including one or more defined polymers substantially surrounding the core. The controlled released additive composition slowly releases the additive component into the aqueous coolant of an open, circulating cooling water system, thereby delivering an effective concentration level of the additive component over an extended period.

Abstract: Solid water treatment compositions are provided comprising (a) a halogen-containing source; (b) a boron-containing source; and (c) a polyphosphate-containing source. Methods for their use are also provided.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a method of regenerating an ion exchange medium having a bacterial population, comprising dissolving a salt formulation in water to create a brine and passing the brine through the ion exchange medium during a regenerating cycle, wherein the salt formulation comprises a food-grade acid, at least about 100 ppm of a food-grade surfactant, and at least about 90 wt. % of an inorganic, water-soluble salt of sodium, potassium, or sodium and potassium and wherein the acid and the surfactant are present in the brine in an amount efficacious to kill at least about 65% of gram negative bacteria in the bacterial population as a result of the regenerating cycle.

Abstract: A formula and method for reducing water hardness includes the combination of a sulfate donor, salt of phosphoric acid, and salt of sulfamic acid. Preferred formulas include effective amounts of sodium bisulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sulfamic acid. In a swimming pool, preferred formulas are effective in reducing calcium to under 200 ppm within a two day period. In addition, preferred formulas provide ongoing effectiveness in suppressing scaling, staining and cloudy water.

Abstract: A flocculant including, as a principal component, unit particles obtained by breaking down aggregates of mineral particles in a mineral raw material principally comprising fine particles of a hydrous aluminum silicate including soils or weathering products of rocks including volcanic eruptives

Abstract: Treatment blends for removing metals from wastewater, method of producing and process of using the same. Treatment of industrial wastewater streams relate to the use of a pretreatment blend and a treatment blend, which remove heavy metals in industrial processes. The aqueous pretreatment blend comprises: 1) ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2) aluminum sulfate, 3) 85% phosphoric acid, and 4) coagulant. The aqueous treatment blend, which can be used in conjunction with or independent of the pretreatment blend comprises: 1) calcium hydroxide, 2) trimercapto-s-triazine 3) calcium hypochlorite, 4) sodium hydroxide, and 5) coagulant.

Abstract: A liquid additive product includes at least one acid, intended, in combination with the water contained in a toilet flush cistern of a WC, to constitute an agent for treating polluting elements contained in the cistern, characterized in that the viscosity of the additive product is less than 500 mPa·s; wherein this acid is an organic acid, the concentration of which is at least equal to 30% by weight. A treating agent consisting of the additive product and the water contained in the cistern; wherein the concentration of this additive product, in the water of the cistern, is between 100 ppm and ppm, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A dendrimer complex comprising a dendrimer and an antimicrobial agent with the dendrimer complex placeable directly into a fluid to inhibit growth of microbes or rid the fluid of microbes. In a further embodiment of the invention the dendrimer complex is secured to a carrier, which is placed in a body of fluid and allowed to dispense the antimicrobial agent into the fluid. Once the antimicrobial agent is dispensed, the dendrimer complex can be removed and recycled to add functional groups to the dendrimer so that the dendrimer can be reused.

Abstract: A solid form of an inorganic peroxide product and associated process for the treatment, remediation, etc. of natural, man-made, industrial, municipal, etc., water bodies such as ponds, streams, lakes, canals, paddies, tanks, lagoons, pools, pipelines, etc, especially those that are contaminated, as well as in situ and ex situ treatment of sediment and soil.

Abstract: A method for removing a metal from a metal-containing solution comprising contacting the metal-containing solution with a metal-removing composition comprising a substrate, an organic ion, and a metal binding agent, and recovering a solution having a lowered metal concentration when compared to the metal-containing solution.

Abstract: A new, novel and useful disinfection and purification system comprised of organic compounds in synergistic action with selected metal ions and method of manufacture and use. One of the benefits that is derived from this system is the ability to quickly and easily treat a surface, fluid or medium for disinfection of bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae and protozoans, with a non-toxic, non-chlorinated mixture that effectively kills all such organisms in minutes or hours. The disinfection and purification system remains effective for long periods of time maintaining its disinfection capacity making it highly effective for stored or transported mediums such as potable drinking water. The disinfection and purification system may be incorporated with carbon block or membrane filters to disinfect filtered liquids such as water to render it potable.

Abstract: The use of a coupling agent containing a mercapto, disulfide, tretrasulfide and/or polysulfide end group provides a mercury removal media having increased reactivity, stability, and mercury removal ability. The mercury removal media described herein is prepared by reacting an organophilic clay containing onium ions with a mercapto, disulfide, tetrasulfide, and/or polysulfide end moiety. Alternatively, the clay can be made organophilic by onium ion reaction prior to or simultaneously with the coupling reaction of the mercapto- or sulfide- end group-containing coupling agent.

Abstract: The use of two mercury and arsenic removal media: A) a sulfur-impregnated organoclay; and B) a coupling agent-reacted organoclay, wherein the coupling agent preferably contains a mercapto, disulfide, tretrasulfide and/or polysulfide end group provides mercury removal media having increased reactivity, stability, and synergistic mercury removal ability. The preferred mercury removal media described herein is prepared by reacting an organophilic clay containing onium ions A) with elemental sulfur; and B) with a sulfur-containing coupling agent, preferably containing a mercapto, disulfide, tetrasulfide, and/or polysulfide moiety.

Abstract: Contaminants, such as volatile organic compounds, are removed from an environmental medium, such as contaminated soil, rock, groundwater, waste water and the like, by treatment with a combination of a persulfate, such as a sodium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A depolymerized-carboxyalkyl polysaccharide formed by de polymerizing a polysaccharide having from 0.5 to 3.0 degrees of substitution and reducing the molecular weight of said polysaccharide before or after said depolymerizing provides a biodegradable scale inhibitor useful to prevent deposition of scale comprising, for example, calcium, barium, sulfate and salts thereof. The depolymerized carboxyalkyl polysaccharide is particularly useful in off shore oil production squeeze treatments and in the treatment of scale formed in industrial water treatment.

Abstract: A method of removing arsenic and heavy metals from water using metal salt hydroxidegels is provided. The arsenic present in water is adsorbed onto the hydroxide-gels which can effectively be filtered through a diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration bed. The combination of DE mixed hydroxide-gels is also effective in removing arsenic from water and heavy metals from water.

Abstract: An improved method and compositions for treating organic compounds present in soil, groundwater and other environments is disclosed. The method involves the use of a composition comprising a solid state, water soluble peroxygen compound and zero valent iron.

Abstract: A product and apparatus for cleaning water or industrial and sewage waste water includes a mixture of diatomite that is heated and stirred to impart an enhanced negative electrical charge to the diatomite. A mixture of approximately 50% aluminium chloride (AlCl3) by volume is blended to provide a powder mixture for use as a flocculant in the system. According to a modification, the charged diatomite is instead blended with a mixture of approximately 50% ferric chloride (FeCl3) by volume and is stored in liquid form for later use as a flocculant in the system. From one to five percent, by volume, of polyacrylamide is preferably added to the mixture for use in sewage waste water treatment applications. An efficient system for reacting either the mixture or separately adding the diatomite and the metallic chloride to the water is described.

Abstract: Several products and processes for preventing the occurrence of rust stains resulting from irrigation systems using water having iron ions, such as well water, and for cleaning off rust stains resulting from the use of said irrigation systems are disclosed. In one embodiment, ammonium sulfate is mixed with well water and then this mixture is mixed with incoming well water being sprayed on the surfaces. In another embodiment, ammonium bisulfate is used for the removal of rust stains. Then ammonium sulfate is mixed with the incoming well water being sprayed in the next cycle, to prevent rust formation.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for wastewater treatment. The compositions comprise CaCO3, MgCO3, lanthanum chloride, or chitosan, and can be applied easily with conventional wastewater treatment processes and equipments. The methods and compositions of the present invention significantly improve treatment efficiency and reduce amount of required chemical additives.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alkali aqueous flocculating agent based on an alkali aqueous salt clay extract containing dissolved silicate and aluminate, in addition to alkali chloride whereby for an aluminate (1) content by weight expressed as Al(OH)3, 1.) approximately 2 to 3 parts by weight of silicate expressed as SiO2 are provided and 2) at least approximately (10) parts by weight, especially at least (20) parts by weight of alkali chloride are provided, in addition to a flocculating and a sedimentation agent in the form of an acidic and alkali-extracted salt clay. The invention further relates to a method for the production of said flocculating and sedimentation agents which can be used advantageously in swimming baths, for the treatment of drinking water, industrial water, grey water and waste water in sewage treatment plants as auxiliary agents for absorption, sedimentation and filtration.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to novel water treatment compositions. More particularly, the invention relates to solid water treatment compositions in the form of a water soluble tablet containing at least one halogen source and at least a pH compensating source in a layered tablet in which each of layer is configured to be simultaneously exposed to the water being treated and wherein one layer comprises the halogen source and another layer comprises a pH compensating source. Methods for controlling water biofouling and disinfecting water systems, particularly swimming pools and spas, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a peroxosilicated, optionally phosphatized, disinfecting compound with scale preventive effect obtained by reacting an alkaline or alkaline-earth metasilicate with an active oxygen-releasing compound, for example potassium monopersulphate and/or oxygen peroxide, in inert medium. The compound can be stabilized with sodium hexametaphosphate. Copper and aluminium in salt form can be encapsulated or complexed with the metasilicate so that the resulting peroxosilicated compound can be used for its disinfecting, scale preventive, anticorrosive, flocculating and algicidal properties for more than three weeks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions that are suitable for removing or reducing residue from a vapor compression air conditioning or refrigeration system consisting essentially of 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane and polyol ester, and methods of using the composition.

Abstract: Compositions and method of improving inhibition of calcium salt scale formation under the conditions found in chemical pulp processes in which an effective amount of selected phosphonates or phosphonate blends is admixed with the black liquor composition recovered from the digester in a chemical pulping process. The compositions and method are especially well suited for use in the Kraft pulping process.

Abstract: Anti-filming compositions and methods are provided. More particularly, compositions and methods for inhibiting film formation on surfaces, especially hard surfaces such as dishware, tableware and glassware, and soft surfaces such as fabrics and textiles are provided.

Abstract: “Disclosed is a feed water composition for boilers whose main ingredient is a purified ethylene glycol aqueous solution that is a mixture of purified ethylene glycol and pure water in a weight ratio of 70-90 : 10-30 wt %. The feed water composition comprises 92.1 to 98.8 wt % of the purified ethylene glycol aqueous solution, 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of sodium benrzoate, 0.1 to 1.5 wt % of tolyltriazole, 0.1 to 0.7 wt % of triethanol amine, 0.5 to 1.5 wt % of sodium nitrate, 0.3 to 1.2 wt % of sodium molybdate, and 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of potassium hydroxide.

Abstract: Compositions and method for improving properties of pulp produced or reducing the digester cycle time in alkaline chemical pulping processes in which an effective amount of at least one selected phosphonate or carboxylate compound or mixtures thereof is admixed with the alkaline aqueous mixture in the digester of the chemical pulping process. The compositions and method are especially well suited for use in the Kraft pulping process.