Abstract: CNT encapsulated carbon nanofibers (CNFs @ CNTs) having a one-dimensional structure are provided by selective assembling CNFs inside the channel of CNTs via impregnation of catalyst inside CNTs and subsequent chemical vapour deposition of hydrocarbon. The new structure is used as material for energy storage.

Abstract: This invention relates to adsorbents useful for storing hydrogen and other small molecules, and to methods for preparing such adsorbents. The adsorbents are produced by heating carbonaceous materials to a temperature of at least 900° C. in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

Abstract: Solid-state hydrogen fuel with a polymer matrix and fabrication methods thereof are presented. The solid-state hydrogen fuel includes a polymer matrix, and a crushed mixture of a solid chemical hydride and a solid-state catalyst uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The fabrication method for the solid-state hydrogen fuel includes crushing and mixing a solid chemical hydride and a solid-state catalyst in a crushing/mixing machine, and adding the polymer matrix into the mixture of the solid chemical hydride and the solid-state catalyst to process a flexible solid-state hydrogen fuel. Moreover, various geometric and/or other shapes may be formed and placed into suitable vessels to react with a particular liquid and provide a steady rate of hydrogen release.

Abstract: In contrast, the alkaline compound included in the composition of the Document D1 is strong alkali, such as sodium hydroxide. Therefore, the oxide of an alkaline earth metal used in the amended invention is not disclosed or suggested in the D1 at all. In addition, the composition of D1 is an oxygen scavenger and it includes compound which enhance the reaction of oxygen with hydrogen, such as catalyst. Therefore, its hydrogen generating ability is lower than that of the claimed invention.

Abstract: An energy supply system which includes an energy generation part, a hydrogen supply part (2), and a treatment part (5). The energy generation part is supplied with hydrogen and oxygen and generates energies. The hydrogen supply part (2) generates hydrogen through the reaction of water (23) contained in the gas discharged from the energy generation part with a hydrogen-generating substance (21) disposed in an inner part of the supply part (2). The hydrogen-generating substance (21) comprises magnesium. In the treatment part (5), the hydroxide compound (22) resulting from the reaction of the water (23) with the hydrogen-generating substance (21) is supplied to a gas and carbon dioxide contained in the gas is reacted with the hydroxide compound (22) to obtain a carbonate compound (24) and water as a reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for the decomposition of formic acid including a dinuclear metal complex represented by a formula (1) below, a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or any of their salts, where M1 and M2 are transition metals and may be the same or different; Ar is a ligand having aromaticity and may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents; R1 to R27 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, or R15 and R16 may together form a —CH?CH—, where Hs in the —CH?CH— may be each independently replaced by an alkyl group or the like, and R23 and R24 may together form a —CH?CH—, where Hs in the —CH?CH— may be each independently replaced by an alkyl group or the like; L is an arbitrary ligand or is absent; and m is a positive integer, 0, or a negative integer.

Abstract: A crystalline AlH3 is ball-milled in a hydrogen atmosphere while applying a force of 10 G to 30 G (in which G is gravitational acceleration). The milling time is more than 10 minutes and less than 60 minutes. The hydrogen storage material thus produced has a structure containing a plurality of matrix phases and a grain boundary phase disposed between the matrix phases. The matrix phases comprise Al and have a side length of 1 to 200 nm, and the grain boundary phase comprises an amorphous phase and contains hydrogen in the state of a solid solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating hydrogen gas using a composition for generating hydrogen gas, which generates hydrogen gas (H2) from water (H2O) through spontaneous thermochemical reaction without supplying electricity using a composition for generating hydrogen gas which generates the hydrogen gas by spontaneous oxidation with water at room temperature.

Abstract: A container (22) includes a shell (24) made from a polymer, for example PET, and incorporating a catalyst, for example a palladium catalyst. A closure (40) incorporates a plug which includes a source of hydrogen, for example a hydride. In use, with container (22) including a beverage and closure (40) in position, the headspace in the container will be saturated with water vapor. This vapor contacts the hydride associated with plug (42) and as a result the hydride produces molecular hydrogen which migrates into the polymer matrix of shell (24) and combines with oxygen which may have entered the container through its permeable walls. A reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen takes place, catalysed by the catalyst, and water is produced. Thus, oxygen which may ingress the container is scavenged and the contents of the container are protected from oxidation.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing hydrogen spillover and storage are disclosed. One embodiment of the method includes doping a hydrogen receptor with metal particles, and exposing the hydrogen receptor to ultrasonification as doping occurs. Another embodiment of the method includes doping a hydrogen receptor with metal particles, and exposing the doped hydrogen receptor to a plasma treatment.

Abstract: Chromium-free catalyst for the low-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, which comprises a mixed oxide comprising at least copper oxide, zinc oxide and aluminum oxide, with the catalyst precursor being present essentially as hydrotalcite and the copper oxide content being not more than 20% by weight.

Abstract: A stabilized aqueous mixture containing at least one borohydride compound and at least one metal hydroxide compound. The mixture has improved stability with regard to decomposition of borohydride, especially at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A process for the reversible storage of hydrogen, comprising bringing an alloy of alkaline metal and silicon into contact with gaseous hydrogen leading to the formation of the hydride or corresponding hydrides, comprises the use of at least one balanced system that corresponds to the formula: MXMSiMXMSiHn where M is selected from among Li, Na, or K and in which atomic ratios XM take on the following values: XLi=1 1?XNa?3 1?XK?2 n is the number of hydrogen atoms corresponding to the stoichiometry of the hydride or formed hydrides. or to the formula MSiXSiMSiXSiH2XSi+1 where M is selected from among Li, Na, or K and in which the atomic ratio XSi=Si/M takes on a value of 1 to 4.

Abstract: New methods and compositions are disclosed that minimize foaming in hydrogen-releasing materials. Foaming can be minimized during release of hydrogen in composites that include structured forms such as wafers and discs. Change tolerances of from 0% to 25% in solid products described show promise for next-generation fuel elements and devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite material storing hydrogen. Said composite material can alternate, in an essentially reversible manner, between a storage state and a non-storage state and optionally at least on intermediate state. In the storage state thereof, the system comprises the following constituents: (a) at least one first hydride constituent and (b) at least one second constituent that is at least one hydrogen-free constituent and/or one other hydride constituent. The at least one first hydride constituent and the at least one second constituent are in a first solid multiphase system, and during the changeover to the non-storage state of the system, the at least one first hydride constituent reacts with the at least one second constituent, forming H2, in such a way that, in the non-storage state, at least one other hydrogen-free compound and/or alloy is formed and another solid multiphase system is created.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon and magnesium including composites, includes: a) contacting a carbon material including pores of which at least 30%, based on the total number of pores, have a pore diameter in the range 0.1 to 10×10?9 m with a molten metallic magnesium or magnesium alloy to obtain a intermediate composite; and b) cooling the intermediate composite to obtain a carbon and magnesium including composite. Also described is a carbon and magnesium including composite obtainable by the process of the invention, the use of a carbon and magnesium including composite obtainable by the process and a hydrogen storage system.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed for storing and releasing hydrogen and methods for preparing and using same. These hydrogen storage and releasing materials exhibit fast release rates at low release temperatures without unwanted side reactions, thus preserving desired levels of purity and enabling applications in combustion and fuel cell applications.

Abstract: A source of hydrogen is a glass or glass-ceramic shell and a gas comprising at least 80% by volume of hydrogen. The glass shell has an initial permeability to hydrogen gas of less than about 50% decrease in pressure in 30 days and a final permeability to hydrogen of about 50% decrease in pressure in a few minutes or less, upon exposure of the glass to a continuous or pulsed fluence of at least 0.1 W/cm2 of electromagnetic radiation to modulate the microstructure of the glass and to increase the hydrogen gas permeability of the glass network. A method of providing hydrogen gas in the shell and exposing the shell to electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength and fluence that increases permeability of the shell to hydrogen gas so that encapsulated hydrogen gas permeates through the shell.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a hydrogen storage material which decreases the hydrogen release start temperature and the hydrogen release peak temperature, and to provide a method for manufacturing thereof. [Solution] Provided is a hydrogen storage material which contains: a mixture and a reaction product of lithium hydride and magnesium amide, wherein the lithium hydride and the magnesium amide are prepared by combining as the raw materials: one or more substance selected from the group consisting of an amide compound, an imide compound, and a nitride of magnesium, and an amide compound, an imide compound, and a nitride of lithium; and one or more substance selected from the group consisting of an amide compound, an imide compound, a nitride, a hydride, and a metal of magnesium, and an amide compound, an imide compound, a nitride, a hydride, and a metal of lithium, with the raw materials contains both magnesium and lithium metallic species.

Abstract: There is disclosed articles for and methods of confining volatile materials in the void volume defined by crystalline void materials. In one embodiment, the hydrogen isotopes are confined inside carbon nanotubes for storage and the production of energy. There is also disclosed a method of generating various reactions by confining the volatile materials inside the crystalline void structure and releasing the confined volatile material. In this embodiment, the released volatile material may be combined with a different material to initiate or sustain a chemical, thermal, nuclear, electrical, mechanical, or biological reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to solid compounds which generate hydrogen by combustion, and to a method for generating hydrogen based on the combustion of said compounds. Said compounds have a composition which includes at least one inorganic borohydride, selected from alkali borohydrides, alkaline-earth borohydrides and mixtures thereof, and at least one inorganic oxidant. Characteristically, said composition comprises sulfur. Said method is advantageously implemented for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating composition, capable of liberating hydrogen through a sorption mechanism in the presence of vapour or gas of a reagent which comprises a sorbent compound for sorption of the vapour or gas of the reagent and a hydrogen-releasing agent for liberating hydrogen from the reagent retained by the sorbent compound.

Abstract: A process, composition of matter, and apparatus for generating hydrogen are disclosed. The process includes providing an anhydrous hydride, forming a mixture of the hydride with an activating agent, and introducing a liquid reactant to the mixture to produce hydrogen. The mixture includes activating agent in the range of between about 20 to about 80 percent by dry weight.

Abstract: A metal based hydrogen source contains metal such as Al, Zn, Mg that can react with water to produce hydrogen gas, borohydride such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride etc, and hydroxides such as NaOH and KOH etc. The hydrogen generation follows the following processes: First, metal aluminum reacts with water and hydroxide to produce hydrogen gas an heat, at the same time, hydroxide, the stabilizer of sodium borohydride, is consumed; As sodium borohydride is de-stabilized by the consuming of sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas is produced through hydrolysis reaction of borohydride. The hydrolysis reaction can be accelerated by utilizing the heat that comes from aluminum's reaction with water. At the same time, hydroxides are partly or completely eliminated from the byproduct. The hydrogen gas produced may be used for any purpose.

Abstract: Representative embodiments provide for a fuel activation device including a fuel storage chamber configured to store a plurality of fuel pellets arranged as a stack. A fuel dispensing device is configured to transport a fuel pellet to a fuel activation chamber. A spring is configured to advance the fuel pellets toward the fuel dispensing device as one or more fuel pellets are removed from the stack. A fuel initiator is configured to activate a release of hydrogen gas from the transported fuel pellet. The fuel activation device is configured to provide the hydrogen gas to a fuel cell through a gas vent. A method is provided including providing a plurality of fuel pellets arranged as a spring-loaded stack, transporting a fuel pellet from the stack, activating a release of hydrogen gas from the transported fuel pellet, and providing the hydrogen gas to a fuel cell.

Abstract: A composition comprising a carrier liquid; a dispersant; and a chemical hydride. The composition can be used in a hydrogen generator to generate hydrogen for use, e.g., as a fuel. A regenerator recovers elemental metal from byproducts of the hydrogen generation process.

Abstract: A complex aluminum hydride doped with a catalytic material adapted to increase the kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption of the aluminum hydride without reducing the hydrogen storage capacity of the aluminum hydride.

Abstract: The present invention concerns compositions, apparatus and methods for hydrogen storage. In certain embodiments, the compositions comprise sodium alanate and {n5-C5H5}2TiH2. In preferred embodiments, the components of the composition are present in specified molar ratios, for example 0.7 NaH to 1.0 Al to 0.1 Ti. In various embodiments, the hydrocarbon rings coordinating the titanium are removed from the composition, for example by melting at 182° C. or higher or by cyclic discharge and recharge of hydrogen at temperatures of 100° C. or less. Methods for producing and using the claimed compositions are also provided. In various embodiments, the alanate composition may be stored, shipped and used in a modular container, such as a cassette. Exemplary hydrogen utilizing systems and methods for ordering, distribution and shipping of cassettes are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: An aqueous fuel for generating hydrogen includes alkaline aqueous composition of about 17 to 37 mole percent of a sodium borohydride, and from about 0.001 to 1 mole percent of sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: The claims are drawn to a method of detecting seal breakage or incomplete seal formation in a package, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing said package, prior to sealing, with a strip or ring of an indicator comprising an oxygen scavenging composition which includes a source of labile hydrogen or electrons and at least one reducible organic compound, wherein said strip or ring is located on an internal surface adjacent to where a seal is to be formed, (ii) treating the strip or ring with electromagnetic energy so as to reduce the reducible organic compound to a reduced form which is oxidizable by ground state molecular oxygen regardless of the presence of a transition metal catalyst and such that, when oxidized, there is a detectable change in a characteristic of said composition selected from the group consisting of: colour, fluorescence emission and UV-visible, infrared or near-infrared absorption, (iii) subjecting said package to a sealing process intended to seal the package, and (iv) detec

Abstract: Various aspects of the present invention provides a nanocrystalline powder suitable for storing hydrogen and a method of producing such a powder. One embodiment provides a nanocrystalline powder containing crystals of an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of NaAlx, LiAlx, and MgAl2x, wherein x is between 0.9 and 1.1, desirably 0.95-1.05, preferably about 1. The nanocrystalline powder also desirably includes an intercalated catalyst selected from the group consisting of C, Ti, Pt, Pd, V, Zr, and combinations of two or more of those materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid composition which can decompose with the generation of hydrogen according to a self-sustaining combustion reaction after initiation of this reaction by an appropriate heat source, this composition being characterized in that it comprises an alkali metal borohydride or alkaline earth metal borohydride and a perchlorate-based oxidizing salt corresponding to the general formula XClO4 in which X represents the NH4 group, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method generate hydrogen through a controlled chemical reaction between water and a chemical hydride. The invention includes a chemical hydride isolated from water by a water-selective membrane. A fluid containing water is brought into contact with the water-selective membrane. The water diffuses through the water-selective membrane and reacts with the chemical hydride. The water diffuses through the membrane at a predetermined rate based on a water concentration gradient across the water-selective membrane. The water-selective membrane is substantially impermeable to elements and molecules other than water. Hydrogen generated within the chemical hydride is collected and used in various applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and device for creating an environment in a container that is suitable for growing anaerobic bacteria. The device utilizes exothermic chemistry to deplete oxygen and drive the decomposition of a bicarbonate present in the closed system. The decomposition of the bicarbonate results in the release of carbon dioxide. The result of this exothermic reaction and decomposition of the bicarbonate in the closed system results in a suitable oxygen depleted, carbon dioxide enriched atmospheric environment for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. The device is formed of an air permeable package containing a heat generating composition and a bicarbonate. The air-permeable package is contained within an outer wrap that forms an air barrier to the air-permeable package. To activate the heat generating composition, the outer wrap is removed to expose the air-permeable package to the oxygen within the container.

Abstract: A composition for reducing the concentration of molecular oxygen present in an atmosphere or liquid, comprising at least one reducible organic compound which is reduced under predetermined conditions, the reduced form of the compound being oxidizable by molecular oxygen, wherein the reduction and/or subsequent oxidation of the organic compound occurs independent of the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: A composition for reducing the concentration of molecular oxygen present in an atmosphere or liquid, comprising at least one reducible organic compound which is reduced under predetermined conditions, the reduced form of the compound being oxidizable by molecular oxygen, wherein the reduction and/or subsequent oxidation of the organic compound occurs independent of the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of producing hydrogen gas. The method comprises the steps of: providing in a reaction container a composition including respective quantities of particulate elemental magnesium, particulate elemental iron, an additional elemental metal selected from the group consisting of particulate elemental aluminum and particulate elemental zinc at a level of from about 1-10% by weight, an alkali metal salt and water; causing said composition to react in said container to generate hydrogen gas; and recovering said evolved hydrogen gas.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger composition, for use in or with plastics materials, includes a polymer or oligomer having at least one cyclohexene group or functionality. The composition produces only low levels of volatile or extractable (from a plastics material in which it is incorporated) products as a consequence of oxygen scavenging.

Abstract: Methods and products for thermally degrading unwanted substances is provided which involves contacting such substances with a particulate metal composition in the presence of water and an alkali metal salt, and causing sufficient heat to be generated during such contacting to degrade the substance. The particulate metal compositions include respective quantities of particulate iron and magnesium, and optionally quantities of particulate aluminum and zinc. The compositions generate temperatures on the order of 300-550° F. during such thermal degradations, along with quantities of hydrogen gas and water vapor.