Abstract: A method of using a mixture as an amphoteric buffer is disclosed comprising mixing sulfuric acid, magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide, and water to form an amphoteric buffer, and applying the buffer to a spill of an acid or alkali so as to neutralize the spill.

Abstract: Ammonia can be stored and recovered by a process which includes the steps of:

Abstract: Described are aqueous solutions comprising sodium hydroxide and potassium carbonate in a molar ratio of 1:1.7 to 1:0.5, which are useful for preparing alkaline dyeing liquors, especially padding liquors, of fiber-reactive dyes for producing dyeings on cellulosic textile material.

Abstract: A composition having sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and ammonia in the form of ammonium salts is formed by heat treating ammoniacal bicarbonate at a temperature between 20 and 150° C. A method of using the composition includes reacting the composition with a flue gas containing HX acids, where X represents halogens, compounds of the SOx type, or mixtures thereof, or the flue gases may contain NOx compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of mineral acid salts of amines which can be easily handled and pumped in plant and laboratory environments. More particularly, this invention relates to the production of water-free fluid ionic mineral acid salt compositions of fatty acid amine derivatives which are suitable for use as anti-stripping agents in hot asphalt applications.

Abstract: A chemical composition is disclosed herein for performing a neutralization of glutaraldehyde vapors, control of incidental releases, detoxification and disposal of spent or unused aqueous and/or non-aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions, and feasible conversion of the waste glutaraldehyde into a raw compound for the pharmaceutical industry. The composition is consisting essentially of an aliphatic 1,2-diketone, the diacetyl (or biacetyl) for reacting with glutaraldehyde vapors and with glutaraldehyde in aqueous and/or non-aqueous solutions; ammonium hydroxide for cross-linking with diacetyl and glutaraldehyde, and, beta-cyclodextrin for enhancing the cross-linking, for adjusting the conversion of glutaraldehyde, and for molecularly encapsulating polyethylene glycol and/or other ingredients.

Abstract: A method of processing peat for use in treating a contaminated aqueous solution, especially storm water runoff entering a sewer system. The method includes mixing raw peat with heated sulfuric acid to produce a slurry. The slurry is dried and then mixed with a binder medium to produce an aggregate material. The aggregate material is extruded to form a plurality of pellets. The plurality of pellets are then baked in an oven at a temperature in the range of approximately 900-1000 degree F. Peat processed in accordance with the present invention serves as both an ion exchange material as well as an organic retention material. A filter canister for maintaining pelletized peat is also disclosed.

Abstract: A chemical composition is disclosed herein for performing a rapid neutralization of formaldehyde vapors, control of incidental releases, detoxification and disposal of spent or unused aqueous and/or non-aqueous formaldehyde solutions, and feasible conversion of the waste formaldehyde into a coarse pharmaceutical product.The composition is consisting essentially of an alkanolamine for rapid reaction with formaldehyde vapors, with formaldehyde in aqueous and/or non-aqueous solutions and for optimizing the reactions; a coumarin metabolite for neutralizing formaldehyde in concentrated aqueous solutions; urea for forming an inclusion/addition compound with formaldehyde, and; beta cyclodextrin for inclusion complexation of the methanol and methylene glycol in inhibited formaldehyde solutions.

Abstract: Water having alkalies selected from sodium, potassium and mixtures thereof dissolved therein is treated with a composition to reduce the concentration of the alkalies whereby the water is rendered usable according to ASTM standards to render the water usable as concrete mix water. The composition and the method of its use is disclosed herein, wherein the composition is selected from compounds in the group consisting of lithium carbonate, acid zirconium phosphate, carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A chemical composition is disclosed herein for performing a complex neutralization and fixation of embalming fluids, providing a method for the rapid neutralization of formaldehyde vapors, the control of incidental releases, detoxification and disposal of unused or spent embalming fluids, and of any unused or spent aqueous or non-aqueous formaldehyde solutions. The composition includes alkanolamines for rapid reaction with formaldehyde vapors, aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of formaldehydes, for absorbing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from the air, and cyclodextrins for inclusion complexation of all the components of spent and/or unused embalming fluids.

Abstract: A buffer solution comprising one or more metal salts, preferably monobasic potassium phosphate and/or monosodium phosphate, dissolved in water creates a rinse having a pH near that of human skin. The buffer solution in various concentrations and compositions is adapted for routine use by professional and casual users of cement to rinse their skin and tools, as a spray-on application for skin and clothes, and as a pre-wash for laundry. The buffer solution may include other metal salts, preferably manganese sulfate, further to reduce hexavalent chromium carried into the rinse from cement. A pH color indicator such as phenolphthalein also may be included to signal when the buffer solution becomes ineffective from prolonged use.

Abstract: Liquid caustic compositions for use in reactive dyeing, having total and alkaline activities approximating the total and alkaline activities of a predetermined liquid caustic composition are prepared by providing a source of water; providing a container of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution; providing a container of liquid buffered alkali solution; providing a mixer communicating with the containers; providing at least one liquid caustic solution storage tank in communication with the mixer; providing flow meters communicating with the mixer to monitor the quantities of sodium hydroxide and buffered alkali flowing to the mixer; determining the total and active alkalinities of the target liquid caustic composition; determining the quantities of sodium hydroxide and buffered alkali solutions required to provide a liquid caustic solution having total and active alkalinities approximating the total and active alkalinities of the target solution; diluting the concentrated sodium hydroxide with the water to for

Abstract: A removing agent being capable of removing silicone film adhering fast to the surface of a pane of vehicles quickly, easily, evenly and completely, and a method for removing silicone film adhering to the surface of a pane completely without any of the removing agent left on the surface are provided. The removing agent comprises water and at least one acidic fluoride selected from the group consisting of an acidic ammonium fluoride and an acidic potassium fluoride wherein an amount of the acidic fluoride is from 0.15 to 15 wt % of the total amount of the agent. The removing agent further includes a powder at need.

Abstract: A water based, solvent free, two component polyurethane-polyurea dispersion containing up to 65% solids. The first component is a polyester-polyol phase and an aqueous amine phase mixture. The polyester-polyol is a combination of modified polyester-polyols, low viscosity polyether or polyester-polyols, chain extending low molecular weight polyols, neutralizing amines and a detergent. It has a solids content of 90-100% and is totally hydroxyl functional with a carboxylic acid number of 10 and 50, an hydroxyl number of 180 and 300, an equivalent weight range of 165 and 365 and a viscosity of 600-1500 cps at 25.degree. C. The amine phase is an combination of neutralizing and chain extending amines having ratios preformulated to provide a balanced chain extending cross-linking reaction in aqueous phase with --NCO reactive groups. The aqueous amine blend has an equivalent weight of 40 to 50 and a solids content of 40-60%.

Abstract: Disclosed are reagents of methods for cleaving and deprotecting insolubilized and protected synthetic oligonucleotides. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reagent comprises methylamine and t-butylamine.

Abstract: A water based, solvent free, two component polyurethane-polyurea dispersion containing up to 65% solids. The first component is a polyester-polyol phase and an aqueous amine phase mixture. The polyester-polyol is a combination of modified polyester-polyols, low viscosity polyether or polyester-polyols, chain extending low molecular weight polyols, neutralizing amines and a detergent. It has a solids content of 90-100% and is totally hydroxyl functional with a carboxylic acid number of 10 and 50, an hydroxyl number of 180 and 300, an equivalent weight range of 165 and 365 and a viscosity of 600-1500 cps at 25.degree. C. The amine phase is an combination of neutralizing and chain extending amines having ratios preformulated to provide a balanced chain extending crosslinking reaction in aqueous phase with --NCO reactive groups. The aqueous amine blend has an equivalent weight of 40 to 50 and a solids content of 40-60%.

Abstract: A neutralizing absorbent for acids and bases comprising a superabsorbent powder, a neutralizing chemical, and, optionally, a pH indicator. The absorbent comes in solid form for ease of application. A method for treating acid and base spills is also provided.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a cation exchange material from peat selected from sphagnum or reed-sedge peat for improving the ion exchange capability of the peat. The raw peat is initially dried and ground to a particle size of less than about one millimeter, after which the particulate material is hydrolyzed in an acid solution of moderate strength for separation of soluble components. The hydrolyzed material is then refluxed in an organic solvent, such as a mixture of 2-propanol and toluene in a 1:2 volume ratio. Following removal of residual solvent, the peat is reacted with warm concentrated sulfuric acid, and thereafter ground or milled to a desirable particle size.

Abstract: A precipitate composition comprising a water-insoluble phosphate of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr and Sn, and a hydroxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co., Ni, Zn and Cu.The precipitate composition of the invention can be used as an adsorbent composition, which shows high adsorption capacity for acidic malodorous gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, as well as alkaline malodorous gases, such as ammonia.

Abstract: A composite adsorbent comprising an acid salt of an m- or p-aromatic amino acid and an acid. The adsorbent may further contain a transition metal compound. The former removes aldehydes, ammonias and amines simultaneously, and the latter further removes hydrogen sulfide.The composite adsorbent is used in the form of a powder, a solution, or a solid supported on a carrier.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-reagent test kit for the presumptive identification of traces of explosives and/or discriminating between "innocent" material and explosive containing a first reagent comprising about 2.5 to 20% V/V of a tetra alkyl ammonium or phosphonium hydroxide in a solvent comprising at least 60% V/V dimethylsulfoxide and about 0 to 30% V/V methanol or water and a second reagent comprising a diazotization compound and a coupling compound of a Griess reagent pair.

Abstract: A method of producing a mixed electrolyte powder having an electrolyte ion composition suited for use in preparing a dialyzing fluid for perfusing artificial kidney systems for bicarbonate dialysis, which method comprises a step of pulverizing the whole or part of sodium chloride, which is one of the components of the above powder, in a micronizer to a microfine powder having a particle size of about 20-30 .mu.m and adding thereto 2-4 percent by weight of glacial acetic acid by spraying, whereby a microfine powder of sodium chloride acidified with acetic acid is obtained, a step of dissolving other components constituting the above mixed powder and, if any, the remaining portion of sodium chloride in warm water and spray-drying the solution using a spray nozzle or disk atomizer to a microfine powder having a particle size of about 20-100 .mu.m, and a step of mixing both the microfine powders obtained in the above steps together.

Abstract: A thixotropic cross-linkable unsaturated polyester composition is provided. The composition comprises an aromatic unsaturated monomer having an amount of an organoclay dispersed therein. The organoclay comprises the reaction product of a smectite type clay and quaternary ammonium compounds. The latter are an admixture of (a) a dimethyl di(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium compound and (b) a dimethyl benzyl(hydrogenated tallow) ammonium compound. The organoclay has a quaternary ammonium compound to clay milliequivalent ratio, by weight, of at least 95, and more generally can be up to at least as high as 140, expressed on a 100% active clay basis. The cross-linkable unsaturated polyester further comprises a liquid unsaturated polyester mixed with the monomer. The amount of organoclay in the monomer and the amount of (a) and (b) are amounts sufficient to produce a cross-linkable polyester composition having a thixotropic index of at least about 2.5, and preferably of at least about 3.0.

Abstract: Adhesive products such as label stock, labels, tapes and the like having a facestock, an adhesive layer and a removable, fibrous backing are described. The backing is provided with integral embrittled zones which crack when the adhesive product is flexed and offer gripping points for removal of the backing. The embrittled zones contain brittle, film-forming organic polymer suffused among the fibers. The presence of the polymer in the embrittled zone helps to enhance the brittleness of the zones and to reduce the transfer of residual chemical embrittling agent from embrittled zones of the backing to portions of the facestock brought into contact therewith when the adhesive product is stacked or rolled. Embrittled zones are preferably formed by applying a thickened acidic solution comprising a polymer emulsion to the backing of the adhesive product and then curing and drying the solution by heating.

Abstract: Polyether polyamines of the formula 1 ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and denote C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 -alkyl, -2-hydroxyalkyl or -alkenyl or C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 -alkoxypropyl, m and n are 2 or 3, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl and the sum of o+p+q+r is an integer from 4 to 600, process for their manufacture and their use as dispersing agents, corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers and acid retarders.

Abstract: An inorganic ion exchanger prepared by kneading a blend of anatase type titanic acid or amorphous titanic acid with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid and water, extrusion molding the blend, and thereafter, heat treating the extruded product at an elevated temperature. The inorganic ion exchanger has high strength in water and is suitable for use in the removal or the concentration and recovery of injurious or beneficial materials contained in water.

Abstract: A composition for stripping solder and tin from a copper substrate having an extended life is provided by the inclusion of a polyacrylamide in a peroxide-fluoride based stripping composition. The presence of the polyacrylamide minimizes the adverse effect of the stripping composition on the copper substrate of the material undergoing treatment.

Abstract: A method for removing compounds with offensive odor from an exhaust gas containing the same with a deodorant comprising a mixture of spherical particles of activated carbon and spherical particles of porous carbon impregnated with phosphoric acid or ammonium phosphate placed in a fluidized-bed type deodorizing unit.

Abstract: A process for preparing microcapsules comprising a core of highly viscous liquid substance encapsuled with a wall of an aggregate of finely divided silica powder, which comprises adding the highly viscous liquid substance into a powder bed of the finely divided silica powder under stirring with a cutter. The microcapsules thus obtained have such a structure that the core of highly viscous liquid substance is coated with a wall of an aggregate of the finely divided silica powder and a gelatinized layer formed between the wall and the liquid core substance.

Abstract: Stable, pumpable, aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble, calcium-binding aluminosilicates suitable as stock suspensions comprising (A) from 20% to 55% by weight of at least one finely-divided, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, (B) from 0.2% to 5% by weight of at least one organic dispersing agent as follows:(1) lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of an N-higher alkyl/alkenyl-alkylenediamine,(2) lower alkylene oxide or glycide adducts of the reaction product of .epsilon.

Abstract: Liquid and solid compositions are provided for souring and imparting softness to freshly laundered textile materials. When in the form of a stable homogeneous liquid, the composition may contain (a) a quaternized fatty amide, an aqueous emulsion of partially oxidized polyethylene, a fatty amphoteric compound, or a fatty amide as described hereinafter as the softening agent, (b) hydrofluorosilicic acid, ammonium silicofluoride, zinc silicofluoride, ammonium acid fluoride, potassium acid fluoride, or orthophosphoric acid as the souring agent, and (c) water. When in the form of a stable dry solid, the composition may contain (a) a quaternized fatty amide, a fatty amphoteric compound or a fatty amide as described hereinafter as the softening agent, and (b) ammonium silicofluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, zinc silicofluoride, ammonium acid fluoride, sodium acid fluoride or potassium acid fluoride.

Abstract: A pourable solid filter material for the removal of foreign gases, particularly unpleasant odors, from the air comprises a granular composition. The granular composition is a mixture of at least one acid or basic chemosorptive substance which reacts chemically with the foreign gas, and a substance which stores moisture. A binder which binds the chemosorptive substance into the form of granules is preferably also used as the moisture storing substance. The granules may consist of spherical particles between 0.5 to 5 mm. in diameter. Suitable acid chemosorpents include organic carboxylic acids, amidosulphonic acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid, boric acid, sodium, potassium and ammonium hydrogen sulphates and phthalic andydride. Preferred basic chemosorbents include sodium and potassium carbonates, oxides or hydroxides of calcium and barium, sodium metasilicate, lithium carbonate, hydroxides of sodium or potassium, cement, and potash, double, and soda water glass.

Abstract: A wood treating composition is provided, comprising an aqueous solution containing (a) a specified amount of zinc ion; (b) a specified amount of ammonium thiocyanate; and (c) a specified amount of zinc oxide solubilizing amount of ammonia, the composition having a pH of 9 or more. The composition may be provided by means of an aqueous ammoniacal solution of Zn(CNS).sub.2. The composition may also include one or more of the following: (a) cupric ammonium ions, (b) a vinyl polymer latex, (c) optionally, an acidic organic surfactant compound which is soluble in the ammoniacal salt solution, or (d) an additional fungicidal agent.

Abstract: A solid material such as an inorganic carbonate, a salt of a strong inorganic acid and a weak base, or a weak inorganic acid cools gas passing therethrough generated from an azide of an alkali or alkaline earth metal. Toxic, molten particles resulting from decomposition of the azide are trapped and reduced to harmless salts by the solid material.

Abstract: An ion exchanger consisting of crushed lignite or brown coal retaining alkali ions, which is obtained by immersing the particles in a dilute caustic alkali solution. The concentration of the caustic alkali ranges from 2 to 20 weight percent, preferably from 3 to 10 weight percent. Following the treatment with the alkali, the system is washed with an acid with a pH of 3 to 7 to remove the alkali liquid. The resultant lignite has less than 4 meq/g, for instance 2.60 to 3.50 meq/g, of sodium ions and exhibits abilities of ion exchange. By treating the alkali treated lignite with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is possible to retain hydrogen ions, and by using a solution of a calcium salt such as calcium chloride calcium ions can be retained. Thus, calcium ions or potassium ions may be exchanged with cations of a salt of metal of Group second in the periodic table such as calcium, magnesium, barium and zinc.

Abstract: A wood treating composition is provided, comprising an aqueous solution containing (a) a specified amount of a water insoluble zine compound, namely zinc carbonate, zinc oxide or zinc thiocyanate; (b) one of (i) a specified amount of ammonium thiocyanate, or (ii) a specified amount of ammonium carbonate, or (iii) a specified amount of both ammonium thiocyanate and ammonium carbonate; and (c) a specified amount of a zinc compound solubilizing amount of ammonia, the composition having a pH of 9 or more. The components may be provided by dissolving ZnO in an aqueous ammonia solution containing carbonate ions, or by dissolving zinc carbonate in an aqueous ammonia, or by means of an aqueous ammoniacal solution of Zn(CNS).sub.2. The composition may also include one or more of the following: (a) cupric ammonium ions, (b) a vinyl polymer latex, (c) optionally, an acidic organic surfactant compound which is soluble in said ammnoiacal salt solution, or (d) an additional fungicidal agent.

Abstract: A reagent composition which is chemically inert when solid and is chemica reactive when molten comprises a first substance selected from high molecular weight waxes and polymers and a second substance dissolved, dispersed, or encapsulated in the first substance. The second substance is highly chemically reactive and is selected from strong bases and strong acids. The composition is particularly adapted for use in safety devices automatically activated in response to an increase in the temperature of a chemical system and in processes for automatically discontinuing the operation of or decontaminating the products of a malfunctioning chemical system.