Abstract: Disclosed is a halogen silicate luminescent material having a chemical structural formula of (N1?a?bEuaMnb)10Si6O21Cl2 with xM nanoparticles, and the preparation method thereof, where M is at least one of Ag, Au, Pt and Pd, N is an alkaline earth metal and specifically at least one of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, 0<x?1×10?2, 0 M<a?0.3, and 0<b<0.3. The above halogen silicate luminescent material having the core-shell structure utilizes the surface plasmon resonance generated by the surface of metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: Novel core-shell nanoparticles comprising a phosphorescent core and metal shell as well as methods of synthesizing and using said core-shell nanoparticles are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the phosphorescent core comprises an upconverting phosphor and the shell comprises gold.

Abstract: Halo-borate luminescent materials and preparation methods thereof are provided. The said luminescent materials are represented by the following general formula: Ca2-xBO3Cl1-yFy:xEu2+, with zM0, wherein M0 is selected from one of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd or Cu metal nano-particles; 0.001?x?0.1, 0?y?0.2, 0<z?0.01. The said luminescent materials have excellent chemical stability and high luminous intensity. The said preparation methods have simple technique, no pollution, manageable process conditions and low equipment requirement, and are beneficial to industry production.

Abstract: The invention is directed to calcium fluoride crystal optics with improved laser durability that can be used for the transmission of below 250 nanometer (nm) electromagnetic radiation. The optics consists of CaF2 as the major component and Mg in an amount in the range of 13 ppm to 20 ppm while Ce and Mn are <0.5 ppm. The doped crystal and optics made therefrom have a ratio of 515/380 nm transmission loss of less than 0.3 after exposure to greater than 2.8 MRads of ?-radiation. Further, the doped crystal and optics made therefrom exhibit a greatly improved lifetime as shown by ALDT testing to at least 1 billion pulses.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition comprising an inorganic scintillator comprising a doped halide, useful for detecting nuclear material.

Abstract: Preparation of a porous ceramic composite with a fluoride phosphor is described herein. The phosphor ceramics prepared may be incorporated into devices such as light-emitting devices, lasers, or for other purposes.

Abstract: A complex fluoride A2MF6 wherein M is a tetravalent element Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge or Sn, A is an alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs is prepared by providing a first solution containing a fluoride of M, providing a second solution containing a compound of A and/or the compound of A in solid form, mixing the first solution with the second solution and/or the solid for reacting the fluoride of M with the compound of A, and recovering the resulting solid product via solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: Phosphorescent compositions including silicate of alkaline earth materials which are modified by at least one halide are provided. The phosphorescent compositions may include 3d ions. A variety of embodiments may be realized. The appearance of some embodiments may be glassy (i.e., vitreous).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a crystal includes at least one metal halide; and an activator dopant comprising ytterbium. In another general embodiment, a scintillator optic includes: at least one metal halide doped with a plurality of activators, the plurality of activators comprising: a first activator comprising europium, and a second activator comprising ytterbium. In yet another general embodiment, a method for manufacturing a crystal suitable for use in a scintillator includes mixing one or more salts with a source of at least one dopant activator comprising ytterbium; heating the mixture above a melting point of the salt(s); and cooling the heated mixture to a temperature below the melting point of the salts. Additional materials, systems, and methods are presented.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain metal silicate halide (halosilicate) phosphors, the phosphors with an oxide coating, methods of making the phosphors, and light emitting diode- (LED-) based lighting devices modified with the phosphors.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a scintillation crystal having the general formula RE(1?y)MyF3XA3(1?x), wherein RE includes; A is selected from Cl, Br or I; and M is an activator ion selected from the Ce3+, Pr3+ or Eu3+; x is greater than 0.01 mole% and strictly less than 100 mole%, and y is greater than 0.01 mole% and strictly less than 100 mole%; and wherein the at least one activator ion is further combined with ions from the group of Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, or Yb3+.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are yellow-green and yellow-emitting aluminate based phosphors for use in white LEDs, general lighting, and LED and backlighting displays. In one embodiment of the present invention, the cerium-activated, yellow-green to yellow-emitting aluminate phosphor comprises the rare earth lutetium, at least one alkaline earth metal, aluminum, oxygen, at least one halogen, and at least one rare earth element other than lutetium, wherein the phosphor is configured to absorb excitation radiation having a wavelength ranging from about 380 nm to about 480 nm, and to emit light having a peak emission wavelength ranging from about 550 nm to about 600 nm.

Abstract: A luminescent material can be formed by a process using a vacancy-filling agent that includes vacancy-filling atoms. In an embodiment, the process can include forming a mixture of a constituent corresponding to the luminescent material and the vacancy-filling agent. The process can further include forming the luminescent material from the mixture, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent. In another embodiment, the process can include melting a constituent corresponding to the luminescent material to form a melt and adding a vacancy-filling agent into the melt. The process can also include forming the luminescent material from the melt, wherein the luminescent material includes at least some of the vacancy-filling atoms from the vacancy-filling agent. The luminescent material may have one or more improved performance properties as compared to a corresponding base material of the luminescent material.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process of combining an aqueous solution of a fluoride with an aqueous solution of a host multi-valent metal salt and an aqueous solution of a salt forming a reactant mixture resulting in a precipitate of aqueously insoluble rare-earth doped multi-valent metal fluoride nanoparticles.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed a ?-SiAlON:Eu2+based green emitting phosphor having the formula Eux(A1)6?z(A2)zOyN8?z(A3)2(x+z?y), where 0<z?4.2; 0?y?z; 0<x?0.1; A1 is Si, C, Ge, and/or Sn; A2 is Al, B, Ga, and/or In; A3 is F, Cl, Br, and/or I. The new set of compounds described by Eux(A1)6?z(A2)zOyN8?z(A3)2(x+z?y) have the same structure as ?-Si3N4. Both elements A1 and A2 reside on Si sites, and both O and N occupy the nitrogen sites of the ?-Si3N4 crystal structure. A molar quantity (z?y) of the A3?anion (defined as a halogen) reside on nitrogen sites.

Abstract: An oxyhalide luminescent material doped with rare earth containing metal particles is provided. The formula thereof is Re?1-xRe?xOX: yM, in which Re? is the first rare earth element, Re? is the second rare earth element, X is F, Cl or Br, M is metal nanoparticles, x is 0.001-0.15, and y is 5×10?5-2×10?3. A method for producing the luminescent material is also provided. By virtue of metal particles introduced into the oxyhalide luminescent material doped with rare earth and the surface plasma resonance effect of the metal surface, the luminescence intensity of the oxyhalide luminescent material is improved. The good stability, uniform appearance and excellent luminescence intensity of the luminescent material ensure its application in field emission devices. The production method has advantages of simplicity in operating, pollution-free, easy control, less demanding for equipment and suitability for industrialized production.

Abstract: A halide scintillator material is disclosed where the halide may comprise chloride, bromide or iodide. The material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the general formula ABX3 where A is an alkali, B is an alkali earth and X is a halide which general composition was investigated. In particular, crystals of the formula ACa1-yEuyI3 where A=K, Rb and Cs were formed as well as crystals of the formula CsA1-yEuyX3 (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba, or a combination thereof and X=Cl, Br or I or a combination thereof) with divalent Europium doping where 0?y?1, and more particularly Eu doping has been studied at one to ten mol %. The disclosed scintillator materials are suitable for making scintillation detectors used in applications such as medical imaging and homeland security.

Abstract: A halide material, such as scintillator crystals of LaBr3:Ce and SrI2:Eu, with a passivation surface layer is disclosed. The surface layer comprises one or more halides of lower water solubility than the scintillator crystal that the surface layer covers. A method for making such a material is also disclosed. In certain aspects of the disclosure, a passivation layer is formed on a surface of a halide material such as a scintillator crystal of LaBr3:Ce of SrI2:Eu by fluorinating the surface with a fluorinating agent, such as F2 for LaBr3:Ce and HF for SrI2:Eu.

Abstract: An afterglow property of cesium iodide: thallium (CsI:Tl), in which CsI is a host material and doped with thallium, is improved. It is possible to improve the afterglow property of a scintillator by doping a crystal material including CsI (cesium iodide), as a host material, and thallium (Tl), as a luminescent center, with bismuth (Bi).

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an iodide single crystal material that provides a scintillator material for the next-generation TOF-PET, and a production process for high-quality iodide single crystal materials. The iodide single crystal material of the invention having the same crystal structure as LuI3 and activated by a luminescence center RE where RE is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb is characterized in that a part or the whole of lutetium (Lu) in said iodide single crystal material is substituted by Y and/or Gd.

Abstract: The present invention relates to scintillator compositions and related devices and methods. The scintillator compositions may include, for example, a scintillation compound and a dopant, the scintillation compound having the formula x1-x2-x3-x4 and x1 is Cs; x2 is Na; x3 is La, Gd, or Lu; and x4 is Br or I. In certain embodiments, the scintillator composition can include a single dopant or mixture of dopants.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are green-emitting, garnet-based phosphors having the formula (Lu1-a-b-cYaTbbAc)3(Al1-dBd)5(O1-eCe)12 :Ce,Eu, where A is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Sr, Ca, and Ba; B is selected from the group consisting of Ga and In; C is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; and 0?a?1; 0?b?1; 0<c?0.5; 0?d?1; and 0<e?0.2. These phosphors are distinguished from anything in the art by nature of their inclusion of both an alkaline earth and a halogen. Their peak emission wavelength may lie between about 500 nm and 540 nm; in one embodiment, the phosphor (Lu,Y,A)3Al5(O,F,Cl)12:Eu2+ has an emission at 540 nm. The FWHM of the emission peak lies between 80 nm and 150 nm. The present green garnet phosphors may be combined with a red-emitting, nitride-based phosphor such as CaAl SiN3 to produce white light.

Abstract: Luminescent materials and methods of forming such materials are described herein. In one embodiment, a luminescent material has the formula: [AaSnbXxX?x?X?x?], where the luminescent material is polycrystalline; A is included in the luminescent material as a monovalent cation; X, X?, and X? are selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; a is in the range of 1 to 5; b is in the range of 1 to 3; a sum of x, x?, and x? is in the range of 1 to 5; and at least X? is iodine, such that x?/(x+x?+x?)??.

Abstract: A novel yellow phosphor of a fluorosulfide having a chemical formula of (A1-x-yCexBy)2Ca1-zSrzF4S2 and a tetragonal crystal phase is disclosed, wherein A and B are different rare earth metals other than Ce, the values of x, y, z are 0<x?1, 0?y?1, and 0?z?1, respectively. A preparation method of the fluorosulfide and white-light emitting diode application thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A phosphor material is presented that includes a blend of a first phosphor, a second phosphor and a third phosphor. The first phosphor includes a composition having a general formula of ((Sr1?zMz)1?(x+w)AwCex)3(Al1?ySiy)O4+y+3(x?w)F1?y?3(x?w), wherein 0<x?0.10, 0?y?0.5, 0?z?0.5, 0?w?x, A comprises Li, Na, K, or Rb; and M comprises Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn, or Sn. The second phosphor includes a complex fluoride doped with manganese (Mn4+), and the third phosphor include a phosphor composition having an emission peak in a range from about 520 nanometers to about 680 nanometers. A lighting apparatus including such a phosphor material is also presented. The light apparatus includes a light source in addition to the phosphor material.

Abstract: The scintillation material has a maximum oxygen content of 2,500 ppm and is a compound of formula LnX3 or LnX3:D, wherein Ln is at least one rare earth element, X is F, Cl, Br, or I; and D is at least one cationic dopant of one or more of the elements Y, Zr, Pd, Hf and Bi and, if present, is present in an amount of 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm. The process of making the scintillation material includes optionally mixing the compound of the formula LnX3 with the at least one cationic dopant, heating the compound or the mixture so obtained to a melting temperature to form a melt, adding one or more carbon halides and then cooling the melt to form a crystal or crystalline structure. The maximum oxygen content of the scintillation material is preferably 1000 ppm.

Abstract: A mixed halide scintillator material including a fluoride is disclosed. The introduction of fluorine reduces the hygroscopicity of halide scintillator materials and facilitates tuning of scintillation properties of the materials.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a material comprises a crystal comprising strontium iodide providing at least 50,000 photons per MeV. A scintillator radiation detector according to another embodiment includes a scintillator optic comprising europium-doped strontium iodide providing at least 50,000 photons per MeV. A scintillator radiation detector in yet another embodiment includes a scintillator optic comprising SrI2 and BaI2, wherein a ratio of SrI2 to BaI2 is in a range of between 0:1 A method for manufacturing a crystal suitable for use in a scintillator includes mixing strontium iodide-containing crystals with a source of Eu2+, heating the mixture above a melting point of the strontium iodide-containing crystals, and cooling the heated mixture near the seed crystal for growing a crystal. Additional materials, systems, and methods are presented.

Abstract: Halo-borate luminescent materials and preparation methods thereof are provided. The said luminescent materials are represented by the following general formula: Ca2-xBO3Cl1-yFy:xEu2+, zM0, wherein M0 is selected from one of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd or Cu metal nano-particles; 0.001?x?0.1, 0?y?0.2, 0?z?0.01. The said luminescent materials have excellent chemical stability and high luminous intensity. The said preparation methods have simple technique, no pollution, manageable process conditions and low equipment requirement, and are beneficial to industry production.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ceramic non-cubic fluoride laser material and methods of its manufacture.

Abstract: Phosphor compositions comprising a solid solution series between Sr3AlO4F and Sr3SiO5 and a solid solution series between Sr3AlO4F and GdSr2AlO5, are disclosed. A white light emitting LED using the phosphor compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] To provide a neutron scintillator which shows a large amount of luminescence in response to neutrons and which is excellent in neutron detection efficiency and n/? discrimination ability; and a metal fluoride crystal suitable for the neutron scintillator. [Means to Solve the Problems] A metal fluoride crystal, as a parent crystal, represented by the chemical formula LiM1M2F6 (where M1 represents at least one alkaline earth metal element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, and M2 represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga and Sc), such as lithium calcium aluminum fluoride, lithium strontium aluminum fluoride, or lithium magnesium aluminum fluoride, the metal fluoride crystal containing at least one alkali metal element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb and Cs, and also containing Eu; and a light-emitting device comprising the crystal, such as a neutron scintillator.

Abstract: A scintillator material contains a compound represented by a general formula [Cs1-zRbz][I1-x-yBrxCly]:In. In the general formula, x, y, and z satisfy any one of conditions (1), (2), and (3) below. (1) When 0<x+y<1 and z=0, at least one of Mathematical formula 1 and Mathematical formula 2 is satisfied. (2) When 0<x+y<1 and 0<z<1, at least one of Mathematical formula 3 and 0<y<1 is satisfied. (3) When x=y=0, the relationship 0<z<1 is satisfied. The content of indium (In) is 0.00010 mole percent or more and 1.0 mole percent or less relative to [Cs1-zRbz][I1-x-yBrxCly]. [Math. 1] 0<x?0.7??(Math. 1) 0<y?0.8??(Math. 2) 0<x?0.8??(Math.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to rare-earth doped solid state solutions of alkaline earth fluorides having novel luminescence properties, and to a process for preparing them. The invention is useful as identifying markers on articles. Other uses include phosphors for plasma displays, optical frequency multipliers, optical amplifiers and the like.

Abstract: The scintillation materials may exist in single crystalline, polycrystalline or ceramic form. Preferably, the scintillation materials are in single crystalline form. According to the present invention all cation-forming elements are present in the scintillation material in an amount, which is higher than stoichiometric (hyper- or over-stoichiometric) with respect to the anion-forming elements.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor light emitting device which is capable of accomplishing a broad color reproducibility for an entire image without losing brightness of the entire image. A light source provided on a backlight for a color image display device has a semiconductor light emitting device comprising a solid light emitting device to emit light in a blue or deep blue region or in an ultraviolet region and phosphors, in combination. The phosphors comprise a green emitting phosphor and a red emitting phosphor. The green emitting phosphor and the red emitting phosphor are ones, of which the rate of change of the emission peak intensity at 100° C. to the emission intensity at 25° C., when the wavelength of the excitation light is 400 nm or 455 nm, is at most 40%.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a composition comprising an inorganic scintillator comprising a lanthanide-doped strontium barium mixed halide useful for detecting nuclear material.

Abstract: Neutron scintillating materials are provided, including boron substitution scintillation materials, boron and Li substitution scintillation materials, and Gd-based substitution scintillation materials.

Abstract: A green and yellow emitting lutetium aluminate based photoluminescent material having the formula (Lu1-x-yGdxCey)3BzAl5O12C2z wherein: B is one or more of Mg, Sr, Ca or Ba; C is F, Cl, Br or I; 0<x?0.5; 0.0001?y?0.2; and 0?z?0.50. The compound absorbs radiation at a wavelength ranging from about 200 nm to about 420 nm and emits visible light in the range from about 515 nm to about 577 nm. Furthermore, the compound has the characteristic CIE (x,y): 0.320<x<4.90 and 0.520<y<5.90. In some embodiments, B is Ba or Sr and C is F.

Abstract: Scintillator material comprising nanoparticles (nanocrystals) comprising lead (Pb), iodine (I), and optionally one or both of oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) wherein the nanoparticles exhibit room-temperature scintillation under gamma irradiation. The scintillator nanoparticles can comprise Pb3O2I2. The scintillator nanoparticles can comprise PbIOH in generally equiatomic proportions or non-equiatomic variants thereof that exhibit scintillation under gamma irradiation. The scintillator nanoparticles have a particle dimension in the range of about 5 to about 100 nm. Microparticles (microcrystals) also are provided comprising lead (Pb), iodine (I), and optionally one or both of oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) grown in a nanoparticle colloidal solution over time to a particle dimension greater than 0.1 ?m, such as about 2 microns.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cerium doped, garnet phosphors emitting in the yellow region of the spectrum, and having the general formula (Y,A)3(Al,B)5(O,C)12:Ce3+, where A is Tb, Gd, Sm, La, Sr, Ba, Ca, and/or Mg, and substitutes for Y, B is Si, Ge, B, P, and/or Ga, and substitutes for Al, and C is F, Cl, N, and/or S, where C substitutes for O. Relative to a solid-state-reaction method, the instant co-precipitation methods provide a more homogeneous mixing environment to enhance the distribution of the Ce3+ activator in the YAG matrix. Such a uniform distribution has the benefit of an increased emission intensity. The primary particle size of the as-prepared phosphor is about 200 nm, with a narrow distribution.

Abstract: An oxyhalide luminescent material doped with rare earth containing metal particles is provided. The formula thereof is Re?1-xRe?xOX: yM, in which Re? is the first rare earth element, Re? is the second rare earth element, X is F, Cl or Br, M is metal nanoparticles, x is 0.001-0.15, and y is 5×10?5-2×10?3. A method for producing the luminescent material is also provided. By virtue of metal particles introduced into the oxyhalide luminescent material doped with rare earth and the surface plasma resonance effect of the metal surface, the luminescence intensity of the oxyhalide luminescent material is improved. The good stability, uniform appearance and excellent luminescence intensity of the luminescent material ensure its application in field emission devices. The production method has advantages of simplicity in operating, pollution-free, easy control, less demanding for equipment and suitability for industrialized production.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a phosphor and a compound having the formula R1R2M, wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyl, acyl heterocycle, haloalkyl, oxaalkyl, or silyl; R2 is a sulfate, sulfonate, or carboxylate and M is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal are provided. Phosphors coated with the compound, methods of making the coated phosphors and articles comprising the compositions are provided.

Abstract: A solid scintillator having short afterglow and high output, containing a polycrystal containing a crystal of a Gd garnet structure oxide having a composition ratio of formula (1): (M1-x-yGdxQy)3J5O12??(1) where M is at least one element of La and Tb, Q is at least one element of Ce and Pr, J is at least one element selected from Al, Ga, and In, x and y satisfy the relations 0.5?x<1, and 0.000001?y?0.2, and further containing Si and fluorine, where the solid scintillator contains 1 ppm by mass to 1000 ppm by mass of the Si with respect to the Gd garnet structure oxide, and 1 ppm by mass to 100 ppm by mass of the fluorine with respect to the Gd garnet structure oxide. In addition a radiation detector and a tomograph employing the solid scintillator.

Abstract: An oxide phosphor that is highly durable and produces visible light when excited by exposure to near-ultraviolet excitation light, comprising an oxide having the composition represented by the formula (Al2O3)x·(SiO2)1-x, where 0<x<1, and an activating element M.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to rare-earth doped solid state solutions of alkaline earth fluorides having novel luminescence properties, and to a process for preparing them. The invention is useful as identifying markers on articles. Other uses include phosphors for plasma displays, optical frequency multipliers, optical amplifiers and the like.

Abstract: The invention is directed to calcium fluoride crystal optics with improved laser durability that can be used for the transmission of below 250 nanometer (nm) electromagnetic radiation. The optics consists of CaF2 as the major component and Mg in an amount in the range of 13 ppm to 20 ppm while Ce and Mn are <0.5 ppm. The doped crystal and optics made therefrom have a ratio of 515/380 nm transmission loss of less than 0.3 after exposure to greater than 2.8 MRads of ?-radiation. Further, the doped crystal and optics made therefrom exhibit a greatly improved lifetime as shown by ALDT testing to at least 1 billion pulses.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present techniques provide a related family of phosphors that may be used in lighting systems to generate blue or blue-green light. The phosphors include systems having a general formula of: ((Sr1?zMz)1?(x+w)AwCex)3(Al1?ySiy)O4+y+3(x?w)F1?y?3(x?w) (I), wherein 0<x?0.10, 0?y?0.5, 0?z?0.5, 0?w?x, A is Li, Na, K, Rb, or Ag or any combinations thereof, and M is Ca, Ba, Mg, Zn, or Sn or any combinations thereof. Advantageously, phosphors made accordingly to these formulations maintain emission intensity across a wide range of temperatures. The phosphors may be used in lighting systems, such as LEDs and fluorescent tubes, among others, to produce blue and blue/green light. Further, the phosphors may be used in blends with other phosphors, or in combined lighting systems, to produce white light suitable for illumination.

Abstract: Photoluminescent phosphors wherein some of the oxygen anions in the phosphor matrix have been replaced by halides or nitride. In addition, photoluminescent phosphors wherein some of the oxygen anions in the phosphor matrix have been replaced by halides or nitride and a charge compensator has been included. The phosphors are based on green emitting and blue-green emitting aluminates.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] A fluoride which emits light with high brightness in a vacuum ultraviolet region is provided. Also provided are a novel vacuum ultraviolet light emitting element which comprises the fluoride and which can be suitably used in photolithography, cleaning of a semiconductor or liquid crystal substrate, sterilization, next-generation large-capacity optical disks, medical care (ophthalmologic treatment, DNA cleavage), etc.; and a vacuum ultraviolet light emitting scintillator which is composed of the fluoride and can be suitably used in a small-sized radiation detector incorporating a diamond light receiving element or AlGaN light receiving element with a low background noise as an alternative to a conventional photomultiplier tube. [Means to Solve the Problems] A metal fluoride crystal represented by a chemical formula K3-XNaXTmYZLuY(1-Z)F3+3Y where 0.7<X<1.3, 0.85<Y<1.1 and 0.001?Z<1.0, such as K2NaTm0.4Lu0.6F6, K2.1Na0.9TmF6, K2NaTmF6, or K2NaTm0.9F5.