Abstract: There is disclosed a fluorinated phyllosilicate material and method of producing such material. The material has fluoride ions chemically bonded to a natural phyllosilicate in part at least by exchange with hydroxyl ions. The method comprises exposing a phyllosilicate to a source of fluoride ions, either gaseous, aqueous fluoride solution, or a volatile solid, and chemically bonding flouride ions to the phyllosilicate structure. The fluorinated material may be heated to a temperature in the range of 100.degree.-1000.degree. C., preferably 300.degree.-800.degree. C. to dehydrate the material. Heating at 800.degree. C. may create new crystal phases, such as sellaite (MgF.sub.2) or fluorite (CaF.sub.2).

Abstract: A closed gas-cell cellular material is formed by heat treating a hydrosilicate, especially perlite, at a low temperature and then in the form of grains of a grain size of 5 to 8000 micrometers, feeding these grains through a space at a temperature of 800.degree. C. to 2000.degree. C. for a short residence time at a uniform space load of 0.1 to 500 kg/h. Then the grains are subjected to thermal shock in a thermal shock space connector directly to the feed spacing and heated to 1,000.degree. C. to 3,500.degree. C. The density of the granular material thus produced is 0.12 to 27 g/cm.sup.3 and the weight per volume thereof at 0.01 to 1 kg/liter.

Abstract: An annular electromagnetic induction pump is disclosed which operates without an external cooling source in pumping molten metals such as magnesium, aluminum, lead, zinc, antimony and their numerous alloys. Also disclosed is an electrical insulation material which is serviceable without degradation at temperatures up to 1500.degree. F. Also disclosed is a six coil version of said annular electromagnetic induction pump which provides reduced size advantages.

Abstract: A method of delaminating a phyllosilicate is disclosed wherein the phyllosilicate is heated in the presence of a reactive vapor phase, preferably a hydrogen-containing atmosphere. The delaminated phyllosilicate is less than 1000.ANG. thick, and is stabilized against moisture pickup. The formation of either a layer of a transition metal, or an organic reactive site, on the phyllosilicate surface is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel single layer materials of the form MX.sub.2, where MX.sub.2 is a layer-type dichalcogenide such as MoS.sub.2, TaS.sub.2, WS.sub.2, or the like, exfoliated by intercalation of an alkali metal, and immersion in water, are disclosed. MoS.sub.2 has been exfoliated into monolayers by intercalation with lithium followed by reaction with water. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that the exfoliated MoS.sub.2 in suspension is in the form of one-molecule-thick sheets. X-ray patterns from dried and re-stacked films of exfoliated MoS.sub.2 indicate that the layers are randomly stacked. By adsorbing monolayers or precipitating clusters of various species such as compounds of Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, Al, Ce, In and Zn, on MoS.sub.2 while the sulfide is suspended as single layers and then recrystallizing, a new group of inclusion compounds can be formed. In the re-crystallized or re-stacked materials, the inter-layer spacing can be expanded or contracted compared to MoS.sub.2.

Abstract: It has been found that water stable articles, such as films and sheets, can be prepared from chemically delaminated vermiculite platelets if radical or ionically polymerizable organo-substituted onium salts are ionically bonded to the platelets and the resulting system cured.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for producing dispersions of vermiculite ore particles by intercalating organo-cation salts into the vermiculite structure under shearing conditions to delaminate the ore and reduce particle size in one step.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite ore particles comprising delaminating vermiculite ore by subjecting an aqueous slurry of the ore to a shearing action until a dispersion containing vermiculite lamellae having dimensions less than 200 microns is produced.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of sheet silicate and the method of making the same are disclosed. The suspension is produced by treating crystals of 2:1 layer sheet silicates with a solution containing a water soluble salt of a cation of a secondary, tertiary or quaternary alkyl ammonium compound and thereafter dispersing the vermiculite crystals.

Abstract: There are disclosed gels composed of hydrated phyllosilicates combined with a lattice expanding agent selected from the group consisting of a primary aminocarboxy acid, lysine orotate, and glycylglycine. Both organic and inorganic additions, as well as ion exchange products, are disclosed. The gels, with or without the additions, may be polymerized and may be formed or shaped. Also disclosed are methods for generating the gels and for treating the gels generated.

Abstract: Two:One layered silicate flocs with homogeneously intermixed polymers and a method for the compositions's preparation is described. Preferred embodiment include co-flocculated homogeneously intermixed polymer and 2:1 layered silicate. The materials are prepared by contacting a co-dispersion of polymer and silicate with a cationic flocculant.

Abstract: There is disclosed a delaminated phyllosilicate particle of less than 1000 .ANG. thickness and having a coating of a transition metal on its surface, the metal being selected from the transition elements and groups 3a, 4a, 5a and 6a of the Periodic Table. Also disclosed is a method of producing such particle by an ion exchange treatment coupled with a reactive vapor phase/thermal treatment. A ceramic-metal composite composed of such metal coated particles compressed in a solid body is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of flocced mineral materials combined with fibers and/or binders. These compositions may be utilized to prepare high temperature resistant, water resistant articles. These materials are prepared by utilizing, as a starting material, a gellable layered swelled silicate that has an average charge per structural unit that ranges from about -0.5 to -1 and which contains interstitial cations which promote swelling with a source of at least one species of an exchange cation that is derived from guanidine or compounds closely related thereto.

Abstract: A moulding composition comprising particles of gas-exfoliated vermiculite (a category which includes thermally exfoliated vermiculite) contains as binder very fine particles (diameter below 50 .mu.m) of vermiculite from which interstitial magnesium ions have been at least partially removed and which has been swollen in water.The composition is particularly suitable for the manufacture of articles required to function in air at temperatures above 250.degree. C., such as gaskets for the exhaust systems of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Solid sorbents (acceptors) for noxious components, e.g. SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x and HX, from gases below about 250.degree., specifically acceptors that contain hydrated divalent metal oxide coated onto an exfoliated or expanded mineral support, are improved by heating them before use at a temperature of 450.degree.-650.degree. for a conditioning period of at least a few minutes. So conditioned pulverulent MgO coated onto water-laden exfoliated vermiculite (alternatively expanded perlite) is preferred because of capacity and the ability of the magnesia-based acceptors to be regenerated at a moderately elevated temperature that precludes substantial deterioration of acceptor or equipment. To insure immediate activity the conditioned acceptor is moistened for use. Advantageously the gas and/or the acceptor is humidified during their contact.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a product from a naturally occurring phyllosilicate, the method comprising the steps of:(a) exposing the phyllosilicate to a source of exchangeable cations to effect a change in the chemical makeup of the phyllosilicate interlayer by ion transfer;(b) exposing the ion-exchanged phyllosilicate to an expanding agent selected from the group consisting of a primary aminocarboxy acid, lysine orotate, and glycylglycine to expand the cell spacing and cause gel formation;(c) flocculating the gel;(d) forming a gel-floc interface; and(e) withdrawing the flocculated gel from that interface.

Abstract: Disclosed are flocced mineral materials which may be utilized to prepare high temperature resistant, water resistant articles. These materials are prepared by utilizing, as a starting material, a gellable layered swelled silicate that has an average charge per structural unit that ranges from about -0.5 to -1 and which contains interstitial cations which promote swelling with a source of at least one species of an exchange cation that is derived from guanidine or compounds closely related thereto.

Abstract: There are disclosed gels composed of hydrated phyllosilicates combined with a lattice expanding agent selected from the group consisting of a primary aminocarboxy acid, lysine orotate, and glycylglycine. Both organic and inorganic additions, as well as ion exchange products, are disclosed. The gels, with or without the additions, may be polymerized and may be formed or shaped. Also disclosed are methods for generating the gels and for treating the gels generated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for expanding particles of a lightweight aggregate material are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a housing having an upper chamber separated from a lower chamber by a partition having a plurality of openings. Hot air is introduced into the lower chamber and flows through the partition to fluidize particles introduced into the upper chamber. Means are provided for independently regulating the velocity of air through separate sections of the partition. Particles are introduced at the inlet end of the upper chamber. The particles are fluidized and transported toward the outlet end of the upper chamber by the air flow. The temperature of the air flow causes the particles to expand and become lighter. The velocity of the air flow through separate sections of the partition is adjusted to maintain uniform fluidization of the particle bed in the upper chamber.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and an apparatus to heat certain particles. These certain particles are heated to make them more desirable. In the heating of these particles, it is often desirable to expand the particles to make a light-weight aggregate. The light-weight aggregate may be used in making a building material or the like. In carrying out the process of heating these particles, there is used air for combustion of the combustible fuel and only a mimimum of air for carrying of the particles or expansion of the particles.

Abstract: A composite particle is provided which comprises a matrix of puffed borax having a porous surface, with the matrix having retained on the porous surface thereof a plurality of individual grains of metal oxide. A method of producing such a composite particle is also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing the absorptive capacity of functional compositions into puffed borax particles. The method comprises contacting the particles with a sufficient amount of a solvent composition, e.g. water, steam, ethylene glycol, capable of dissolving portions of the exterior and interior cellular walls of the particle to thereby form a reticulated puffed borax having enhanced absorptive capacity for the functional composition. The reticulated puffed borax particle comprises a plurality of cells adjacent to each other wherein a major portion of the cell walls have openings therein to interconnect the cells.

Abstract: A process for producing solid vermiculite products which are stable in water which comprises incorporating a source of ammonia or ammonium ions or a basic substance, preferably urea, in an aqueous suspension of vermiculite lamellae, shaping the suspension and removing water from the suspension by heating the shaped suspension at a temperature above 100.degree. C., preferably above 150.degree. C., such that ammonia or a basic substance is liberated within the suspension. The invention includes an aqueous suspension of vermiculite lamellae containing a source of ammonia or ammonium ions or a basic substance and a dry-powder mixture of vermiculite lamellae and a source of ammonia or ammonium ions or a basic substance.

Abstract: There are provided novel expanded corncob grits and a method for the preparation thereof. The expanded grits which possess increased absorptivity are found to be useful in the formulation of insecticidal baits, especially fire ant baits, and other agricultural compositions.

Abstract: A formed product of vermiculite comprising thin leaves of vermiculite containing cations of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, manganese, II group elements, IV group elements and VIII group elements, substituted for exchangeable cations retained in vermiculite. Such a formed vermiculite product has high strength as well as excellent heat resistance. The formed product of vermiculite can be obtained by a method comprising the steps of crushing vermiculite to obtain thin leaves thereof, subjecting the thin leaves to ion exchange to substitute exchangeable cations retained therein by cations of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, manganese, II group elements, IV group elements and VIII group elements, and forming the resulting thin leaves into a stack or laminate. The formed vermiculite product thus obtained can retain further properties, such as an ability to expand and water resistance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a puffed borax product having superior particle strength and improved uniformity of hydration and puff ratio. In the method particles of borax having a given particle size distribution are introduced into a downwardly flowing slowly moving laminar air stream in a vertical tower, as a horizontally dispersed sheet of particles. The air stream is heated sufficiently to remove part of the water of hydration without fusing the borax. The borax particles, carried by the air stream, are gravitationally separated downstream, and are found to have a more uniform puffing ratio, i.e. feed particles of different sizes are puffed more proportionally than in prior art processes.An apparatus for carrying out this method is also disclosed, which comprises a vertical tower with an input for heated air and an opening in the wall of the tower through which the borax feed is introduced as a dispersed sheet.

Abstract: Silicate-based composition particles are rapidly and completely expanded to form an expanded, cellular particulate aggregate of maximum density in short periods of time at particle temperatures which are comparatively low, that is, 100.degree. C., compared to existing systems by the utilization of infrared heat sources, either gas or electric, to heat the silicate particles. The use of infrared energy operates in a surprisingly advantageous fashion when the expansion process is carried out on or in the presence of a surface having the capacity to act as a thermal mirror or absorber-reflector of the infrared radiation to make maximum utilization of the radiant energy by the creation of a radiation trap. Carbonaceous materials are preferred for producing such entrapment. A further significant aspect is the discovery of a time-radiation dependency.

Abstract: Heat exfoliated hydrated magnesium aluminosilicates are treated with aqueous acidic solutions and subjected to controlled agitation to convert highly porous concertina-shaped granular hydrated magnesium aluminosilicates into groups of electrolyte insensitive platelets. Water slurries of the groups of platelets when dried form coherent, continuous sheets which when mechanically disintegrated may be reslurried in water. The modified magnesium aluminosilicates are adapted for use in fire retardant, loose fill cellulose insulation, paper and pulp products, coatings such as fire retardant, acoustic coatings, dog foods, defoliates and the like.

Abstract: A method for treating a phyllosilicate mineral by grinding a slurry of particles of the mineral in an organic medium and the product formed thereby are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating a phyllosilicate mineral by grinding a slurry of particles of the mineral in an organic medium and the product formed thereby are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and an apparatus to heat certain particles. These certain particles are heated to make them more desirable. In the heating of these particles, it is often desirable to expand the particles to make a light-weight aggregate. The light-weight aggregate may be used in making a building material or the like. In carrying out the process of heating these particles, there is used air for combustion of the combustible fuel and only a minimum of air for carrying of the particles or expansion of the particles.

Abstract: A composition comprising water, food compatible acid and porous rhyolite carrier, and a method of treating used fryer cooking oil are disclosed.

Abstract: A free-flowing, dry powder composition comprising vermiculite lamellae (delaminated vermiculite); preferably the composition contains a solid particulate additive such as magnesium oxide.

Abstract: A fine-grain crystalline mineral selected from the group consisting of vermiculite and hydro-mica is contacted with water to swell the fine grain mineral and the swollen mineral is thereafter comminuted under conditions preserving its crystalline structure to provide a reversibly swellable tri-laminar mineral which is crystalline over a large area and in which the crystal layers or laminations are separated from one another.

Abstract: A composition comprising vermiculite lamellae (delaminated vermiculite) and one or more solid particulate materials which have a basic reaction in water, especially magnesium oxide. These particulate additives improve the physical properties of vermiculite articles especially the compressive strength and stability to water of foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vermicular expanded graphite composite material and to an improved method for preparing such material by blending vermicular expanded graphite with a corrosion resistant resin dispersed in a carrier, vaporizing the carrier, and heating the composite material to sinter the resin. Compressed forms of the composite material are useful for protecting corrosion vulnerable substrates.

Abstract: A process for the gas and liquid-permeable encrusting, pilling and granulating of seed material with the utilization of a three-layer mineral as a laminar coating material which is expandable under the effect of a liquid; the three-layer mineral being constituted of vermiculite or hydrous mica to form the basic material and providing a fine-grained reversibly expandable coating material when applied onto the seed, and which rapidly absorbs and gives off polar liquids such as water. The basic material consists of particles in the form of extremely thin, uniformly even platelets which comprise over 50% of the basic material.

Abstract: A smoke filter for removing injurious components from the smoke. Comprises a fiber matrix in conjunction with a water-swellable synthetic mica. The fiber matrix may be made of cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose, or the like. The water-swellable synthetic mica is of the general formulaW.sub.1/3 to 1 (X,Y).sub.2.5 to 3 (Si.sub.4 O.sub.10)F.sub.2wherein W is Na or Li cation, and X and Y represent 6-coordinate ions, for example, Mg and Li. Suitable synthetic micas include Na-tetrasilicic mica, Na-taeniolite, Li-taeniolite, Na-hectorite, and Li-hectorite.

Abstract: Multivalent heavy metal ions are removed from metal plating waste streams by passing them through an unexpanded vermiculite cation exchange column. The column is effective to remove copper, zinc, and nickel ions and mixtures thereof. Where cyanide and cyanide-metal complexes are also present in the plating waste stream, the stream is pretreated to destroy the cyanide and cyanide complexes prior to passage through the ion exchange column.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vermicular expanded graphite composite material and to an improved method for preparing such material by blending vermicular expanded graphite with a corrosion resistant resin dispersed in a carrier, vaporizing the carrier, and heating the composite material to sinter the resin. Compressed forms of the composite material are useful for protecting corrosion vulnerable substrates.

Abstract: The thermal insulation in the bottom of an electrolytic cell for the production of metal by electrolysis of metal ore or ore derivatives is protected from attack by the corrosive elements in the electrolytic bath. The protection is provided by a layer of graphite sheet formed from expanded graphite which is placed on top of the insulation. Preferably the graphite rests on a thin steel sheet.

Abstract: Novel fluoride salts of carbon are prepared by contacting carbon with elemental fluorine and certain Lewis acids. These salts can be used in forming exfoliated graphite and isomerization catalysts.

Abstract: Finely-divided graphite flake is heated to a high temperature in the presence of boron or a boron-containing compound to cause the boron to permeate the crystal structure of the flake, which is then subjected to an intercalating agent and rapidly heated, resulting in an expanded or vermicular graphite with a bulk density substantially less than what might be expected if the flake were not pretreated with boron. The expanded graphite then is compressed to form a preform that is reduced in thickness by rolling or molding to form a higher-strength flexible graphite foil than heretofore.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a tetra-silicic mica having the formula Na.sub.0.6 - 0.8 Mg.sub.2.6 - 2.7 (Si.sub.4 O.sub.10)F.sub.2 which comprises mixing components selected from the group of sodium fluoride (NaF, sodium silicofluoride (Na.sub.2 SiF.sub.6), magnesium fluoride (MgF.sub.2), magnesia (MgO) and silica (SiO.sub.2) in a mole ratio of (a) 1 - 1.2 NaF : 0.5 - 1.2 MgF.sub.2 : 2 MgO : 4 SiO.sub.2 or (b) 0.5 - 0.8 Na.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 : 0.5 - 1.2 MgF.sub.2 : 2 MgO : 4 SiO.sub.2, melting the mixture at a temperature of 1300.degree. C to 1500.degree. C and cooling the melt to obtain a crystal.This invention further relates to a water sol of flake-like ultra-fine particles of tetra-silicic mica produced in accordance with claim 1, wherein most of the flake-like particles dispersed in water have a thickness of less than 50 A and an average diameter of the flat plane of between 500 A and 3000 A.

Abstract: A silicone resin base fire retardant system having a temperature capability at least to about 450.degree. F (230.degree. C) combines intumescent characteristics with a crusting and charring capability through use of a combination of an oxide of iron and a phosphate of potassium for crusting, along with a charring material such as tripentaerythritol and a blowing agent, such as melamine, in a silicone resin base to allow for adequate expansion.

Abstract: A rotary inclined tubular drier for puffing or expanding borax and a process for the production of puffed or expanded borax beads of desired physical characteristics. A rotatable tube is mounted on bearing wheels and surrounded by a fixed, close-fitting, insulated tube having electrical heating elements running lengthwise attached to its inside wall. The rotatable tube is fed continuously with granular borax feedstock by a vibratory feeder from its higher end and the puffed borax is discharged into a discharge chute from the lower end of the tube. A counter current of dry air is maintained by a suction hood at the high end of the tube, and borax is prevented from adhering to the interior of the tube by an adjustable, spring-loaded, internal scraper. The temperature of the drier is controlled by means of a pyrometer incorporated into a scraper support rod on the interior of the tube.

Abstract: A foam and flame-breakable resin composition comprising a non-inflammable agent, an auxiliary non-inflammable agent, a foaming agent, an ash coagulating agent and a resin system consisting essentially of a blend of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate having a high melt viscosity with the vinyl acetate content being between 40 to 80 weight percent and the molecular weight being more than 200,000, and polyvinyl chloride in a ratio of copolymer to polyvinyl chloride of 2:8 to 7:3. The composition may be further subjected to vulcanization treatment.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a limited specie of glassy rhyolite, specifically pumicite as a filter aid for the cleaning of solvent in the drycleaning industry. The invention is particularly directed to the new and unexpected results accruing from the use of pumicite for accomplishing extremely low, non-volatile levels in the solvent and for also removing objectionable fatty acids and odor from the solvent while simultaneously making its distillation unnecessary and removing sufficient moisture to give clothes a softer feel, and fewer wrinkles.

Abstract: A silicone resin base fire retardant system having a temperature capability at least to about 450.degree.F (230.degree.C) combines intumescent characteristics with a crusting and charring capability through use of a combination of an oxide of iron and a phosphate of potassium for crusting, along with a charring material such as tripentaerythritol and a blowing agent, such as melamine, in a silicone resin base to allow for adequate expansion.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for increasing the volume yield of expanded vermiculite obtained by exfoliation of vermiculite ore particles. The method comprises the sequential steps of applying vegetable oil to the vermiculite ore particles and thermally exfoliating the vermiculite ore particles.