Abstract: The present invention relates to extraction of phytosterols from alkaline tall oil soap which is obtained from the Kraft process black liquor by skimming. In the method according to the present invention, phytosterols are extracted using dibromomethane, bromoform, tetrabromomethane or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for stabilising fatty acids present in a sample such as bodily fluids. The present invention further relates to a solid medium which is capable of stabilising fatty acids applied thereto, and a method for preparing same. The present invention further relates to a method for determining the fatty acid composition of a sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of fruit skin extracts as corrosion inhibitors, more particularly to the use of the skin of fruits such as mango, cashew, passion-fruit and orange, inter alia, more specifically as corrosion inhibitors for steel in an acid medium, preferably carbon steel 1020 in a 1 mole/L?1 hydrochloric acid medium, and also for various types of steel, metals such as copper and copper alloys, inter alia, in neutral and basic media, and to the process for producing same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition containing a first component selected from the group consisting of at least one polyphenol, at least one phenolic diterpene and mixtures of both, at least one glyceride, at least one hydrophilic emulsifier and at least one hydrophobic emulsifier, and also to the use of this mixture as lipophilic antioxidant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition containing a first component selected from the group consisting of at least one polyphenol, at least one phenolic diterpene and combinations thereof, (b) at least one glyceride, (c) at least one hydrophilic emulsifier, and (d) at least one hydrophobic emulsifier. Also disclosed is the use of this composition as a lipophilic antioxidant.

Abstract: A composition is provided that includes extracts of green tea and rosemary extract optionally along with adjuvant and/or excipient. In addition, provided is a process for the preparation of said composition. Also provided is a composition including extract of green tea, rosemary extract and synthetic antioxidant optionally along with adjuvant and/or excipient.

Abstract: Methods for protecting fruit, vegetables and ornamentals against post harvest microbial decay by applying systemic acquired resistance inducers in combination with sorbic acid, and/or one or more of its alkali metal salts, and/or phosphorous acid, and/or one or more of its alkali metal salts.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a uricase inhibitor for preventing ammonia generation from uric acid. Specifically, the present invention relates to a uricase inhibitor comprising at least one uricase-inhibiting substance selected from the group consisting of eucalyptus, a eucalyptus extract, bamboo vinegar, and corn steep liquor.

Abstract: The invention relates to preservatives and antimicrobial agents including extracts derived from sugar cane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions with effective metal chelating activity and utility as natural antioxidants in food, beverages, nutritional supplements and cosmetics. The compositions of the present invention may be prepared by enzymatically hydrolyzing hypoallergenic protein isolates derived from vegetables, for example yellow pea (Pisum sativum), and/or grains using specific enzymes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wood preservative, which wood preservative contains vegetable oils processed from crude tall oil, such as resin acids and fatty acids. The wood preservative according to the invention is characterized by that the wood preservative is crude tall oil, from which have been removed neutral components contained by the crude tall oil, especially compounds acting as the breeding ground and nutriment of rot fungi and/or compounds causing esterification reactions, such as fatty alcohols and/or steroid groups, such as sitosterol and sitostanol. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing wood preservative according to the invention.

Abstract: A substratum composition derived entirely from naturally occurring ingredients chosen for their detoxifying, cleansing, and rejuvenating properties, and blended in effective proportions. Additionally, composition constituents are scrutinized and screened for environmental neutrality, thereby eliminating traditional impacts on community watersheds. The all-natural composition may serve as a substratum for a variety of personal hygiene, haircare, skincare, and cosmetic products.

Abstract: The invention provides a deterioration inhibitor with an even stronger effect than the prior art against deterioration of flavors and fragrances in foods and beverages or cosmetics, which is attributed to heat, light and the like, and especially against production of deterioration odors derived from citral. It is a food flavor deterioration inhibiting material comprising as an effective component a product obtained by treatment of a tea extract component with an oxidizing enzyme. Addition of a deterioration inhibiting material according to the invention to a food or beverage or a cosmetic can inhibit deterioration of flavor and fragrance, with use in smaller amounts than conventional deterioration inhibitors. A particularly notable effect is exhibited against production of p-cresol and p-methylacetophenone which are citral-derived deterioration odor components, and therefore it is suitable for foods and beverages or cosmetics with citral-containing citrus-like flavors and fragrances.

Abstract: The invention describes reduced sesame seed derived pigments and methods to prepare such pigments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel microorganisms having the efficiency of removing an offensive odor from organic waste and the use thereof. More particularly, the novel microorganisms have the effects of preventing or removing the offensive odor from organic waste, killing insects and fungi, preventing decomposition, and promoting digestion and fermentation. The inventive microorganisms have the effects of preventing or removing the offensive odor from organic waste and killing noxious insects and plant pathogenic fungi, can be used as feed additives and antibiotic substitutes, and also are useful for the preparation of fermented healthy foods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition containing a first component selected from the group consisting of at least one polyphenol, at least one phenolic diterpene and mixtures of both, at least one glyceride, at least one hydrophilic emulsifier and at least one hydrophobic emulsifier, and also to the use of this mixture as lipophilic antioxidant.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenging composition being an oxidizable ascorbic acid derivative, a multi-copper oxidase enzyme, and a free fatty acid wherein the enzyme is disposed upon the surface of the oxidizable ascorbic acid derivative, and wherein the free fatty acid is intermixed with the oxidizable ascorbic acid derivative. The invention extends to a coating composition thereof and a package or container containing the oxygen scavenging composition.

Abstract: By suppressing oxidation of sulfide minerals in sulfide ore due to bacteria or the like, this invention prevents the elution of heavy metals from the sulfide ore, and reduces the decrease in flotation performance when processing sulfide ore that is stored in a stockpile. Also, the invention makes it easier to process acidic wastewater from a stockpile or tailings dumpsite. In order to accomplish this, oxidation of sulfide minerals in sulfide ore is suppressed by adding an antioxidant, which contains plant polyphenol and whose main component is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group, to the sulfide ore stored in a stockpile or tailings dumpsite.

Abstract: A biodegradable scale and corrosion inhibiting composition includes between about 50 and about 90% by weight of a protein polymer that is derived from a natural source, and between about 10 and about 20% by weight of the alkali salts of gluconic acid.

Abstract: A process and formulation for pre-treating a cellulosic, or cellulosic blend with synthetic fiber, substrate, achieving sufficient clearness and appropriate absorbency prior to dyeing the substrate. The process having the steps of: providing a vessel; providing a cellulosic, or their blends with synthetic fiber, substrate; providing a water bath; adding an active amount of an activating compound selected from the group of: salts of organic acids, organic amine derivatives, transitional metals salts and complexes, pigments, and combinations thereof; adding an active amount of caustic soda; adding an active amount of hydrogen peroxide; achieving a pH from about 6.0 to about 9.0 at the end of the bleaching cycle; heating the water bath to a temperature in excess of 50 degrees centigrade for a pre-determined period of time; and dropping the bath.

Abstract: Antioxidant coating compositions containing 10-75 wt % H2O, 20-65 wt % H3PO4, 0.1-20 wt % alkali metal mono-, di-, or tri-basic phosphate, 0-2 wt % hydrated boron oxide, 0-18 wt % KH2PO4, 3-10 wt % of a transition metal oxide, and 0-20 wt % hydrated manganese phosphate, 0-25 wt % Al(H2PO4)3, and 0-10 wt % Zn3(PO4)2, provided that at least one of Al(H2PO4)3, Zn3(PO4)2, and hydrated manganese phosphate is present. Also, brake discs made from carbon composite articles having their surface treated with certain antioxidant coatings. During a manufacturing process, carbon matrix 15 of brake disc 11 is covered on its outer and inner edges with antioxidant layers 19 and portions of the working surface of brake disc 11 may also be covered with antioxidant layers 13, potentially decreasing the fitness of the brake disc for service. In accordance with this invention, brake disc 12 is manufactured from brake disc 11 by the removal from its working surface of antioxidant layers 13.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymerization inhibitor comprising at least one compound (a) selected from the group consisting of a compound having an NO radical in its molecule and a precursor compound capable of forming an NO radical, and a phosphorus-containing compound (b), wherein a weight ratio of the compound (a) to the phosphorus-containing compound (b) is 1:10 to 100:1. Specifically, the invention provides a method for inhibiting the polymerization of at least one monomer (c) selected from the group consisting of a conjugated diene, an aromatic vinyl, an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile and an &agr;-olefin, comprising causing the polymerization inhibitor to coexist with the monomer (c), and a polymerization-inhibiting composition comprising the polymerization inhibitor and the monomer (c).

Abstract: For producing an exposure pattern on a curved, in particular concave substrate field of a substrate which comprises a layer of resist material sensitive to exposure to an energetic radiation, in a pattern transfer system a wide, substantially parallel beam of said energetic radiation is produced, and by means of said beam a planar mask having a structure pattern, namely, a set of transparent windows to form a structured beam, is illuminated and the structure pattern is imaged onto the substrate by means of the structured beam, producing a pattern image, namely, a spatial distribution of irradiation over the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of producing plant proteins for use in nutritional products that have reduced levels of phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides. More specifically, this invention is directed to a method of using ion exchange technology to remove phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides from plant proteins. This invention is also directed to the plant protein product resulting from the inventive process and to nutritional products that use the plant protein product as a source of amino nitrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a completely water-soluble and long shelf-life antioxidant material comprising sodium rosmarinate, which has been extracted from tissue of plants of the Labiatae family without the necessity of adding extraneous sodium ions, and aqueous solutions comprising the antioxidant material, to sodium rosmarinate isolated from the extracted antioxidant material, to rosmarinic acid salts other than the sodium salt, or admixtures thereof with the sodium salt, obtained by cation-exchange with thus-isolated sodium rosmarinate, and to a process for preparing completely water-soluble antioxidant material comprising the sodium salt of rosmarinic acid, and its aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing aromatic compounds or polymers thereof from a plant material in a short period of time and by a simple procedure. Concretely, the process treats the plant material with supercritical water or subcritical water to liberate aromatic compounds, which are contained in the plant material, and/or aromatic compounds, which have been generated upon decomposition of components of the plant material, to the outside of the plant material, and isolates the liberated aromatic compounds to produce aromatic compounds or polymers thereof.

Abstract: A method for confirming the presence of highly refined sesame oil in pharmaceuticals. By extracting, concentrating and detecting sesamin and epi-sesamin, through the method disclosed in the present invention, highly refined sesame oil can be identified. The disclosed method can be performed at room temperature and does not require over night extraction. In practice, the disclosed method entails extracting sesamin from a sample with an organic solvent, transferring and evaporating the solvent layer to dryness to form a residue. An alkyl halide is added to the residue to form a mixture. The mixture and an organic solvent are passed through a separating means, generating an eluent, the eluent is then evaporated to dryness to form a second residue. A 1:1 solution of an organic solvent and an alkyl halide is added to the second residue in a volume sufficient to form a concentrated extract. The concentrated extract is then analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of producing plant proteins for use in nutritional products that have reduced levels of phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides. More specifically, this invention is directed to a method of using ion exchange technology to remove phytoestrogens, manganese or nucleotides from plant proteins. This invention is also directed to the plant protein product resulting from the inventive process and to nutritional products that use the plant protein product as a source of amino nitrogen.

Abstract: An aglucone is isoflavone enriched vegetable protein extract and protein material are provided, as well as a high genistein content material and a high daidzein content material. Isoflavone conjugates in a vegetable material are converted to isoflavone glucosides by treating the vegetable material at a temperature and a pH for a period of time sufficient to effect the conversion. The isoflavone glycosides are converted to glucose isoflavones by enzymatic reaction. The vegetable material is extracted with an aqueous extractant having a pH above about the isoelectric point of protein in the vegetable material to extract protein and the isoflavones either before or after conversion of the isoflavone conjugates to isoflavone glucosides or the conversion of the isoflavone glucosides to aglucone isoflavones. An aglucone isoflavone enriched protein material is produced by precipitating the protein and aglucone isoflavones from the extract.

Abstract: An oil containing a spice extract which has antioxidant activity is prepared by mixing a spice extract contained in a polar solvent with an oil, evaporating the polar solvent from the mixture, adding a non-polar solvent to the mixture, to dilute the mixture and to precipitate constituents of the mixture, and stirring to obtain a homogenized non-polar solvent/extract/oil mixture, separating precipitate from that mixture and then evaporating the non-polar solvent phase to obtain an oil containing spice extract. The oil containing the spice extract may be mixed with further polar solvent containing the spice extract, after which the process is repeated to enrich the final oil product with spice extract.

Abstract: A method for producing a relatively low viscosity tannin extract from bark and/or wood and suitable for use in formaldehyde-condensation adhesives comprises providing tannin extract obtained from bark and/or wood, separating from the tannin extract the high molecular weight material, subjecting the high molecular weight material to treatment with one or more sulphite compounds to reduce the molecular weight and recombining the sulphited material with the tannin extract. The tannin extract may be recovered by subjecting bark and/or wood to a first stage hot aqueous tannin extraction process, thereby obtaining a first stage tannin extract, subjecting the extracted bark and/or wood to a second stage hot aqueous extraction process at a higher pH than the first stage, thereby obtaining a second stage tannin extract, and optionally recombining the first and second stage tannin extracts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aglucone isoflavone enriched vegetable protein fiber wherein a vegetable protein material is extracted to form a slurry of protein, fiber and glucone isoflavones. The pH of the slurry is adjusted to about 6 to 8 and the slurry reacted with a beta glucosidase to convert the glucone isoflavones in said slurry to aglucone isoflavones. The fiber fraction is then recovered from the slurry by centrifugation or similar means to provide an aglucone enriched fiber.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger for a boiler water system comprising a starch derivative in which 0.01 to 5% by weight of sulfur- or nitrogen-containing groups, as S or N, are introduced to a starch with DE (dextrose equivalent) of 1% or higher, as well as a method of scavenging dissolved oxygen in a boiler water system by adding the oxygen scavenger for a boiler water system to a boiler water system.

Abstract: A process of preparing an alkaline solution of Labiatae antioxidants essentially free of lipids by agitating a solvent extract of the herb with an aqueous alkaline lower-aliphatic alcoholic or polyol solution thereof, separating the aqueous phase from the insoluble phase, and removing the alcohol from the aqueous phase by distillation to give a stable product with an antioxidant strength of 0.2 or more, having a pH above about 8.4, and having less than 75% water, preferably in the presence of a water-immiscible solvent, and a stable aqueous antioxidant solution of a Labiatae extract, consisting essentially of essentially all of the antioxidant substances present in the herb, which is preferably rosemary, sage, or thyme, with an antioxidant strength of 0.2 or more, and less than about 75% water, preferably having a pH between about 8.4 and about 11.

Abstract: A process of preparing an alkaline solution of Labiatae antioxidants essentially free of lipids by agitating a solvent extract of the herb with an aqueous alkaline lower-aliphatic alcoholic or polyol solution thereof, separating the aqueous phase from the insoluble phase, and removing the alcohol from the aqueous phase by distillation to give a stable product with an antioxidant strength of 0.2 or more, having a pH above about 8.4, and having less than 75% water, preferably in the presence of a water-immiscible solvent, and a stable aqueous antioxidant solution of a Labiatae extract, consisting essentially of essentially all of the antioxidant substances present in the herb, which is preferably rosemary, sage, or thyme, with an antioxidant strength of 0.2 or more, and less than about 75% water, preferably having a pH between about 8.4 and about 11.

Abstract: Superior oil-soluble antioxidants are produced by the vacuum steam distillation of alcohol extracts of spent black tea or spent green tea or even the tea itself.

Abstract: An antioxidant composition is obtained by subjecting a spice to at least one extraction with a non-polar solvent, after which the residue from the spice thus extracted is subjected to at least one extraction with a polar solvent and the extract obtained from each extraction with the polar solvent is concentrated and dried to obtain the antioxidant. Additionally, the extract obtained from the non-polar solvent extractions may be mixed with a basic aqueous solution, after which the aqueous phase of the mixture is acidified and then extracted with dichloromethane, and the extract so obtained may be combined with the extract obtained from the polar solvent extractions, concentrated and then dried.

Abstract: A process of preparing an alkaline solution of Labiatae antioxidants essentially free of lipids by agitating a solvent extract of the herb with an aqueous alkaline lower-aliphatic alcoholic or polyol solution thereof, separating the aqueous phase from the insoluble phase, and removing the alcohol from the aqueous phase by distillation to give a stable product with an antioxidant strength of 0.2 or more, having a pH above about 8.4, and having less than 75% having, preferably in the presence of a water-immiscible solvent, and a stable aqueous antioxidant solution of a Labiatae extract, consisting essentially of essentially all of the antioxidant substances present in the herb, which is preferably rosemary, sage, or thyme, with an antioxidant strength of 0.2 or more, and less than about 75% water, preferably having a pH between about 8.4 and about 11.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ethylene removal agent, a postharvest preservation agent to keep freshness of vegetables, fruits and flowers, and a deodorant comprising (A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, hypochlorous acid and salts of these acids, and (B) specified metal(s) or compound(s) of metal.

Abstract: An herb extract, particularly a member of the Labiatae family of herbs, and especially a rosemary or sage extract, made with acceptable food-grade solvents, in a form which is completely oil soluble, devoid of pro-oxidant materials, and decolorized and if desired deflavorized, to provide an improved form of herb flavoring and/or antioxidant, is disclosed. A process for transforming a crude herb extract into the new form, using food-grade solvents and without chemical modification, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Phenol-type natural antioxidative materials containing analogs of sesamin or sesamolin are manufactured by processing a processed sesame speed product with an acid catalyst and subsequently condensing and separating the desired materials by a physical means such as extraction, distillation and adsorption.

Abstract: A process for producing a natural antioxidant from tea leaves comprising treating said tea leaves with a solvent selected from the group consisting of hot water (preferably 80.degree. C.-100.degree. C.), a 40-75% aqueous solution of methanol, a 40-75% aqueous solution of ethanol and a 30-80% aqueous solution of acetone to obtain an extract-containing solution; washing the extract-containing solution with chloroform to obtain a washed extract; combining the washed extract with an organic solvent to transfer said washed extract into said organic solvent; removing the organic solvent; and drying the resulting extract. The invention also provides the natural antioxidant produced by the aforesaid process.

Abstract: The additive for Otto cycle engines according to the present invention consists of a mixture of water, ethanol, methanol and butanol to which is added a determined quantity of a liquid obtained by pressing prickly pear leaves. Added in a small percentage to the fuel, gasoline, LP or methane, this additive prevents the oxidation associated with the use of water and/or alcohols in Otto cycle engines, lowers fuel consumption and allows the use of low octane fuel.

Abstract: Thus, the invention relates to compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R is aromatic, preferably phenylene, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl, R.sub.3 denotes methyl or ethyl, x and z together denote a number from 2 to 360, preferably from 2 to 140, y denotes a number from 15 to 70, preferably 25 to 60, n denotes a number from 1 to 10 and A.sup.- denotes an anion, preferably chloride or bromide, a process for their preparation and their use as demulsifiers for demulsifying crude oil emulsions and as corrosion inhibitors in equipment for lifting and processing natural gas and crude oil.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel antioxidant obtained from rosemary and suitable for preventing oxidation of various organic materials or, in particular, oleaginous foodstuffs. The antioxidant is prepared by extracting rosemary with a non-polar organic solvent and further extracting the thus extracted material with an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH of at least 10.5 as a weakly acidic fraction soluble in such a strongly alkaline solution. The extraction with the non-polar organic solvent is preferably preceded or followed by steam distillation in order to remove any spicy volatile materials undesirable when the antioxidant is added to foodstuffs or the like. Column chromatographic separation of the above obtained weakly acidic fraction into components gives a novel compound 7.beta.,11,12-trihydroxy-6,10-(epoxymethano)abieta-8,11,13-trien-20-one as the effective ingredient of the antioxidant prepared from rosemary. Characterization of the above novel compound is given.

Abstract: A process for producing a preservative having anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial action comprises steps of: preparing a starting material selected from the group consisting of herb family spices, residues obtained after the recovery of essential oils from herb family spices, oleoresins extracted from herb family spices with a polar solvent, and oleoresins extracted from herb family spices with a non-polar solvent and associated residues; subjecting the starting material to extraction with a solvent mixture of polar and non-polar solvents, the ratio by volume of the polar solvent to the non-polar solvent ranging from 2:98 to 50:50; and recovering an extractive to obtain a preservative by distilling off the solvents from said extractive.

Abstract: Fried foods are produced by adding an antioxidant to a frying oil and then frying a desired food stuff therein at 100.degree.-250.degree. C. The antioxidant is obtained by subjecting a starting material, selected from the group consisting of herb family spices, residues obtained after the recovery of essential oils from herb family spices, oleoresins obtained from the extraction of herb family spices with a polar solvent, and oleoresins and extracted residues obtained from the extraction of herb family spices with a non-polar solvent, to an extraction treatment with a polar solvent to obtain an extract, decoloring the extract with an adsorbent, concentrating the extract after separation of the adsorbent, forming an aqueous dispersion from the concentrate, steam distilling the aqueous dispersion to produce a steam distilled residue and recovering an insoluble part from the steam distilled residue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a fraction containing oxidation-inhibiting substances from a vegetable material rich in these substances, to the fraction thus obtained and to its use for stabilizing food and cosmetic products against oxidation. The process is characterized in that the previously ground vegetable material or an extract of this vegetable material obtained with a light solvent, a distillation vehicle and an oil are mixed, the suspension is subjected to molecular distillation and a condensate containing the oxidation-inhibiting principles, the distillation vehicle and some of the oil used is collected.

Abstract: Antioxidant compositions, useful for preventing deterioration of oils and fats in food products, are prepared by a two-stage extraction from rosemary or sage. A crude product is first extracted from the plant material with a low-boiling solvent separable by evaporation, and is then found to be separable from contaminants that cause objectionable taste or odor, by vacuum steam or molecular distillation, with the antioxidant in a suitable oil carrier, and with the contaminants removed in vapor state. A special purification of the extract, for a product of very high purity except for some flavor or odor for which distillation may be needed, is attainable by chromatography, wherein the antioxidant material favors solvents of greater polarity than solvents in which other materials are eluted.

Abstract: Stabilizing compositions comprising at least one triaryl phosphite, trialkyl phosphite or mixtures thereof and at least one modified lignin, the weight ratio of the phosphite to modified lignin is from 97/3 to 10/90. The modified lignins are produced by heat treating lignins in the presence of a nucleophile, such that a portion of the original guaiacyl structures are converted to catechols via a demethylation reaction. Elastomers may be protected against atmospheric degradation by the addition thereto of 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.25 to 2.0 parts, per 100 parts of elastomer of the stabilizing composition.