Abstract: A method of making a hot surface igniter is described. A silicon carbide composition that includes both fines fraction and a coarse fraction is sintered in a nitrogen and argon reducing atmosphere in a manner that controls the incorporation of nitrogen with in the lattice of recrystallized silicon carbide. The controlled incorporation of nitrogen in the lattice provides enhanced control over heating and electrical properties, while simultaneously achieving a lower surface area fully recrystallized structure for oxidation resistance and long service life.

Abstract: The present invention concerns electrode materials capable of redox reactions by electron and alkali-ion exchange with an electrolyte. The applications are in the field of primary (batteries) or secondary electrochemical generators, supercapacitors and light modulating systems of the electrochromic type.

Abstract: The disclosure provides novel graphene-reinforced ceramic composites and methods for making such composite materials.

Abstract: Anode active materials and methods of preparing the same are provided. One anode active material includes a carbonaceous material capable of improving battery cycle characteristics. The carbonaceous material bonds to and coats metal active material particles and fibrous metallic particles to suppress volumetric changes.

Abstract: A metal oxide-carbon composite includes a carbon aerogel with an oxide overcoat. The metal oxide-carbon composite is made by providing a carbon aerogel, immersing the carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum, raising the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol to atmospheric pressure, curing the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol at room temperature, and drying the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol to produce the metal oxide-carbon composite. The step of providing a carbon aerogel can provide an activated carbon aerogel or provide a carbon aerogel with carbon nanotubes that make the carbon aerogel mechanically robust.

Abstract: A subject-matter of the invention is a novel process for the preparation of sulphur-modified monolithic porous carbon-based materials by impregnation with a strong sulphur-based acid, the materials capable of being obtained according to this process and the use of these materials with improved supercapacitance properties to produce electrodes intended for energy storage systems. Electrodes composed of sulphur-modified monolithic porous carbon-based materials according to the invention and lithium batteries and supercapacitors having such electrodes also form part of the invention.

Abstract: A composite material having utility as an anode for lithium ion batteries comprises silicon, a transition metal, a ceramic and an electrically conductive diluent such as carbon. In particular instances, the ceramic is electrically conductive, and may comprise vanadium carbide or tungsten carbide. The transition metal may, in some instances, comprise iron. The material may be fabricated by grinding together a starting mixture of the components, and grinding may be accomplished in a high impact ball milling process, and the grinding step may cause partial alloying of the silicon with the metal and/or carbon. Further disclosed is a method for making the material as well as electrodes which incorporate the material.

Abstract: A composition of graphene-based nanomaterials and a method of preparing the composition are provided. A carbon-based precursor is dissolved in water to form a precursor suspension. The precursor suspension is placed onto a substrate, thereby forming a precursor assembly. The precursor assembly is annealed, thereby forming the graphene-based nanomaterials. The graphene-based nanomaterials are crystallographically ordered at least in part and configured to form a plurality of diffraction rings when probed by an incident electron beam. In one aspect, the graphene-based nanomaterials are semiconducting. In one aspect, a method of engineering an energy bandgap of graphene monoxide generally includes providing at least one atomic layer of graphene monoxide having a first energy bandgap, and applying a substantially planar strain is applied to the graphene monoxide, thereby tuning the first energy band gap to a second energy bandgap.

Abstract: A method of: supplying sources of carbon and silicon into a chemical vapor deposition chamber; collecting exhaust gases from the chamber; performing mass spectrometry on the exhaust gases; and correlating a partial pressure of a carbon species in the exhaust gases to a carbon:silicon ratio in the chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to ground expanded graphite agglomerate compositions, methods for making such agglomerates, their use as conductive additive, and conductive composites including such ground expanded graphite agglomerates. The disclosure also pertains to methods for making such composites and the use of such composites in preparing thermally conductive materials. The agglomerates may be characterized by a certain softness allowing the agglomerates to dissolve, e.g., through shear forces applied during compounding, thereby leading to an improved feedability and a highly homogenous distribution of the expanded graphite material in the composite matrix.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having the composition formula SiaSnbNicTiyMmCz, wherein a, b, c, y, m and z represent atomic % values, wherein M is either one of more of Fe, Cr and Co, and wherein a>0, b>0, z>0, y?0, 0?m?1, c>5, z+0.5*b>a and c+y>0.75*b. The process for preparing the active material comprises the steps of:—providing a mixture of elemental and/or alloyed powders of the elements in the composition SiaSnbNicTiyMmCz, and—high energy milling under non-oxidizing conditions of the powder mixture.

Abstract: A thermal neutron shield comprising concrete with a high percentage of the element Boron. The concrete is least 54% Boron by weight which maximizes the effectiveness of the shielding against thermal neutrons. The accompanying method discloses the manufacture of Boron loaded concrete which includes enriching the concrete mixture with varying grit sizes of Boron Carbide.

Abstract: Provided is a negative-electrode material powder used for a lithium-ion secondary battery having a large discharge capacity and sufficient cycle characteristics as being durable in use. The powder for the battery includes a conductive carbon film on a lower silicon oxide powder, surface and satisfies requirements that: Si in SiC is 15.1 wt % or less in content, or A3 (=A2?A1) is 15.1 or less, given A1 (wt %): Si content measured by acid solution process, and A2 (wt %): Si content measured by alkali solution process; and a specific resistance is 30,000 ?cm or less. In the lower silicon oxide powder, a maximum value P1 of SiOx-derived halos appearing at 2?=10° to 30° and a value P2 of the strongest line peak of Si (111) appearing at 2?=28.4±0.3°, in XRD using CuK? beam, preferably satisfy P2/P1<0.01. The content of tar component is preferably 1 ppm or more and 4,000 ppm or less.

Abstract: Composite materials comprising titanium diboride, silicon carbide and carbon-containing scavenger additions are useful in electrolytic aluminum production cells. The carbon-containing scavenger additions may include tungsten carbide, boron carbide and/or carbon. The amounts of titanium diboride, silicon carbide and carbon-containing scavenger are controlled in order to provide optimum perfonnance. The titanium diboride/silicon carbide composite materials may be used as cathodes in electrolytic aluminum production cells and are electrically conductive, exhibit desirable aluminum wetting behavior, and are capable of withstanding exposure to molten cryolite, molten aluminum and oxygen at elevated temperatures during operation of such cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing silicon, preferably solar silicon, using novel high-purity graphite mouldings, especially graphite electrodes, and to an industrial process for production of the novel graphite mouldings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrode materials for charged electrical cells, comprising at least one polymer comprising polysulfide bridges, and carbon in a polymorph comprising at least 60% sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. The present invention further relates to electrical cells comprising the inventive electrode material, to specific polymers comprising polysulfide bridges, to processes for preparation thereof and to the use of the inventive cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing electrically conductive bonds between solar cells, in which an adhesive comprising electrically conductive particles is first transferred from a carrier to the substrate by irradiating the carrier with a laser, the adhesive transferred to the substrate is partly dried and/or cured to form an adhesive layer, in a further step the adhesive is bonded to an electrical connection, and finally the adhesive layer is cured. The invention further relates to an adhesive for performing the process, comprising 20 to 98% by weight of electrically conductive particles, 0.01 to 60% by weight of an organic binder component used as a matrix material, based in each case on the solids content of the adhesive, 0.005 to 20% by weight of absorbent based on the weight of the conductive particles in the adhesive, and 0 to 50% by weight of a dispersant and 1 to 20% by weight of solvent, based in each case on the total mass of the undried and uncured adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite material comprising a ceramic component, characterized in that it has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion, and carbon nanofilaments, to its obtainment process and to its uses as electrical conductor in microelectronics, precision optics, aeronautics and aerospace.

Abstract: A carbonaceous substrate of the present invention is such that an X-ray diffraction pattern thereof is a complex profile and includes at least two (002) diffraction lines; and the substrates contains crystallites with different interlayer spacings. Further, in the X-ray diffraction pattern, (002) diffraction lines between 2?=10° and 2?=30° have an asymmetric shape; and the X-ray diffraction pattern includes at least two pattern components which are a diffraction line whose center is at 2?=26° and a diffraction line whose center is at a lower angle than 2?=26°. Further, the carbonaceous substrate contains crystals wherein the periodic distance d002 is 0.34 nm or more and the crystallite size Lc002 is 20 nm or less based on the X-ray diffraction lines. An electrodes for fluorine electrolysis of the present invention includes the carbonaceous substrate on which a conductive diamond thin film is formed.

Abstract: When treated with a halogen gas, a carbon material can inhibit emission of an impurity after the treatment. A method of manufacturing the carbon material is also provided. A carbon material is subjected to an annealing process under a reduced pressure of from 1 to 10000 Pa in a H2 gas atmosphere at 500° C. to 1200° C. The duration of the annealing process is from 1 minute to 20 hours. This makes it possible to control the concentration of the halogen emitted, such as chlorine, to 5 ppb or less.

Abstract: The present invention concerns electrode materials capable of redox reactions by electron and alkali-ion exchange with an electrolyte. The applications are in the field of primary (batteries) or secondary electrochemical generators, supercapacitors and light modulating systems of the electrochromic type.

Abstract: An energy storage composite particle is provided, which includes a carbon film, a conductive carbon component, an energy storage grain, and a conductive carbon fiber. The carbon film surrounds a space. The conductive carbon component and the energy storage grain are disposed in the space. The conductive carbon fiber is electrically connected to the conductive carbon component, the energy storage grain, and the carbon film, and the conductive carbon fiber extends from the inside of the space to the outside of the space. The energy storage composite particle has a high gravimetric capacity, a high coulomb efficiency, and a long cycle life. Furthermore, a battery negative electrode material and a battery using the energy storage composite particle are also provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor material for radiation absorption and detection comprising a composition of stoichiometry Li(M12+, M22+, M32+, . . . )(G1V, G2V, G3V, . . . ) and exhibiting an antifluorite-type order, where Li=1, (M12++M22++M32++ . . . )=1, and (G1V+G2V+G3V+ . . . )=1. The material provides two useful characteristics: [1] a high Li-site density, which when enriched in 6Li, produces exceptional neutron-absorbing capabilities and [2] a semiconducting band-gap for the efficient conversion of absorbed photon and neutron energies into electrical currents. These characteristics can be exploited in applications for power generation or the spectroscopic detection of gamma and neutron radiation. The material can be tailored so as to detect only gamma photons, detect only neutron particles, or simultaneously detect gamma photons and neutron particles.

Abstract: Composite structures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal carbides include a helical nanotube/carbide composite fiber, and a film. The composite fiber was prepared by pulling/twisting carbon nanotubes from an array of nanotubes to form an as-spun fiber and soaking it a metal precursor solution, and then heating it under a reducing atmosphere with a carbon source. The composite fiber had a higher tensile strength, a higher conductivity, and a higher tensile modulus than the as-spun fiber. A composite structure in the form of parallel ribbons of aligned carbon nanotubes embedded in a film of NbC showed an enhanced conductivity along the CNT axial direction, and improved superconducting properties. The enhanced upper critical field of NbC/CNT suggested that the inclusion of CNTs in the NbC matrix reduced the coherence length of the NbC. Nanomechanical testing also demonstrated the potential for enhanced fracture toughness of NbC/CNT composites.

Abstract: Compositions of carbon nanoflakes are coated with a low Z compound, where an effective electron emission of the carbon nanoflakes coated with the low Z compound is improved compared to an effective electron emission of the same carbon nanoflakes that are not coated with the low Z compound or of the low Z compound that is not coated onto the carbon nanoflakes. Compositions of chromium oxide and molybdenum carbide-coated carbon nanoflakes are also described, as well as applications of these compositions. Carbon nanoflakes are formed and a low Z compound coating, such as a chromium oxide or molybdenum carbide coating, is formed on the surfaces of carbon nanoflakes. The coated carbon nanoflakes have excellent field emission properties.

Abstract: There are provided a carbon wire using CNT or a similar carbon filament having a sufficiently low electrical resistance value, and a wire assembly employing that carbon wire. A carbon wire includes an assembly portion and a graphite layer. The assembly portion is configured of a plurality of carbon filaments implemented as carbon nanotubes in contact with one another. The graphite layer is provided at an outer circumference of the assembly portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing carbon or HV graphite electrodes, in which a carbon carrier is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing binder, and the mixture is subjected to a coking process and/or graphitization process, and one or more synthetic titanium compounds are additionally added to the raw materials. The titanium compound is preferably comprised of TiO2. Iron oxide can be added as an accompanying substance.

Abstract: Described is an anode material which is a transition metal nitride or carbide in form of nanoparticles, preferably a nitride or carbide with one nitrogen or carbon per metal, and especially a nitride or carbide having rock salt structure. A preferred anode material is vanadium nitride, in particular carbon coated vanadium nitride having a mean particle size of <500 nm. Embedded in an electrically conducting environment, such nanoparticulate material, in particular the vanadium nitride shows exceptional good charging-discharging cycle stability.

Abstract: A chip-shaped electronic component includes a substrate and an end face electrode layer provided on an end face of the substrate, in which the end face electrode layer contains a mixed material. The mixed material includes as a conductive particle, a carbon powder, a whisker-like inorganic filler coated with a conductive film, and a flake-like conductive powder. Additionally, an epoxy resin has a weight-average molecular weight between 1,000 and 80,000.

Abstract: This invention relates to free-flowing compositions of carbon nanosheets and core-shell particles, and to a plasma-torch process for making them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin composition for GHz-band electronic components, the composition comprising nanoscale carbon tubes and at least one member selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic resins, curable resins, and composite resins of thermoplastic resins and curable resins; wherein the nanoscale carbon tubes are present in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.4 wt. % based on the resin; and an electronic component obtainable from the resin composition, or the like.

Abstract: A chip-shaped electronic component comprising a substrate and an end face electrode layer provided on an end face of the substrate, in which the end face electrode layer contains a mixed material including, as a conductive particle, a carbon powder, a whisker-like inorganic filler coated with a conductive film, and a flake-like conductive powder, and an epoxy resin having a weight-average molecular weight between 1,000 and 80,000.

Abstract: Provided are compositions containing 20 to 50% by volume of a nitride or carbide of a group IV metal, a polymer, and 1 to 9% by volume of an allotrope of carbon. The compositions are useful in manufacturing resistors with low temperature coefficients of resistivity.

Abstract: To provide a composite excellent in mechanical strength or in electric conductivity and obtained by combining a carbon nanotube structure and ceramics, and a method of manufacturing the same. The composite is composed of the carbon nanotube structure and the ceramics, and, in the carbon nanotube carbon nanotube structure, functional groups bonded to multiple carbon nanotubes are chemically bonded to mutually cross-link to construct a network structure.

Abstract: A low-thermal-expansion, rigid and wear-resistant ceramic is provided. The low-thermal-expansion ceramic of the invention includes 60 vol % to 99.9 vol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of cordierite, spodumene and eucryptite and 0.1 vol % to 40 vol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of carbides, nitrides, borides and silicides of group IVa elements, group Va elements and group VIa elements, and boron carbide. The ceramic has a porosity of 0.5% or less and a thermal expansion coefficient, at 10° C. to 40° C., of 1.5×10?6/° C. or less.

Abstract: Black composite particles for a semiconductor sealing material of the present invention, comprises: an extender pigment as a core particle; and a black pigment formed on surface of the extender pigment in an amount of from 1 to 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the extender pigment, and a semiconductor sealing material by using the black composite particles. Such black composite particles are not only enhanced in blackness, moisture resistance, fluidity and tinting strength, but also show an excellent dispersibility in binder resins, and the semiconductor sealing material is capable of exhibiting a high volume resistivity as well as excellent blackness, moisture resistance, soldering heat resistance, flowability and flexural strength.

Abstract: The invention is directed to conductive polymer compositions, catalytic ink compositions (e.g., for use in screen-printing), electrodes produced by deposition of an ink composition, methods of making, and methods of using thereof. An exemplary ink material comprises platinum black and/or platinum-on-carbon as the catalyst, graphite as a conducting material, a polymer binding material, and an organic solvent. The polymer binding material is typically a copolymer of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers. The conductive polymer compositions of the present invention can be used, for example, to make electrochemical sensors. Such sensors can be used in a variety of analyte monitoring devices to monitor analyte amount or concentrations in subjects, for example, glucose monitoring devices to monitor glucose levels in subjects with diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention includes carbon nanotubes whose hollow cores are 100% filled with conductive filler. The carbon nanotubes are in uniform arrays on a conductive substrate and are well-aligned and can be densely packed. The uniformity of the carbon nanotube arrays is indicated by the uniform length and diameter of the carbon nanotubes, both which vary from nanotube to nanotube on a given array by no more than about 5%. The alignment of the carbon nanotubes is indicated by the perpendicular growth of the nanotubes from the substrates which is achieved in part by the simultaneous growth of the conductive filler within the hollow core of the nanotube and the densely packed growth of the nanotubes. The present invention provides a densely packed carbon nanotube growth where each nanotube is in contact with at least one nearest-neighbor nanotube.

Abstract: Disclosed are an iron-carbon composite in which 10 to 90% of the internal space of a nanoflake carbon tube or a nested multi-walled carbon nanotube is filled with iron carbide or iron; a carbonaceous material containing such iron-carbon composites; and a process for preparing the same. The iron-carbon composite is useful for electron emitting materials and other applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are an iron-carbon composite in which 10 to 90% of the internal space of a nanoflake carbon tube or a nested multi-walled carbon nanotube is filled with iron carbide or iron; a carbonaceous material containing such iron-carbon composites; and a process for preparing the same. The iron-carbon composite is useful for electron emitting materials and other applications.

Abstract: A resistive heating element having high generation efficiency for far infrared rays and a comparatively high specific resistance while maintaining the strength required as a resistive heating element, is obtained by shaping a mixture of graphite powder, boron nitride and silicone rubber to a desired shape followed by firing by heating to 380° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere and then further firing by heating to 1100° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: The gist of the instant invention is the use of lithium carbide in the cathode of a rechargeable lithium ion battery. Lithium carbide is used to electrochemically release electrons and lithium ions from the cathode. A preferred cathode of the instant invention is graphite intercalated with a mixture of lithium carbide and a lithium salt such as lithium tetrafluoroborate.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a fabrication method of a silicon carbide sintered body, including a step of fabricating a mixed powder slurry by dissolving or dispersing silicon carbide powder, at least one organic material composed of a nitrogen source, and at least one organic material composed of a carbon source or carbon powder in a solvent, a step of fabricating a green body by pouring the mixed powder slurry into a mold and drying and a step of filling pores in the green body by immersing the green body in high purity metallic silicon that has been heated to 1450 to 1700° C. in a vacuum atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere and melted, and generating silicon carbide by reacting silicon sucked up into the pores in the green body by capillary action with free carbon in the green body; and a silicon carbide sintered body obtained by a reaction sintering method, having a density of 2.90 g/cm3 or more and a volume resistivity of 100 &OHgr;·cm or less, and containing nitrogen at 150 ppm or more.

Abstract: A ceramic bearing ball in which at least a portion of a constituent ceramic is formed of an electrically conductive inorganic compound phase, whereby a proper electrical conductivity is imparted to the ceramic. Thus, electrifying of a bearing ball is prevented or effectively suppressed. This prevents the problem involved in production of balls of small diameter wherein such balls adhere to an apparatus (e.g., a container) during production thereof, thus hindering smooth progress of the production process. In addition, when ceramic balls are used in precision electronic equipment, such as a hard disk drive of a computer, which is operated at high rotational speed, adhesion of foreign substance due to electrification of the balls, and resultant generation of abnormal noise or vibration can be prevented or effectively suppressed.

Abstract: A method of producing silicon carbide (SiC) heating and lighting elements, by mixing a quantity of finely-divided particles of carbon in a binder; shaping the mixture; applying finely-divided particles of elemental silicon over the shaped mixture; and heating the shaped mixture in a furnace, while subjected to a vacuum, to vaporize and diffuse the silicon and to react the silicon vapor with the carbon in the binder, to convert the carbon to silicon carbide. The silicon particles includes a dopant to reduce the internal resistance of the produced silicon carbide to a value of up to a few hundred &sgr;hm-cms.

Abstract: A contact glass composition for use in resistor-type spark plugs is described. The contact glass composition is a mixture of: (a) at least one metal; (b) graphite; and (c) silicon. Additionally, borosilicate glass, barium borate glass, magnesium aluminum silicate, ball clay, and aluminum may also be included in the contact glass composition.

Abstract: In a coating material for the inner surface of a cathode-ray tube comprising an aqueous dispersion medium containing silicates of lithium and potassium and a dispersing agent, and a graphite particles and, if necessary, particles of the other specific metal compounds suspended therein, the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of potassium to lithium is in the range of 1 to 9, and the molar ratio of silicon dioxide to the total quantity of oxides of lithium and potassium is in the range of 2.5 to 3.5, and the obtained coating material is most suitable for suppressing the quantities of gases released from the inner coating, for making good use of gas-adsorbing ability of graphite, and for increasing the degree of vacuum in the cathode-ray tube.

Abstract: A composite monolithic element for use as a hot surface ignitor or the like includes first and second regions or layers. The first region or layer comprises a low pressure ejection molded mixture of silicon carbide and silicon nitride particles or other compatible mix which will alter processing art as a resistor. This resistor includes two cold portions and a hot portion intermediate thereof. The second region or layer also includes an ejection molded mixture of silicon carbide and silicon nitride particles or other appropriate mixture, while the second layer contains the same or similar compounds as the first, the rations of the compound differ so that after processing it acts as an insulator and as a support for the first layer. These first and second layers are bonded together to form a joint free mechanically continuous structure and densified.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a conductive sintered body based on silicon carbide, in which a) silicon carbide particles, optionally pretreated with a surface modifier, are dispersed in an aqueous and/or organic medium and positive or negative surface charges are generated on the silicon carbide particles by adjustment of the pH of the dispersion obtained; b) carbon black and boron carbide are mixed in as sintering aids, where at least the carbon black particles have a surface charge opposite to the surface charge of the silicon carbide particles and the boron carbide can also be added, completely or in part, at a later point in time (stage c′)); c) the slip thus obtained is shaped directly to form a green body or c′) a sinterable powder is isolated from the slip obtained and is shaped to form a green body, where the above boron carbide can also be added to this sinterable powder; and d) the green body obtained is subjected to pressureless sintering to form a sintered body in essential

Abstract: A novel PTC conductive polymer composition is disclosed, which comprises (a) 35 to 60%, by weight of the composition, of a branched polyolefin with a polydispersity index of less than 2.5; and (b) 20 to 45%, by weight of the composition, of conductive particles which have been dispersed in the polyolefin. The PTC composition of the invention has intense, reproducible PTC behavior and is particularly suitable for use in PTC thermistors.