Abstract: Structures having low-k multilayered dielectric diffusion barrier layer having at least one low-k sublayer and at least one air barrier sublayer are described herein. The multilayered dielectric diffusion barrier layer are diffusion barriers to metal and barriers to air permeation. Methods and compositions relating to the generation of the structures are also described. The advantages of utilizing these low-k multilayered dielectric diffusion barrier layer is a gain in chip performance through a reduction in capacitance between conducting metal features and an increase in reliability as the multilayered dielectric diffusion barrier layer are impermeable to air and prevent metal diffusion.

Abstract: An electromagnetic rheological (“EMR”) fluid (18) broadly includes a conducting medium (22) and a plurality of micronparticles (24) suspended in the medium (22). Each of the micronparticles (24) includes a magnetically permeable core (26), an electrically insulating coating (28) surrounding the core (26), and a conductive winding (30) at least partially wound around the core (26) so that the coating (28) is disposed between the winding (30) and the core (26). An apparatus (10) constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention broadly includes a deformable membrane (12), a pair of polar opposed plates (14 and 16) coupled to the membrane (12), the EMR fluid (18) filling the membrane (12) and being in communication with a current source (20). Current flowing through adjacent windings (30) induces magnetic fields in the corresponding micronparticles (24) that mutually draw the adjacent micronparticles (30) causing them to move together into a north pole-south pole alignment.

Abstract: A composition of matter and a structure fabricated using the composition. The composition comprising: a resin; polymeric nano-particles dispersed in the resin, each of the polymeric nano-particle comprising a multi-arm core polymer and pendent polymers attached to the multi-arm core polymer, the multi-arm core polymer immiscible with the resin and the pendent polymers miscible with the resin; and a solvent, the solvent volatile at a first temperature, the resin cross-linkable at a second temperature, the polymeric nano-particle decomposable at a third temperature, the third temperature higher than the second temperature, the second temperature higher than the first temperature, wherein a thickness of a layer of the composition shrinks by less than about 3.5% between heating the layer from the second temperature to the third temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus comprising a device and a mechanism for heat transfer comprising a hydrofluoroether heat-transfer fluid wherein the heat transfer fluid is represented by the following structure: Rf—O—Rh—O—Rf? wherein O is oxygen; Rf and Rf? are, independently, a fluoroaliphatic group, wherein each Rf and Rf? contain 1 hydrogen atom; Rh is independently a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and at least 4 hydrogen atoms, and wherein the hydrofluoroether compound is free of —O—CH2—O—. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method therefor.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy that includes two components, wherein the first component is a specific two-ring compound having phenylene, two hydrogens of which are replaced by fluorine, and the second component is a specific four-ring compound having phenylene, one hydrogen of which is replaced by fluorine, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

Abstract: Formulation of a liquid composition to form an electrical insulator, an antioxidant or a degreaser, obtained from the combination of by-products with mineral origin, whose formulation shall vary to meet different characteristics, becoming an electrical insulator, an antioxidant or a degreaser, ideal for different applications, the basic formula comprising: tetrachloroethylene, Mineral oil, methyl cellulose carboxy and 5 to 7% dipropylene glycol.

Abstract: Dielectric fluids comprising oil fractions derived from highly paraffinic wax are provided. Further provided are processes for making these dielectric fluids comprising oil fractions derived from highly paraffinic wax. The dielectric fluids are useful as insulating and cooling mediums in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, circuit breakers, switchgear, underground electrical cables, and attendant equipment.

Abstract: The dielectric-forming composition according to the invention is characterized by consisting of: composite particles for dielectrics in which part or all of the surfaces of inorganic particles with permittivity of 30 or greater are coated with a conductive metal or a compound thereof, or a conductive organic compound or a conductive inorganic material; and (B) a resin component constituted of at least one of a polymerizable compound and a polymer. In addition, another dielectric-forming composition according to the invention is characterized by containing: ultrafine particle-resin composite particles composed of (J) inorganic ultrafine particles with the average particle size of 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) dielectric material; and (b) porogen comprising at least two fused aromatic rings wherein each of the fused aromatic rings has at least one alkyl substituent thereon and a bond exists between at least two of the alkyl substituents on adjacent aromatic rings. Preferably, the dielectric material is a composition comprising (a) thermosetting component comprising (1) optionally monomer of Formula I as set forth below and (2) at least one oligomer or polymer of Formula II as set forth below where Q, G, h, I, I, and w are as set forth below and (b) porogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus comprising a device and a mechanism for heat transfer comprising a hydrofluoroether heat-transfer fluid wherein the heat transfer fluid is represented by the following structure: Rf—O—Rh—O—Rf? wherein: O is oxygen; Rf and Rf? are, independently, a fluoroaliphatic group, wherein each Rf and Rf? contain 1 hydrogen atom; Rh is independently a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene group having from 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and at least 4 hydrogen atoms, and wherein the hydrofluoroether compound is free of —O—CH2—O—. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method therefor.

Abstract: There is provided a low dielectric constant material, which is excellent in thermal resistance, has low dielectric constant, and is applicable to a semiconductor device or electric appliances, an insulation film between semiconductor layers using the same, and the semiconductor device. The material is the low dielectric constant material having thermal resistance, which contains borazine skeletal molecules shown by the following formula (1) and the like in an inorganic or organic material molecule.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition for forming a dielectric of the present invention comprising inorganic particles, an alkali developable resin and additives, wherein the additives comprise a compound having a quinonediazido group (C1), a compound containing at least two alkyletherified amino groups in the molecule (C2) and a thermal acid generator (C3), or wherein the inorganic particles comprise inorganic superfine particles (A-I) having a mean particle diameter of less than 0.05 ?m and inorganic fine particles (A-II) having a mean particle diameter of not less than 0.05 ?m. The composition can be calcined at low temperatures to form a dielectric layer with high dimensional precision, said layer having a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss. Also provided are a dielectric and an electronic part prepared from the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are ester-containing fluid compositions, methods of making such compositions, and methods of using such compositions. The fluid compositions comprise a mix of branched and linear ester compounds, and the fluid compositions are characterized by certain performance limitations. The preferred method of making the fluid compositions enables the ester mix to be made in a one step process with little finishing required to obtain desirable performance characteristics.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid composition and process employing composite mixtures of terpenes and silicones useful for heat transfer processes in a temperature range down to ?200° F., where the fluid heat transfer composition retains its liquid phase over the entire temperature range.

Abstract: Different from conventional so-called mix-type film capacitors involving several disadvantages, in which the dielectric layers consist of a combination of a dielectric plastic resin film and an insulating paper sheet, the invention provides an all-film oil-impregnated capacitor in which the dielectric layers consist only of a plastic resin film such as a biaxially oriented polypropylene resin film (OPP film) suitable for use in microwave ovens. The all-film capacitor of the invention can be obtained and has satisfactory properties only when prepared by using specified materials including the OPP film, aluminum foil and capacitor oil and under specified conditions relative to the dielectric tangent values and dielectric capacity values before and after impregnation with a capacitor oil as well as the conditions in the step of oil impregnation.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a dielectric fluid for use in electrical equipment comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. In another aspect the invention provides devices for generating and distributing electrical energy that incorporate a dielectric fluid comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. Methods of retrofilling electrical equipment with vegetable oil based dielectric fluids also are provided.

Abstract: A composition comprises a first component that provides a predetermined response to radiation, and a second component. Upon curing of the composition, portions of the first component bind together portions of the second component to form an inhomogeneous material having physical properties substantially determined by the second component. The function provided by the first component's response to radiation and the macroscopic properties determined by the second component are largely decoupled and thus may be separately optimized. Some embodiments provide photo-patternable low dielectric constant materials that may be advantageously employed in metal interconnect layers in integrated circuits, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the formula I 1

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus, or system, for applying a multi-component liquid liner composition to an inner surface of a conduit. The system comprises a first reservoir having a first liquid liner component; a second reservoir having a second liquid liner component, the second liquid liner component being different from the first liquid liner component; a first liquid liner component transmission line in communication with the first reservoir; a second liquid liner component transmission line in communication with the second reservoir; and an applicator in communication with the first and second liquid liner component transmission lines. Methods of applying multi-component liquid liner compositions to the inner surface of conduits are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid comprises an isoparaffinic base oil and hydrogen donor compound. The base oil may be a hydroisomerized isoparaffinic oil, and the hydrogen donor may be a substituted, or partially saturated aromatic compound. The resulting dielectric fluid exhibits negative hydrogen gassing properties along with good oxidative stability and low temperature performance.

Abstract: This invention provides a dielectric composition comprising a dielectric which is fireable in air at a temperature in the range of about 450° C. to about 550° C. and a conductive oxide selected from the group consisting of antimony-doped tin oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, a transition metal oxide which has mixed valence states or will form mixed valence states after firing in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature in the range of about 450° C. to about 550° C. and normally conducting precious metal oxides such as ruthenium dioxide, wherein the amount of conductive oxide present is from about 0.25 wt % to about 25 wt % of the total weight of dielectric and conductive oxide. This dielectric composition has reduced electrical resistance and is useful in electron field emission devices to eliminate charging of the dielectric in the vicinity of the electron emitter and the effect of static charge induced field emission.

Abstract: A method for removing organic material in the fabrication of structures includes providing a substrate assembly having an exposed organic material and removing at least a portion of the exposed organic material using a composition including sulfur trioxide (SO3) in a supercritical state. For example, the exposed organic material may be selected from the group of resist material, photoresist residue, UV-hardened resist, X-ray hardened resist, carbon-fluorine containing polymers, plasma etch residues, and organic impurities from other processes. Further, organic material removal compositions for performing such methods are provided.

Abstract: An optical system includes a layer of magneto rheological (MR) fluid having a surface exposed to air or vacuum. The MR fluid has a first state wherein the surface is reflective, and a second state wherein the surface is non-reflective. A magnetic actuator selectively applies a magnetic field to the MR fluid to actuate the fluid to the second state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magneto sensitive fluid composition and a process of its preparation. The electrical conductivity of the composition varies reversibly in the presence of an external magnetic field. The composition, which is practically an insulator, starts behaving as a conductor in the presence of a magnetic field. The fluid is basically a magnetrheological composition in which the magnetic sensitive particles are admixed with conductive additives in the form of conductive metallic or non-metallic powder. The change in electrical conductivity of the composition is in addition to the change in rheological characteristics of the composition in the presence of an external magnetic field.

Abstract: A new dielectric material composition with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, which includes a quaternary metallic oxide having a pervoskite structure and represented by a general formula, Ba1−xM1xTi1−yM2yOm. It is suitable for Gbit memory devices, embedded capacitance devices in multilayered structures, and modulable capacitors for high frequency devices.

Abstract: A dielectric material composition including a metal oxide represented by a general formula, Y1-xM1xMn1-yM2yOm. M1 is Y, Ho, Er, Yb, Tm, or Lu. M2 is Ti, Zr, V, Mo, Mg, Cu, or Zn. X is a number of 0 to 1. Y is a number of 0 to 1. The metal oxide is of high dielectric constant and has the properties of ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectricity.

Abstract: High oleic acid triglyceride compositions that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, less than 10% diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3% triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8% saturated fatty acid component; and having the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25NC, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25NC, a flash point of at least 250NC and a pour point of at least −15NC are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids comprising the triglyceride composition are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids that comprise the triglyceride composition and a combination of additives are disclosed. Electrical apparatuses comprising the electrical insulation fluids and the use of electrical insulation fluids to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses are disclosed. A process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: Frost resistant, aqueous cooling/heating fluid containing alkali salts of acetic acid and/or formic acid and which as a corrosion inhibitor contains a mixture of a C5-C16 monocarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, a C5-C16 dicarboxylic acid or alkali-, ammonium- or amino-salts of said acid, and also a triazole.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a dielectric fluid for use in electrical equipment comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. In another aspect the invention provides devices for generating and distributing electrical energy that incorporate a dielectric fluid comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. Methods of retrofilling electrical equipment with vegetable oil based dielectric fluids also are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) dielectric material; and (b) porogen comprising at least two fused aromatic rings wherein each of the fused aromatic rings has at least one alkyl substituent thereon and a bond exists between at least two of the alkyl substituents on adjacent aromatic rings. Preferably, the dielectric material is a composition comprising (a) thermosetting component comprising (1) optionally monomer of Formula I as set forth below and (2) at least one oligomer or polymer of Formula II as set forth below where Q, G, h, I, I, and w are as set forth below and (b) porogen.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heat transfer fluid comprising a monobenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene or a mixture of mono- and polybenzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and/or a mixture of partly hydrogenated polyphenyls and at least a polyphenylmethane composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ER fluid comprising a water-soluble starch as a conductive particle and an additive to improve flow properties and to prevent precipitation of the ER fluid. The ER fluid can be widely applied to a variable attenuator which is able to control a suspension, a vibration damper and an engine mount, to a power unit such as a break and a clutch, and to various industrial fields such as an automobile and aviation industries.

Abstract: The invention provides dielectric compositions and methods of forming the same. The dielectric compositions may be used to form dielectric layers in electronic devices such as multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and, in particular, MLCCs which include base metal electrodes. The dielectric compositions include a barium titanate-based material and several dopants. The type and concentration of each dopant is selected to provide the dielectric composition with desirable electrical properties including a stable capacitance over a temperature range, a low dissipation factor, and a high capacitance. Preferably, MLCCs including dielectric layers formed with the composition satisfy X7R and/or X5R requirements.

Abstract: An electrical oil having reduced gassing tendency includes a major amount of a paraffinic or naphthenic basestock and a blend of certain hindered phenols, especially a blend of 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl cresol. A further enhanced gassing tendency can be provided to the electrical oil by including a tolyltriazole derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multiphase electrorheological fluid having an improved yield stress and stability. The multiphase electrorheological fluid comprises a first liquid phase component as a continuous oil phase; particles dispersed in the continuous oil phase; and a second liquid phase component which consists of emulsion liquid droplets and is dispersed in the continuous oil phase while being immiscible with the continuous oil phase. The dispersed liquid droplets have higher electrical conductivity and dielectric constant than those of the continuous oil phase.

Abstract: In a dielectric composition for use in formation of a dielectric layer in a plasma display panel, comprising glass powder, the glass powder is powder of glass which contains PbO of 50% or less and CuO as one of essential elements contained in the glass for preventing color change of the dielectric layer from being caused due to reaction with Ag electrodes in the plasma display panel. Ceramics powder can be mixed with the glass powder. The dielectric composition can also be provided in a form of paste, alternatively in a form of a green sheet.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the catalytic hydrogenation of fluid used to cool and dielectrically insulate an x-ray generating device within an x-ray system. According to the present invention, a method and apparatus are provided for hydrogenating fluid that has been exposed to x-rays to reduce the amount of H2 gas, free hydrogen atoms and unsaturated molecules in the fluid. The method comprises exposing the fluid within the x-ray system to a catalytically effective amount of catalyst. The catalyst operates in temperatures in the range of about 10-300° C. and pressures in the range of about 0.1-30 atmospheres. The catalyst may comprise a solid, non-soluble catalyst, a soluble catalyst, or a combination of both. A suitable solid, non-soluble catalyst comprises Group VIII elements and their compounds. Group VIII elements comprise iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel electrophoretic dispersion comprising a fluorinated solvent as the continuous phase, charged pigment particles or pigment containing microcapsules as the dispersed phase, and the charge of the pigment particles is provided by a charge controlling agent comprising:

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a dielectric fluid for use in electrical equipment comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. In another aspect the invention provides devices for generating and distributing electrical energy that incorporate a dielectric fluid comprising a vegetable oil or vegetable oil blend. Methods of retrofilling electrical equipment with vegetable oil based dielectric fluids also are provided.

Abstract: The dielectric-forming composition according to the invention is characterized by consisting of:

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) dielectric material; and (b) porogen comprising at least two fused aromatic rings wherein each of the fused aromatic rings has at least one alkyl substituent thereon and a bond exists between at least two of the alkyl substituents on adjacent aromatic rings. Preferably, the dielectric material is a composition comprising (a) thermosetting component comprising (1) optionally monomer of Formula I as set forth below and (2) at least one oligomer or polymer of Formula II as set forth below where Q, G, h, I, I, and w are as set forth below and (b) porogen.

Abstract: A novel method of fabrication of periodic dielectric composites involving a flexible computer design stage, rapid growth of a second dielectric component. Laser stereolithography is used to form the polymer material layer by layer by photopolymerisation of a liquid. Certain materials constructed in this fashion exhibit a complete loss-free barrier to microwave propagation through the material for a desired band of frequencies and are commonly known as photonic band gap crystals. Such materials could provide a novel medium for all-angle wide- and narrow-band blocking filters, narrow-band transmission filters, reflective and loss-free substrates for planar antennas, and novel loss-free media for oscillator cavities and waveguides. In addition a novel crystal structure, particularly suited to the fabrication method mentioned above and consisting of concatenated polyhedrons, is revealed.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid with improved performance in capacitors contains 65% by weight or more monobenzyltoluene. Capacitors including the dielectric fluid can have improved discharge extinction voltages at 60° C.

Abstract: This invention provides a polishing apparatus using a polishing material freely varying its shape in a tri-dimensional space in accordance with the shape of a work, and capable of polishing a narrow, recessed surface inaccessible to human hands or a tool, and a polishing method used therefor.

Abstract: A composition for the formation of an insulating film comprising a low dielectric constant polymeric material and a sublimating material, which are dissolved in a solvent. Preferred low dielectric constant polymeric materials include polyaryl ethers. Preferred sublimating materials include silicone compounds having a closed stereostructure having atoms at its vertexes, such as those known as Si-T8 and Si-T12. A method of forming a low dielectric constant insulating film and electronic parts or components using an insulating film formed thereby are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid with improved performance in capacitors contains 65% by weight or more monobenzyltoluene. Capacitors including the dielectric fluid can have improved discharge extinction voltages at 60° C.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: An active controllable, shear thickening, field responsive device is disclosed and contains a fluid including a carrier component and at least about 40 percent by volume, based on the total volume of the fluid, of a particle component. The fluid can comprise either a field responsive dispersed particle component or a field responsive carrier. The field responsive dispersed phase fluid comprises magnetic- or electrical-responsive particles having a specified average particle size. When subjected to a predetermined shear rate and, optionally, a predetermined magnetic or electrical field, the shear thickening composition undergoes a dramatic and substantial increase in viscosity and shear stress over a very short time period.