Abstract: A system and process for on-demand generation of inert, non-flammable gases and water vapor to decrease the available atmospheric oxygen in the ullage of a hydrocarbon fuel storage tank to a level that will not support combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel, is disclosed. One, or more, of a variety of non-Halon, fire suppressor charges are selectively contained in one or more gas generating cartridges. The gas generating cartridge(s), when activated, cause release of these charges to promote rapid chemical reactions and supply inert, non-flammable gases and water vapor to the tank ullage. Activation is accomplished in aircraft by, either pilot action or, by pressure and temperature sensors contained within the hydrocarbon fuel tank.

Abstract: An apparatus for suppressing a fire comprises a gas generator containing a propellant and a fire suppressant as a mixture of compacted powders. The average diameter of a fire suppressant particle is larger than the average diameter of a propellant particle and the larger fire suppressant particles form discrete cooling sites that do not dramatically reduce the propellant burn rate.

Abstract: A dry, particulate sorbent composition containing an organic absorbent, a combustible adsorbent, a water swellable polymer and a water soluble polymer is used to soak up and contain flammable liquids and to render the resulting product fire-safe by misting the product surface with water. Water contacting the polymers contained in the sorbent composition forms with those polymers a surface film which is resistant to the passage of combustible gases thus rendering the sorbed mass fire-safe even when briefly exposed to an open flame.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing material that comprises a particulate material to be projected onto a fire having a particle size of no more that 212 microns, a moisture content of no more than 0.50 parts by weight, a hygroscopicity of no more than 3.00 parts by weight, and a bulk density of about 125 milliliters per 100 grams. The particulate material consists essentially of from about 40 to about 80 parts by weight monoammonium phosphate, from about 32 to 0 parts by weight ammonium sulfate, from about 10 to about 18 parts by weight of one or more carbonates selected from the group consisting essentially of magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate, from about 0 to 15 parts by weight of barium sulfate, about 2.0 parts by weight hydrated aluminum-magnesium silicate, about 0.04 parts by weight of diarylide yellow, and about 0.8 parts by weight of methylhydrogen siloxane.

Abstract: A method of obtaining pellets of MxOy oxide, where M represents one or more elements used to make nuclear fuel pellets, as a means of obtaining very high density fritted pellets directly, i.e. without the intermediate powders being conditioned, comprising starting with a solution of soluble salts of the M elements, and treating them with hydrogen peroxide with the pH kept at from 2 to 2.5, in a continuous fluidized bed reactor comprising at least 3 superposed cylindrical sections of different diameters, the solutions in the central section being agitated vigorously, to obtain a precipitate which is subsequently calcined reduced, pressed then fritted.

Abstract: Granular flame retardant agents are disclosed which incorporate halogenated organic flame-retardant compounds, without any binders. The granular agents may further contain desired additives and organic or inorganic flame-retardant synergistic materials. The granular agents are dust-free and are usefully employed in a method for imparting flame-retardant properties to flammable plastic materials. A process for the preparation of the granular flame retardant agents of the invention by cold compaction is also described.

Abstract: A connector for establishing a communication between an existing water pipe and an additional conduit has a clamp arranged to clamp an existing water pipe and including a clamp housing and clamping elements cooperating with the latter, and a valve arranged to pierce the existing water pipe and establish a communication between the existing water pipe and the additional conduit, wherein a housing of the valve and the housing of the clamp together form an integral one piece housing element. A plunger of the valve has a contact surface which can be brought in contact with a seal and interrupt the communication in a water tight manner.

Abstract: Granular flame retardant agents are disclosed which incorporate halogenated organic flame-retardant compounds, without any binders. The granular agents may further contain desired additives and organic or inorganic flame-retardant synergistic materials. The granular agents are dust-free and are usefully employed in a method for imparting flame-retardant properties to flammable plastic materials. A process for the preparation of the granular flame retardant agents of the invention by cold compaction is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubricating oil composition for enhanced protection against silver wear in railway diesel engines which is formulated with no chlorinated hydrocarbons or with reduced levels thereof. The composition comprises a silver protective compound selected from the group consisting of (1) C.sub.8 to C.sub.22 fatty acid esters of C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 polyhydroxy alcohols or mixtures of such esters, wherein the alcohol portion of the ester has at least two unesterified hydroxyl groups; and (2) a mixture comprising the polyhydroxy compound of (1), above, and a chlorinated paraffin.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing surface active composition capable reducing the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension between water and oil, which comprises (A) at least one of cationic, non-ionic to ampho-ionic surfactant showing a surface tension of not more than 25 dyne/cm when determined on a 0.01 to 1.0 % by weight aqueous solution and having at least one fluorine-containing group comprising not less than 6 carbon atoms, of which each carbon atom bears at least one fluorine atom, and (B) at least one of surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group of 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: In connection with the manufacture of cellulosic insulation of the type utilizing shredded newspaper which is treated with a fire retardant chemical composition and used for the thermal insulation of building structures, an anti-static agent is mixed and adhered to the fire retardant agent prior to depositing the fire retardant agent on the shredded cellulosic material. The anti-static agent may also be introduced into the finished product with desirable but not as significant improvements in the insulation and its manufacture.

Abstract: A fire protection and/or extinguishing article comprises a sheet which has, uniformly dispersed therein, a material which undergoes an endothermic reaction to release a non-flammable gas and simultaneously absorb heat when subjected to an elevated temperature. This sheet is sandwiched between a gas permeable thermal barrier and a layer of gas permeable thermal insulation in a preferred embodiment which may function as a foldable and storable blanket.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing surface active composition capable reducing the surface tension of water to the interfacial tension between water and oil, which comprises (A) at least one of cationic, non-ionic and ampho-ionic surfactant showing a surface tension of not more than 25 dyne/cm when determined on a 0.01 to 1.0 % by weight aqueous solution and having at least one fluorine-containing group comprising not less than 6 carbon atoms, of which each carbon atom bears at least one fluorine atom, and (B) at least one of surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group of 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: An aqueous solution useful in extinguishing fires is disclosed comprising diammonium phosphate, a water soluble polyol, a water soluble gas-generating agent, a non-combustible viscosity builder and water; when sprayed upon burning surfaces, the solution intumesces and generates a flame-resistant polymeric foam having a high char value; the foam shuts off the air supply to the burning surface and thereby quickly and effectively extinguishes the fire.

Abstract: The invention relates to fire-fighting powders providing per se or in mixtures an effective extinction of flames and embers.The fire-fighting powder according to the invention comprises(a) at least one member of a group consisting of potassium, sodium and ammonium sesquicarbonate as active ingredient and optionally one or more metal salt catalysts; or(b) at least one metal salt catalyst in addition to substances having per se known extinguishing effect;and optionally one or more other substances having per se known extinguishing effect as well as one or more additives generally used in the art.The fire-fighting powders according to the invention have enhanced extinguishing effect as compared to the known extinctors.

Abstract: A high conducting polymer-alloy blend is prepared by stress blending a polymer having Non-Newtonian rheological behavior with a low melting temperature alloy to form an interpenetrating polymer-alloy network. The blend is performed at a temperature intermediate the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the alloy where the alloy has a fractional solidus imparting to the alloy a viscosity corresponding to the viscosity of the polymer. In the resulting blend, the interpenetrating polymer network is the stabilizing component of the high conducting polymer-alloy interpenetrating network and the interpenetrating alloy network provides the high conductance path.

Abstract: This invention is a fire retardant compound and the method for preparing the same. The combined fire retardant properties of the final composition are greater than the fire retardant properties of the individual ingredients. When formulated and treated in accordance with the present invention, wood products such as paneling and flooring, fabric products such as cotton, wool and rayon and the like which are normally flammable are for all practical purposes noncombustible. Not only are the flame retardant properties of the present invention highly unusual but also the smoke inhibiting factor in each case is extremely low and way below that which would normally be anticipated.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing surface active composition capable of reducing the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension between water and oil, which comprises (A) at least one cationic, non-ionic or ampho-ionic surfactant showing a surface tension of not more than 25 dyne/cm when determined on a 0.01 to 1.0% by weight aqueous solution and having at least one fluorine-containing group comprising not less than 6 carbon atoms, of which each carbon atom bears at least one fluorine atom, and (B) at least one of surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group of 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: Fire extinguishant composition comprising a mixture of a finely divided aluminum compound and alkali metal, stannous or plumbous halide. Aluminum compound may be aluminum hydroxide, alumina or boehmite but preferably it is an alkali metal dawsonite. The metal halide may be an alkali metal, e.g. potassium iodide, bromide or chloride or stannous or plumbous iodide, bromide or chloride. Potassium iodide is preferred.

Abstract: Alkali metal and ammonium dawsonites can be prepared by a non-aqueous process according to which equimolar quantities of the corresponding hydrogen carbonate and aluminum hydroxide in finely divided state are heated together to a temperature within the range of 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. for a period of 1 to 6 hours under a carbon dioxide pressure within the range of 120 to 360 psig. Carbonates may be used instead of hydrogencarbonates.

Abstract: An arc quenching composition suitable for deionizing and extinguishing a high voltage electrical arc comprising an effective proportion of dicyandiamide. Depending on the application in which the arc extinguishing composition is employed, the dicyandiamide may be utilized alone, admixed with a suitable binder, or used to impregnate another material.

Abstract: Alkali metal salts, particularly the potassium salt, of gluconic acid or its stereoisomers have been found to be particularly useful as active ingredients of dry chemical fire extinguishers and can be used alone, or with a small amount of flowing agent and hydrophobic agent or in combination with other dry chemical extinguisher powders, such as sodium bicarbonate, ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfates. These gluconates are stable, non-hygroscopic and have a high flame extinguishing effect.

Abstract: A fire protective mastic is provided, whose essential components are solids including a low fusing ceramic frit, hydrated solids having chemically bonded water which is released as a fire protective water vapor when heated, solids which expand or intumesce during the same heat application to form a porous, expanded or foamy insulating body, solids which have a fire break effect, such as antimony oxide and zinc tetraborate, and binder solids which are thermoplastic resins and serve to bind the solids into a flexible coating when applied, the binder solids being dispersed as an emulsion in water and mixed with the other solids to form a mastic. With further addition of water it is converted to a selected viscosity for application by troweling, coating or spraying.

Abstract: A flame retardant thermal insulation material comprising a dry, shredded cellulosic material, such as newsprint, which is coated with a dry phosphorous-containing, flame retardant composition. The composition is one which is capable of decomposing near the ignition temperature of the shredded paper, which is between 120 degrees and Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius and preferably includes a plurality of compounds which decompose at different temperatures spaced within this range to provide the stagewise release of combustion inhibiting agents. The composition can be a single compound such as calcium phosphate but preferably is a combination of similar compounds such as (NH.sub.4).sub.2 HPO.sub.4, CaH.sub.4 (PO.sub.4).sub.2, CaHPO.sub.4 and triple super phosphate. Further, the phosphorous composition is preferably combined with urea. Elemental sulfur powder may be included with any of the previous compositions as a smoke retardant.

Abstract: The powder for extinguishing fires of liquid substances or of a mixture of liquid substances forming part of the group comprising liquid metals and hydrocarbons contains at least two salts of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals in proportions such as to obtain a composition having a melting point which is lower than the flame temperature of the liquid metal or of the mixture of metals to be extinguished. The powder contains water of crystallization combined with at least one of the salts, the proportion of water being within the range of 1 to 15% of the weight of the powder.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing composition is disclosed comprising three essential ingredients that reinforce cooperatively the action of each ingredient when applied to an object on fire, (A) an ionic complex containing in an anionic portion thereof complexed nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and aluminum, (B) a boric acid compound such as orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, or boric anhydride, and (C) urea. Flammable objects, particularly objects made of cellulose, are reduced in flammability by being pretreated with the composition disclosed. A new process for preparing the ionic complex ingredient of the fire extinguishing composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fire retardant laminate construction comprising a plastic backing film adhesively secured to an insulation batting material. The adhesive material comprises an intumescent coating, containing one or more fire retardant additives, which will foam and char at high temperatures to form a solid multicellular, fire retardant insulating layer which prevents wicking of the plastic material into the insulation batting.

Abstract: A dry fire extinguishing composition particularly useful in extinguishing Class B fires on cooking ranges and the like; comprising, between about 50% and 95% of an alkali metal bicarbonate, such as, sodium bicarbonate or an alkaline earth metal carbonate, such as, calcium carbonate and between about 50% and 5% of a metal silicate, such as, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, etc.

Abstract: A water-insoluble amine-aldehyde copolymer intumescent agent having a number average molecular weight of about 350-2000 and consisting essentially of repeating units corresponding to the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein Q is the aldehyde residue and R is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, halo, nitro, acetamido, or sulfonamido is mixed with about 10-100% by weight of 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane as a synergist to increase the foam volume obtainable from the intumescent agent. The compositions comprising the intumescent agent and synergist may be applied to substrates by conventional techniques.

Abstract: A water-insoluble amine-aldehyde copolymer intumescent agent having a number average molecular weight of about 350-2000 and consisting essentially of repeating units corresponding to the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein Q is the aldehyde residue and R is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, halo, nitro, acetamido, or sulfonamido is mixed with about 10-50% by weight of a synergist corresponding to the formula: ##SPC2##Wherein X is chloro or bromo, T is halo, hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy group, and Z is a monocyclic divalent saturated polybromocycloalkylene group containing 5-16 carbon atoms and 2-6 bromine atoms: said valences being on adjacent carbon atoms; to increase the foam volume obtainable from the intumescent agent. The compositions comprising the intumescent agent and synergist may be applied to substrates by conventional techniques.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel fire extinguishing composition comprising a heat and gas producing pyrotechnic composition comprising a binder and an oxidizer, and having dispersed therein a halogen containing fire extinguishing agent. The pyrotechnic, when ignited, thermally disseminates the fire extinguishing agent onto the fire.

Abstract: A fire-fighting foam-compatible powder containing a fire-extinguishing powder and from 0.1% to 5% of a partially-hydrophobic powdered silica, having a surface area of at least 10 square meters per gram, and carrying a surface treatment with a silane, wherein the degree of hydrophobicity measured by the methanol titration test is in the range of 3 to 35.

Abstract: A solid fire-extinguishing composition comprisingA. carbamic powder containing a major proportion by weight of the compound KC.sub.2 N.sub.2 H.sub.3 O.sub.3 andB. a non-hygroscopic powder having greater bulk density and median particle size than the said carbamic powder.