Abstract: The present invention is directed to a photoinitiator composition comprising two different cationic photoinitiators and a photocurable composition comprising said photoinitiator composition. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of the photoinitiator composition and the photocurable composition. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for producing a three dimensional article.

Abstract: A composite material includes lithium hydride particles dispersed within lithium to form a lithium-lithium hydride composite. The lithium-lithium hydride composite has increased strength over pure lithium and similar soft X-ray transmission characteristics as pure lithium. A soft X-ray blast window may be made from the lithium-lithium hydride composite with increased reliability and cost effectiveness. A method for making a composite material includes dispersing lithium hydride into lithium metal using a variety of dispersion techniques.

Abstract: We have designed a molecular switch based on the photoinduced opening and thermal closing of a [1,3]oxazine ring. A substituted [1,3]oxazine compound described as having a general (i.e., unsubstituted) structure with fused indoline and benzooxazine fragments such that they share a common bond in the [1,3]oxazine compound: (i) the bond connecting positions 1 and 2 of the indoline fragment and (ii) the bond connecting positions 2 and 3 of the benzooxazine fragment. Irradiation by light of suitable wavelength and intensity of this photochromic compound induces cleavage of a [C—O] bond of the [1,3]oxazine ring to form a phenolate chromophore. The photogenerated (e.g., colored) isomer may revert thermally to the starting (e.g., colorless) oxazine. Alternatively, the switch may be between isomers of the compound that absorb at different wavelengths. Reversible coloration of silica or polymeric materials and switching optical signals may involve many cycles of interconversion between different colored states.

Abstract: Particles and related methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A security marker material comprising emissive particles and the emissive particles can be grouped into at least two groups with different size distributions and the size distributions satisfy the formula: [(x?z)2/(Sxs+Sz2)]1/2>1 where x and z are the volume-weighted mean equivalent-spherical diameters of the two particle distributions and Sx and Sz are the standard deviations of the same two distributions. The security marker material is part of a security system and authentication is based on criteria which include responses related to marker size and size distribution. This invention provides a less expensive method of generating a more complex, difficult-to-replicate security code.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a liquid crystal display which reduces unsatisfactory display caused by distorted initial alignment direction in a liquid crystal alignment layer for IPS type displays, realizes stable liquid crystal alignment, is high in mass-productivity, and produces high-quality images of increased contrast ratio. The liquid crystal display contains alignment layers 109 placed between a pair of substrates 101 and 102, at least one of which is transparent, liquid crystal layer 110? sealed between the alignment layers, common electrode 103 and source electrode 105 for applying an electrical field to the liquid crystal layer, thin-film transistors connected to each of these electrodes, polarizer plate 114 provided on at least one of the substrates, wherein at least one of the alignment layers 109 is composed of a photo-reactive polyimide and/or polyamic acid which can be provided with a liquid crystal alignment capacity by being irradiated with essentially linearly polarized light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal oxide dispersion, which can form a metal thin film onto a substrate by heat treatment at a low temperature, wherein a metal oxide having a particle diameter of less than 200 nm is dispersed in the dispersion medium. By heat treating the dispersion after applying it onto a substrate, a metal thin film is formed.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a reversibly thermochromic system comprising a substituted or an unsubstituted 6,11-dihydroxy-naphthacene-5,12-dione and a base and to a reversibly thermochromic composition comprising the reversibly thermochromic system and a carrier material and to novel substituted 6,11-dihydroxy-naphthacene-5,12-diones.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound represented by Formula (1), wherein R1 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; R2 and R3 are each a hydrogen atom or a substituent; X is N—R4, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom; and R4 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent; provided that at least one of R1-R4 has a partial structure represented by Formula (2), —Si(Y)nR?(3-n) ??Formula (2) wherein Y is a halogen atom or OR, R is an alkyl group, or an aryl group; R? is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and n is an integer of 1-3.

Abstract: Disclosed is an actinic ray curable ink containing pigment, a photolytic acid generating agent and an epoxy compound represented by formula (1-1), wherein R1 through R18 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon group having a halogen atom or an oxygen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structure matter composed of (a) oxidized form thin film particle(s) which are obtained by oxidizing graphite, have a thickness of 0.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of a nitroaniline derivative of Formula (I) for the production of nitric oxide and for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease wherein the administration of nitric oxide is beneficial. The present disclosure furthermore relates to a method for the production of NO irradiating a nitroaniline derivative of Formula (I), a kit comprising a nitroaniline derivative of Formula (I) and a carrier and to a system comprising a source of radiations and a container associated to a nitroaniline derivative of Formula (I). In Formula (I), R and RI are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group; RII is hydrogen or an alkyl group.

Abstract: In a thermal recording medium including a basic chromogenic dye, a developer and a sensitizer, a composition for a thermal recording medium which composition contains 50 ppm to 5.0 mass % of 1-(3-methylphenoxy)-2-(4-methylphenoxy)ethane and/or 1,2-bis(4-methylphenoxy)ethane in 1,2-bis(3-methylphenoxy)ethane is used as said sensitizer, whereby the 1,2-bis(3-methylphenoxy)ethane compound is remarkably improved in milling property in the preparation of the above sensitizer, and a thermal recording medium is provided without impairing the colorability, etc., such as thermal colorability.

Abstract: An additive formulation includes a carrier material, a first additive present in the carrier material at a first additive concentration, and a tracer present in the carrier material at a first tracer concentration. The tracer is a metal amenable to detection by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Further embodiments include a manufactured article having incorporated therein the additive formulation. A method is also disclosed for detecting an additive in a manufactured article, the method involving application of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the tracer element.

Abstract: A method, composition and system respond to ionizing radiation to adjust biological activity. In some approaches the ionizing radiation is X-ray or extreme ultraviolet radiation that produces luminescent responses that induce biologically active responses.

Abstract: A method, composition and system respond to ionizing radiation to adjust biological activity. In some approaches the ionizing radiation is X-ray or extreme ultraviolet radiation that produces luminescent responses that induce biologically active responses.

Abstract: An impact-resistant thermal sensitive material comprising at least one indicator dispersed throughout a heat-sensitive matrix material is provided. An article comprising the impact-resistant thermal sensitive material undergoes a permanent color change when exposed to a pre-determined temperature.

Abstract: A radiation diffractive material that diffracts radiation according to Bragg's law is disclosed. The material includes an ordered periodic array of diffracting regions received within a matrix, the matrix comprising an inorganic sol-gel.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for forming a transparent clear coat characterized by a desired property, such as a color effect, resistance to UV light-induced degradation and/or scratch resistance, on a substrate are detailed according to embodiments of the present invention. Particular compositions and methods for producing a transparent clear coat layer include nanoparticles formed in-situ during curing of a transparent clear coat. Curable clear coat compositions are described according to embodiments of the present invention which include one or more substantially dissolved nanoparticle precursors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition having a first response to a first electromagnetic radiation and, after intermediate exposure to a second electromagnetic radiation, a second response to the first electromagnetic radiation, different from the first response. In one aspect, the composition exhibits a regenerated first response to the first electromagnetic radiation after exposure to a third electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and compositions, which include: at least one chromophore having strong simultaneous two-photon or multi-photon absorptivity; at least one acid- or radical-generator in close proximity to the chromophore; such that the single- or multi-photon excitation of the chromophore results in the generation of an acid and/or redical that is capable of activating chemistry; and such that compositions of matter based on the componds and compositions of the invention can be photo-patterned by one- or multiphoton excitation.

Abstract: Disclosed are water pressure transfer films and methods utilizing the same. The film includes a carrier layer which is soluble or swells in water, a protective layer composed of a dual-curable composition, and a decorating layer. After transferring on an object surface, the protective layer is cured by UV radiation, the carrier layer is washed out, and the protective layer is then further cured by a thermal source. Alternatively, the protective layer can be first cured by a thermal source and further cured by UV radiation. The decorating layer includes printing ink pattern, embossed surface relief hologram pattern, or combinations thereof. The active agent of the water pressure transfer film is also a dual-curable composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a squeezable, cross-linked, grease-like electromagnetic wave absorber which comprises a cross-linked silicone gel preferably having a consistency of 50 to 200 (determined in accordance with JIS K 2220 with a ¼ cone), dispersed with an electromagnetic wave absorbing filler preferably comprising an electromagnetic wave absorbing agent and flame retardant; shows self-shape-retaining nature in spite of its fluidity; contains the filler at 200 to 800 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the cross-linked silicone gel; is excellent in electromagnetic wave absorbing capability, thermal conductivity and flame retardancy; has limited temperature dependency; is squeezable; and is applicable to a gap and site to be formed into a thin film thereon, to which a sheet product is essentially inapplicable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a near-infrared-absorbing material including: a luminescent agent, and a near-infrared-absorbing compound obtained by oxidizing a compound represented by the following formula (II): wherein R211, R212, R221, R222, R231, R232, R241 and R242 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; R203, R213, R223, R233 and R243 each independently represent a substituent group; and n203, n213, n223, n233 and n243 each independently represent an integer from 0 to 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to An X-ray exposure indicator device comprising a solid X-ray sensitive material that upon X-ray exposure undergoes a chromatic change, wherein the exposure indicator device does not significantly change color when subjected to UV or visible radiation.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method of a crystallized rare-earth thin films on a glass or a silicon substrate. This manufacturing method of a crystallized metal oxide thin film includes a step of retaining an metal organic thin film or a metal oxide film containing at least one type of rare-earth metal element selected from a group comprised of Y, Dy, Sm, Gd, Ho, Eu, Tm, Tb, Er, Ce, Pr, Yb, La, Nd and Lu formed on a substrate at a temperature of 250 to 600° C., and a step of crystallizing the organic metal thin film or the metal oxide film while irradiating ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of 200 nm or less.

Abstract: Aerogel materials, aerogel composites and the like may be improved by enhancing their smoke suppression, combustion reduction properties. It is additionally useful to provide aerogel based composites compatible with environments conducive to combustion. Such aerogel materials and methods of manufacturing the same are described.

Abstract: An electrochromic device which carries a coating comprising at least one UV absorber and nanoparticles is effectively protected against destruction by UV light.

Abstract: A process for producing a clearcoat and a multi-component composition. The process comprises applying the multi-component composition to a primed substrate, an unprimed substrate, or a coated substrate. The multi-component composition comprises (A) a binder containing on average at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group, (B) an adduct prepared from (b1) a diisocyanate and (b2) a compound of the general formula I containing an isocyanate-reactive group: and (C) at least one cross-linking agent containing on average at least one isocyanate group and at least one functional group which may be activated by actinic reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new fluoroketone compounds from the groups monobromoperfluoroketones, monohydromonobromoperfluoroketones, (perfluoroalkoxy)monobromoperfluoroketones, (fluoroalkoxy)monobromoperfluoroketones, and monochloromonobromoperfluoroketones. These fluoroketone compounds have utility in preventing, controlling and extinguishing fire. These fluoroketone compounds have further utility as additives to reduce or eliminate the flammability of normally flammable working fluids such as refrigerants, foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, and sterilants.

Abstract: Applicant's present invention is a composite scintillator for neutron detection comprising a matrix material fabricated from an inorganic sol-gel precursor solution homogeneously doped with a liquid scintillating material and a neutron absorbing material. The neutron absorbing material yields at least one of an electron, a proton, a triton, an alpha particle or a fission fragment when the neutron absorbing material absorbs a neutron. The composite scintillator further comprises a liquid scintillating material in a self-assembled micelle formation homogeneously doped in the matrix material through the formation of surfactant-silica composites. The scintillating material is provided to scintillate when traversed by at least one of an electron, a proton, a triton, an alpha particle or a fission fragment. The scintillating material is configured such that the matrix material surrounds the micelle formation of the scintillating material.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprising a pair of glass, plastic plates or plastic films At least one plate or film, is provided with an electrically conductive coating. At least one plate or film and its conductive coating are transparent and the other may be mirrored. The plates or films are joined together and form a volume filled with an electrochromic medium which comprises at least one reducible electrochromic substance OX2 and at least one oxidizable electrochromic substance RED1. The OX2 corresponds to the formula in which R201 and R202, each are alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, aryl, ?[C(PQ)]? or a bivalent bridge B, Z201 is a bivalent radical of the formulae CR210R211, O, C?O or o-phenylene, R210 and R211, each are hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or CR210R211 is C3- to C7-cycloalkane-1,1-diyl. The rings C, D, E and F, each may be substituted by up to 4 alkyl and/or alkoxy radicals, or respectively, may be linked via a —(CH2)4— or —CH?CH—CH?CH— bridge. P and Q, each are —CN or —COO-alkyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel photoinitiators and their use in light adjustable compositions. The initiatives comprise two or more multiphoton chromophores linked by a bridging compound. The bridging compound consists of a material that is compatible with the base material of the light adjustable composition. The novel photoinitiator permit the readjustment of light adjustable material without the need for significant amounts of photoabsorbers.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a pellet type LiF element for a thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) and its preparation. More particularly, the disclosure concerns the pellet type LiF element for a thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) which includes 0.35˜0.12% by mole of Mg source; 0.08˜0.001% by mole of Cu source; 1.3˜0.5% by mole of Na source; and 1.3˜0.5% by mole of Si source as dopants. The pellet type LiF element according to the present invention shows excellent sensitivity and has the preferred glow curve with a simple and single main peak.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ultraviolet light curable mar resistant composition and method for making such a composition that may be used to produce an mar resistant layer. The disclosed composition does not contain any significant amount of volatile organic solvents that do not become incorporated in the active layer after curing.

Abstract: Electrolyte solutions of soluble bifunctional redox dyes in molten salt solvent may be used to prepare electrooptic devices with enhanced stability toward ultraviolet radiation. The solvents include lithium or quaternary ammonium cations, and perfluorinated sulfonylimide anions selected from trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3?), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3SO2)2N?), bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ((CF3CF2SO2)2N?) and tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide ((CF3SO2)3C?).

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming a three-dimensional (3D) dosimetric map in a solid translucent or transparent polymer and to an article of manufacture comprising a polymer formulated to capture data imparted by incident penetrating radiation. The present invention provides a method of preparation of a solid translucent or transparent polymer matrix capable of detecting and displaying a dose or doses of penetrating radiation by forming within the polymeric matrix a 3D dosimetric map which is measurable and quantifiable by various known procedures. The dosimetric map is representative of the 3D distribution of the dose or doses of the penetrating radiation to which the polymer had been exposed and can be quantified at high spatial resolution, thereby providing an accurate, stable, storable record in three dimensions of the radiation exposure or dosing event(s).

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to electrochromic polymers and polymer electrochromic devices. In a specific embodiment, two complementary polymers can be matched and incorporated into dual polymer electrochromic devices. The anodically coloring polymers in accordance with the subject invention can allow control over the color, brightness, and environmental stability of an electrochromic window. In addition, high device contrast ratios, high transmittance changes, and high luminance changes can be achieved, along with half-second switching times for full color change. Also provided are electrochromic devices such as advertising signage, video monitors, stadium scoreboards, computers, announcement boards, warning systems for cell phones, warning/information systems for automobiles, greeting cards, electrochromic windows, billboards, electronic books, and electrical wiring. The subject invention also provides for the use of complementary electrochromic polymers in the manufacture of electrochromic devices.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed an oxygen scavenging composition, comprising an oxygen scavenging polymer comprising units having structure I: wherein R is selected from the group consisting of —H and —C1-C6 alkyls and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and an oxidation catalyst. The oxygen scavenging polymer can be used to form an oxygen scavenging packaging article.

Abstract: The claims are drawn to a method of detecting seal breakage or incomplete seal formation in a package, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing said package, prior to sealing, with a strip or ring of an indicator comprising an oxygen scavenging composition which includes a source of labile hydrogen or electrons and at least one reducible organic compound, wherein said strip or ring is located on an internal surface adjacent to where a seal is to be formed, (ii) treating the strip or ring with electromagnetic energy so as to reduce the reducible organic compound to a reduced form which is oxidizable by ground state molecular oxygen regardless of the presence of a transition metal catalyst and such that, when oxidized, there is a detectable change in a characteristic of said composition selected from the group consisting of: colour, fluorescence emission and UV-visible, infrared or near-infrared absorption, (iii) subjecting said package to a sealing process intended to seal the package, and (iv) detec

Abstract: The process comprises, (a) adding to a polymerizable composition containing a component A comprising at least one silane compound containing at least one epoxy group and at least two alkoxy groups directly bonded to the Si atom of the molecule or hydrolysate thereof and a component B comprising fine particles of silica, an effective amount of at least one cationic photopolymerization initiator and an effective amount of at least one thermal polymerization catalyst, (b) coating at least one surface of the substrate with the composition resulting from step (a), (c) submitting the coated substrate to a photopolymerization step for pre-curing the coating layer; and thereafter, (d) submitting the substrate with the pre-cured coating layer thereon to a thermal curing at a predetermined temperature and for a predetermined time to complete curing of the coating layer.

Abstract: A photocurable silver composition is provided which comprises an ultraviolet light curable organic mixture, a photoinitiator, a silver powder, and a silver flake composition. The silver flake composition comprises at least 20% of the weight of the silver powder. The disclosed compositions may be used to produce silver-containing coatings on a variety of different substrates. Related methods are provided.

Abstract: A component containing a supporting substrate, and thereover a layer comprised of a alkylimido-monobenzamidazole-perinone-perylene or a bisalkylimido-perinone-perylene of the alternative following formulas wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 are, for example, independently alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: A neutron detector composed of a matrix of scintillating particles imbedded in a lithiated glass is disclosed. The neutron detector detects the neutrons by absorbing the neutron in the lithium-6 isotope which has been enriched from the natural isotopic ratio to a commercial ninety five percent. The utility of the detector is optimized by suitably selecting scintillating particle sizes in the range of the alpha and the triton. Nominal particle sizes are in the range of five to twenty five microns depending upon the specific scintillating particle selected.

Abstract: Disclosed are highly efficient multiphoton absorbing compounds and methods of their use. The compounds generally include a bridge of pi-conjugated bonds connecting electron donating groups or electron accepting groups. The bridge may be substituted with a variety of substituents as well. Solubility, lipophilicity, absorption maxima and other characteristics of the compounds may be tailored by changing the electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, the substituents attached to or the length of the pi-conjugated bridge. Numerous photophysical and photochemical methods are enabled by converting these compounds to electronically excited states upon simultaneous absorption of at least two photons of radiation. The compounds have large two-photon or higher-order absorptivities such that upon absorption, one or more Lewis acidic species, Lewis basic species, radical species or ionic species are formed.

Abstract: A method for patterning an optical property on a optical element that includes selectively applying an energy source to an optical element to pattern an optical property thereon. A method is disclosed where the optical element includes metal halide particles dispersed in the optical element. A method is also disclosed where localized heating includes pre-heating the optical element and heating a small region of the optical element with sufficient energy for metal halide particles to relax in shape. An additional method is disclosed for patterning an optical property on an optical element that includes fusing pieces of optical element containing the optical property with pieces of optical element without the optical property by heat treatment.

Abstract: The present invention is related to photonic crystal devices that comprise novel mesoscopic periodic materials which comprise polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays (CCA) and at least one photosensitive component. Preferably, the photosensitive component is a photochromic molecule and more preferably the component is an azobenzene derivative. Methods for making these devices are also disclosed. The devices of the present invention are useful in many applications including, for example, optical switches, display devices and memory storage devices. The devices of the present invention permit the possibility to write with ultraviolet light and erase with visible light. In addition, the present invention is related to a functionalized polymerized crystalline colloidal array which preferably comprises reactive epoxide groups. The present invention is further directed to a photosensitive polymerized crystalline colloidal array.

Abstract: The invention discloses a composition and method of absorbing and/or detecting the presence of ignitable liquids. The composition includes a hydrophobic polymer, a hydrophobic long-chain carboxylic acid and, optionally, a hydrophobic solvent indicator dye and a hydrophobic white metallic oxide. The composition may be applied to an area suspected of containing an ignitable liquid and allowed to remain on the area for a time period sufficient to react with the ignitable liquid. If an ignitable liquid is present, the composition will form an aggregate by agglomeration with the ignitable liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-photon absorption composition containing a two-photon absorbing compound having a two-photon absorption cross-section of 102 GM (1 GM=1×10−50 cm4 s molecule−1 photon−1) or more. The high sensitive two-photon absorption composition which can bring about two-photon absorption using a laser having a relatively low power is provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ultraviolet light curable mar resistant composition and method for making such a composition that may be used to produce an mar resistant layer. The disclosed composition does not contain any significant amount of volatile organic solvents that do not become incorporated in the active layer after curing.