Abstract: A deinking agent comprising an ester mixture as the active ingredient, wherein the ester mixture is obtained by adding ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to a mixture obtained by reacting a natural fat or a reaction product, obtained by preliminarily reacting a natural fat with glycerol, with a monohydric or dihydric alcohol in such a manner as to give a molar ratio of the alcohol to the glycerol in the natural fat of from 0.02/1 to 1/1. By using the deinking agent of the present invention, a less sticky deinked pulp can be obtained without any foaming troubles or dulling.

Abstract: A composition and method for the improved deinking of groundwood newsprint is disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of: 1) an anionic surfactant, e.g., the ammonium or sodium salts of a sulfated ethoxylate derived from a 12 to 14 carbon linear primary alcohol blend, and 2) a dispersant, e.g., naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates. The method comprises administering a sufficient amount of this combined treatment to a sample of groundwood newsprint for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: Alkoxylated alkyl amines and alkoxylated alkyl guanidines are excellent collectors when used in mineral froth flotation to remove quartz, micaceous minerals, chlorite, pyrite and other mineral impurities from finely ground calcium carbonate to control tint, color, and abrasiveness.

Abstract: Particles of a calcium borate mineral, such as colemanite or ulexite, are recovered from an ore by a froth flotation process using a dialkyl sulfosuccinate as collector. Suitable dialkyl sulfosuccinates include sodium or ammonium dinonyl sulfosuccinate, sodium or ammonium di-isodecyl sulfosuccinate, and sodium or ammonium dialauryl sulfosuccinate. The dialkyl sulfosuccinates may be used as aqueous solutions or as solutions in solvents consisting of water and methylated spirit, a dihydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol or hexylene glycol or a monohydric alcohol containing more than 5 carbons. Preferred collectors are the dinonyl sulfosuccinate salts, such as a compound of the formula, ##STR1## wherein X.sup.+ is a counterion.

Abstract: A hydrophobic polyvinyl chloride chip composition is described which has a preferred affinity for air when in water. The chip is supernatant in water after contact with air and has a skin layer containing a surface conditioning agent.A method for separating a PET/PVC chip admixture is also disclosed. The chip admixture is contacted with a surface conditioning agent to produce relatively hydrophobic polyvinyl chloride chips which can be floated in an aerated aqueous medium. The polyethylene terephthalate chips are recovered from the bottom of the aqueous medium. The flotation can be conducted in pure water without frothing or densifying agents.

Abstract: Collector compositions for use in froth flotation processes for the beneficiation of gold, silver and platinum group values from base metal ores are disclosed. The collector compositions comprise at least one dithiophosphate compound of the formula: ##STR1## and at least one allylalkylthionocarbamate of the formula: ##STR2## wherein each R is, individually, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical. The use of the collector combination provides excellent selective recovery of the gold, silver and platinum group metal values into froth flotation processes conducted under neutral to alkaline conditions.

Abstract: Contaminated soils are treated in that an aqueous slurry of the soil is separated into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction, the fine fraction is subjected to flotation, the resulting froth is dewatered and then carried away as a pollutant concentrate, and the underflow from the flotation is dewatered and is then carried away as purified soil. An emulsified oily vegetable oil is used as a collector agent for the selective flotation or an emulsified light mineral oil is used as a collector agent for the selective flotation and a light mineral oil is stirred as a conditioning agent into the fine fraction before it is subjected to the selective flotation.

Abstract: Particles of a desired mineral are separated from an aqueous slurry containing the desired particles and particles of an undesired mineral by adding a collector, a frother and an alkylated polymer of vinylpyrrolidone, and then floating off the desired particles in a froth flotation cell.

Abstract: A thin film semiconductor device and a liquid crystal display apparatus are provided wherein the thin film semiconductor device having light irradiated thereon is cut off by a conductor layer, and the ight can be prevented from reaching the semiconductor layer. As a result, the generation of carriers due to optical excitation does not occur and the off current can be reduced. Because there is no area where electric field intensity in an opposed direction to the source electrode and the drain electrode is weaker than the electric field intensity of the channel region in the semiconductor layer, even after an operation for a prolonged duration under the irradiation of light, carriers generated by optical excitation are not accumulated in the semiconductor layer, and the probability of trapping for the carriers into a gate insulating film is quite low, and therefore variations in the characteristics of the thin film semiconductor device are negligibly small.

Abstract: Flotation aids, for use in ore flotation and beneficiation processes, comprising polyamines in the presence of fluorosubstituted organic compounds, either mixed therewith or at least partially-neutralized thereby, such that the resulting compositions separate silicate impurities and the like while also modifying and/or suppressing the froth generated. The synergistic nature of such compositions, certain embodiments of which are structurally novel, provide a cost-effective route to higher yields and increased production rates.

Abstract: A novel flotation aid for use in the flotation removal of contaminates or impurities from mineral slurries. The flotation aid is an alkali aluminate compound. The flotation aid may be incorporated into a flotation reagent system that includes a chemical collector.

Abstract: A flocculating agent which comprises: a particulate ethylene oxide polymer present in an amount of between about 20 to about 35% by weight; an inert liquid vehicle comprising a mixture of a glycol which is present in an amount between about 25 to about 30% by weight, and glycerine which is present in an amount between about 45 to about 50% by weight, wherein the specific gravity of the ethylene oxide polymer is approximately the same as the specific gravity of the inert liquid vehicle; and a suspension agent which is present in an amount between about 0.4 to about 0.6% by weight, wherein the flocculating agent has a viscosity in the range between about 1800 to about 5900 cps.

Abstract: Dialkylated aryl monosulfonic acids or salts thereof or their mixture are useful as collectors in the flotation of minerals, particularly oxide minerals. Particularly useful are those sulfonic acids or salts in which the alkyl substituents are unsymmetrical. Collector compositions comprising these salts and sulfide collectors such as xanthates are useful in flotations conducted at natural pH of the slurry.

Abstract: Dialkylated aryl sulfonic acids or salts thereof or their mixture are useful as collectors in the flotation of minerals, particularly oxide minerals. Collector compositions comprising these salts and oleic acid are particularly useful in hard water. Collector compositions comprising these salts and sulfide collectors such as xanthates are useful in flotations conducted at natural pH of the slurry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an deinking agent used for reproduction of printed waste papers such as newspapers, magazines, leaflets and the like, and mainly contains one or more additives selected from the group comprising(a) additives made by adding one or more selected from alkylene oxides to at least one selected from dimer acids and polymer acids of higher unsaturated fatty acids having a carbon number of 16-20;(b) additives made by adding one or more selected from alkylene oxides to at least one selected from partial esters which are made of an alcohol having a carbon number of 1-18 and dimer acids and polymer acids of higher unsaturted fatty acids having a carbon number of 16-20;(c) additives made by adding one or more selected from alkylene oxides to one or more selected from dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid monoesters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved flotation composition comprising a mixture of (A) at least one metal salt of a phosphorus acid represented by the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently a hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy of hydrocarbylthio group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, each X is independently oxygen or sulfur, and the lowest oxidation state of the metal is plus two, and (B) at least one dithiocarbamate represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein each R.sub.2 is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or R.sub.2 taken together with R.sub.3 and the nitrogen atom form a five, six or seven member heterocyclic group; each R.sub.3 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or R.sub.3 taken together with R.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom form a five, six or seven member heterocyclic group; and R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbylene group having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the froth flotation separation of phosphate containing minerals by the use of a new collector agent is described. The new phosphate collector agent is prepared by mixing a fatty acid, tall oil pitch, an amine, and optionally sarcosine with fuel or furnace oil, and subsequently oxidizing the mixture by known methods. The new phosphate collector agent is added to the conditioned slurry of the ground and deslimed phosphate containing ore. The slurry is then subjected to froth flotastion in one or more stages to collect the phosphate concentrate in the froth. The phosphate collector agent is also effective in recovering phosphates from slime.

Abstract: Bis(alkylthio) alkanes or bis(arylthio) alkanes are synthesized by reacting alkenes with excess dialkyl disulfides or diaryl disulfides and are useful in ore flotation process as flotation agents for ores containing metal sulfide minerals.

Abstract: A process is provided for the froth flotation of oxide and salt type minerals utilizing as the collector a combination of a monoester of a dicarboxylic acid of the general formula ##STR1## in which R' is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 7-21 carbon atoms, R" is a hydrocarbon radical with 2-6 carbon atoms and A is an alkylene oxide group derived from an alkylene oxide with 2-4 carbon atoms; and a monocarboxylic acid having the general formulaR'"COOH IIwherein R'" is a hydrocarbon group with 5-23 carbon atoms, the acid as being in an amount to increase the yield and/or the selectivity of the monoester in the flotation of alkaline earth metal-containing oxide and salt type minerals, such as apatite, fluorspar, calcite, baryte, scheelite, dolomite, and magnesite.

Abstract: Silica and siliceous gangue are separated from desired mineral values, particularly iron and phosphate, by reverse froth flotation in the presence of amine collectors and effective amounts of alkanol amines such as diethanol amine.

Abstract: A method for the beneficiation of coal by selective agglomeration and the beneficiated coal product thereof is disclosed wherein coal, comprising impurities, is comminuted to a particle size sufficient to allow impurities contained therein to disperse in water, an aqueous slurry is formed with the comminuted coal particles, treated with a compound, such as a polysaccharide and/or disaccharide, to increase the relative hydrophilicity of hydrophilic components, and thereafter the slurry is treated with sufficient liquid agglomerant to form a coagulum comprising reduced impurity coal.

Abstract: Particles of a calcium borate mineral, such as colemanite or ulexite, are recovered from an ore by a froth flotation process using a dialkyl sulphosuccinate as collector. Suitable dialkyl sulphosuccinates include sodium or ammonium dinonyl sulphosuccinate, sodium or ammonium di-isodecyl sulphosuccinate, and sodium or ammonium dilauryl sulphosuccinate. The dialkyl sulphosuccinates may be used as aqueous solutions or as solutions in solvents consisting of water and methylated spirit, a dihydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol or hexylene glycol or a monohydric alcohol containing more than 5 carbons.

Abstract: The invention is a collector composition for a flotation process containing a primary or secondary amine or amine salt and at least one of xanthates, dithiophosphates, mercaptobenzothiazoles, xanthogen format and thiococarbamate and a flotation process which utilizer the collector composition.

Abstract: A process for the selective flotation of metal ores is described, wherein ionic organic collectors are utilized, which have the formula: ##STR1## where R and R.sub.1, like or different from each other, represent: H, a halogen, a straight or branched C.sub.1-9 alkyl group, an alkoxyl or hydroxyalkyl group in which the alkyl moiety contains from 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group; and M represents: H, Na, K, Li, Cs, NH.sub.4.

Abstract: A collecting agent and method for the recovery of valuable minerals in the froth flotation beneficiation of non-sulfidic ores is provided. The collecting agent is selected from alkyl glycosides, alkenyl glycosides and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the collecting agent is a combination of an alkyl glycoside, an alkenyl glycoside and mixtures thereof with a non-thio ionizable surfactant collector. Glycosides containing from about 2 to 8 glycoside residues may be used. The alkyl and alkenyl components of these glycosides may be linear or branched, may contain from about 2 to 18 carbon atoms and may optionally contain a hydroxyl group or an ether linkage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved process for beneficiating an ore-containing sulfide material. In particular, the process is useful for beneficiating ores and recovering metals such as gold, copper, lead, molybdenum, zinc, etc., from the ores. In one embodiment, the process comprises the steps of:(1) forming a slurry comprising at least one crushed mineral-containing ore, water and a collector which is a mixture of (A) at least one metal salt of a phosphorus acid represented by the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently a hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbylthio group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, each X is independently oxygen or sulfur, and the lowest oxidation state of the metal is plus two, and (B) at least one thio compound comprising (i) at least one dithiocarbamate represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein each R.sub.2 is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or R.sub.2 taken together with R.sub.

Abstract: A process for froth flotation for the recovery of sulfide minerals, or sulfidized oxide minerals, from their ores utilizing a 5-Alkyl, 5-Alkenyl, or 5 Aryl-1,3,5,-Dithiazine as a collector reagent, either alone or in combination with other known collector reagents in the froth flotation of an aqueous pulp of such ores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved process for beneficiating an ore-containing sulfide material. In particular, the process is useful for beneficiating ores and recovering metals such as gold, copper, lead, molybedenum, zinc, etc., from the ores. In one embodiment, the process comprises the steps of:(1) forming a slurry comprising at least one crushed mineral-containing ore, water and a collector which is at least one metal salt of a phosphorus acid represented by the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently a hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbylthio group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, each X is independently oxygen or sulfur, and wherein the metal is i) at least one single metal having a lowest oxidation state of plus two or ii) at least one mixture of metals wherein at least one of the metals has a lowest oxidation state of plus two, provided that when the primary mineral is copper, zinc or silver, the metal (i) is other than zinc.

Abstract: A sequential flotation process for the separation of components of an ore containing sulfides of copper and molybdenum involves initially effecting selective flotation of the copper component directly from the ore by conditioning the ore with a combination of a source of bisulfite ion and causticized starch to produce a conditioned ore having a pH between approximately 5.2 and 6.2, and thereafter treating the conditioned ore with a collector selected from the group consisting of dialkyl dithiophosphates and alkyl dithiophosphinates.

Abstract: A method of flotation of sulfides wherein pyrrhotite is depressed by use of a water-soluble polyamine while non-ferrous metal-containing sulfide or sulfidized minerals are floated selectively.

Abstract: A sequential flotation process for the separation of components of a sulfide ore selected from the group consisting of copper and lead sulfide containing ores and copper, zinc and lead sulfide containing ores in which the copper component is initially selectively floated directly from said ore by conditioning the ore with a combination of a source of bisulfite ion and causticized starch to produce a conditioned ore having a pH between approximately 5.7 and 6.5, and thereafter treating the conditioned ore with a collector selected from the group consisting of dialkyl dithiophosphates and alkyl dithiophosphinates.

Abstract: Novel fatty amines, amides and salts thereof may be made from the reaction of polyoxyalkylenepolyamine residues with fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters under relatively mild reaction conditions in the absence of a catalyst. Remarkably, the residues or bottoms products from the synthesis of polyoxyalkylenepolyamines, such as triethylene glycol diamine and tetraethylene glycol diamine, also known as JEFFAMINE.RTM. EDR amines, may be reacted with the fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters to give materials useful in corrosion inhibitors, pigment wetting agents, mineral flotation and flocculation aids, asphalt emulsifiers, surfactants, detergents, petroleum additives, etc.

Abstract: A flotation process is disclosed wherein the selectivity to the valuable mineral is improved by the depression of silica or siliceous gangue by the use of a hydroxy-containing compound such as an alkanol amine. The process is useful in the flotation of oxide minerals as well as in sulfide flotation.

Abstract: Ores of metal oxides and oxide-like compounds such as chromite and pyrochlore are beneficiated by froth flotation in the presence of substituted amino phosphonic acids or salts thereof.

Abstract: Particles of a desired mineral are recovered from particles of an unwanted mineral in an aqueous slurry by means of a froth flotation process in which, after treatment of the mineral particles with a collector, a predominantly hydrophobic polymeric flocculating agent, which will selectively flocculate the desired mineral particles, is added to the slurry.The predominantly hydrophobic polymeric flocculating agent may be for example a polyvinyl ether or a polybutandiene and may be predispersed in a carrier liquid, which may be the frother used to produce the froth.

Abstract: A new depressant for use in enhanced separation of polymetallic sulphides is described. The depressant agent is used in conjunction with conventional collector agents and forthing agents in the flotation separation of copper, nickel, lead, zinc sulphides by depressing iron sulphides such as pyrrhotite, pyrite and marcasite in the tailing. The depressant consists of a cross-linked starch chemically combined with a polyacrylate and sugar free lignin sulphonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the separation of minerals by flotation in the presence of activators and suppressors. Activators are cation-active condensation products and suppressors are anion-active products of aminoplast formers, formaldehyde and amines, ammonium salts, acids or a sulphite, in combination with either an anion-active or cation-active tensides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for beneficiating an ore containing sulfide materials with selective rejection of pyrite, pyrrhotite and other minerals and gangue. In particular, the process is useful for beneficiating ores and recovering metals such as copper, lead, zinc, etc., from said ores. In one embodiment the process comprises the steps of:(A) forming a slurry of at least one crushed mineral-containing ore, water and at least one collector which is an acid, or an anhydride, ester, ammonium salt or metal salt of the acid that is represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently a hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbylthio group;each X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is independently sulfur or oxygen;R.sub.3 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group, hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group;a is 0 or 1;b is 0 or 1;c is 1 or 2;Q is a divalent, trivalent or tetravalent hydrocarbyl group or --C(X.sub.3)NR.sub.5 Q';X.sub.

Abstract: A novel flotation aid for use in the flotation removal of contaminates or impurities from mineral slurries. The flotation aid is an alkali aluminate compound. The flotation aid may be incorporated into a flotation reagent system that includes a chemical collector.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of mineral values from base metal and precious metal ores is disclosed. Specifically, a froth flotation process is disclosed which comprises contacting an aqueous ore slurry with an effective amount of a dihydroxyalkyl group containing polysaccharide, a mineral collector and a frothing agent.

Abstract: A flotation process is disclosed for cleaning of particulate coal and separation therefrom of pyrite and ash. A flotation pulp is prepared comprising a particulate coal feed material and an anionic surfactant selected from among alkanesulfonic acids, alkenesulfonic acids, alkynesulfonic acids, arenesulfonic acids, alkyl sulfuric acids, alkenyl sulfuric acids, alkynyl sulfuric acids, aryl sulfuric acids and salts of these acids. Among the particularly preferred surfactants are substituted ethenesulfonic acids and salts thereof. Other preferred embodiments include the use of at least about 0.3 pound surfactant per ton of particulate feed material; implementation of the process via aggregate flotation, in which at least about 50% by weight of the particulate coal feed material is smaller than about 400 mesh; and use of combinations of anionic surfactants and nonionic frothing agents. A novel composition of matter comprising the anionic surfactants adn a nonionic compound is also disclosed.

Abstract: Various acrylic acid allyl/thiourea polymers and their use as depressants in the beneficiation of sulfide minerals from ores are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for beneficiating an ore. In particular, the process is useful for beneficiating ores and recovering metal values such as gold, copper, lead, molybdenum, zinc, etc., from the ores. In one embodiment, the process comprises(A) forming a slurry comprising at least one crushed mineral-containing ore, water and a collector which is at least one carbamate represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sub.1 is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 taken together with R.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom form a five, six or seven member heterocyclic group; each R.sub.2 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, or R.sub.2 taken together with R.sub.1 and the nitrogen atom form a five, six or seven member heterocyclic group; and R.sub.

Abstract: Alkylated diaryl oxide monosulfonic acids or salts thereof or their mixture are useful as collectors in the flotation of minerals, particularly oxide minerals.

Abstract: The invention resides in the use of a bacterial cellulose as a depressant for readily flotatable silicate minerals in an ore flotation process. Depending on the particular ore being treated, from 0.2-1.5 lb/ton of ore of the bacterial cellulose is effective as a talcose mineral depressant. Usually only about 0.10-0.25 lb/ton of the bacterial cellulose will produce optimum results.

Abstract: A method for separating ash and sulfur (including pyritic sulfur) contaminants from coal in a flotation process. The method comprises the steps of grinding the coal to small particlate size, forming a slurry of the ground coal and mixing the slurry with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of peroxy compounds, peroxides and superoxides the preferred compound being oxone which is a mixture of potassium monopersulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate and potassium sulfate. This slurry is allowed to react to condition the particulate coal and develop increased hydrophobicity for the coal while depressing the sulfur contaminants and ash during froth flotation.

Abstract: Fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers terminally blocked by hydrophobic radicals are used as co-collectors together with cationic or ampholytic surfactant components in the flotation of non-sulfidic ores.

Abstract: A process for purifying calcium carbonate ore by the removal of silicate impurities from the ore by reverse flotation. The process achieves high yields and low Acid Insoluble content of the calcium carbonate product by employing novel collectors. These novel collectors which characterize the invention comprise organo-nitrogen compounds including hydroxypropylated quaternary ammonium compound, unsymmetrical dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds and dialkyl hexahydropyrimidine compounds.

Abstract: Various 1,4-disubstituted-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1,4-diphosphorinanes, their oxides and sulfides, methods for the production thereof, flame-retarded compositions of matter containing them and froth flotation processes therewith, are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for selective flotation of phosphate minerals, wherein a compound of the formula 1a or 1b ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is branched or unbranched C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 -alkenyl, R.sup.2 is branched or unbranched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and M is hydrogen, ammonium, triethanolammonium, an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom, is added as a collecting agent to the flotation suspension.