Abstract: A processing agent for synthetic fibers contains a lubricant, a functional improvement agent and an emulsifier, each containing a specified kinds of components by a specified amount and also by a specified amount and also by specified total amount so as to have improved characteristics of preventing occurrence of fluffs, yard breaking and uneven dyeing when applied to synthetic fibers at a specified rate.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention a deodorizing composition comprising an effective amount of an inorganic salt, at least one odor-counteracting material, and an optional additive is provided. In another aspect of the present invention a method of using an inorganic salt, at least one of a malodor counteractant, an odor absorbent, and an odor-masking agent, and an optional additive in a solid composition for removing a malodor from a textile is provided. In yet another aspect of the present invention, a process for removing a malodor from a textile is provided. The present invention comprises compositions and kits based thereon, and methods for the preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention a deodorizing composition comprising an effective amount of an inorganic salt, at least one odor-counteracting material, and an optional additive is provided. In another aspect of the present invention a method of using an inorganic salt, at least one of a malodor counteractant, an odor absorbent, and an odor-masking agent, and an optional additive in a solid composition for removing a malodor from a textile is provided. In yet another aspect of the present invention, a process for removing a malodor from a textile is provided. The present invention comprises compositions and kits based thereon, and methods for the preparation and use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of end groups Y, where Y stands for CF3O— or F5S—, as hydrophobic end group in surface-active compounds, corresponding novel compounds, and processes for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber product treating agent and a method of increasing the longevity of perfume in a fiber product treating agent. The present invention specifically relates to a fiber product treating agent containing (a) a compounds represented by the following formulae (1-1) and (1-2) and (b) a perfume, wherein the content of compounds as component (a) in which the carbon number of R11 is 21 or more is 50% by weight or more, or a fiber product treating agent comprising the above components (a) and (b), wherein the content of perfumery components having a boiling point of 250° C. or more and a logPow of 3 or more is 20% by weight or more in the component (b), and a method of using the above component (a) to increase the longevity of the perfume in the fiber product treating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benefit agent containing delivery particles, compositions comprising said particles, and processes for making and using the aforementioned particles and compositions. When employed in compositions, for example, compositions for cleaning, fabric care, or coating onto various substrates, textiles or surfaces, such particles increase the efficiency of benefit agent delivery, thereby allowing reduced amounts of benefit agents to be employed. In addition to allowing the amount of benefit agent to be reduced, such particles allow a broad range of benefit agents to be employed.

Abstract: A processing agent for synthetic fibers contains a lubricant, a functional improvement agent and an emulsifier, each containing a specified kinds of components by a specified amount and also by a specified total amount so as to have improved characteristics of preventing occurrence of fluffs, yard breaking and uneven dyeing when applied to synthetic fibers at a specified rate.

Abstract: A composition for softening an absorbent tissue having from about 10% to about 60% by weight of a quaternary ammonium softening active ingredient; free amine compounds at a level such that the softening composition has a tertiary to quaternary amine ratio of greater than about 0.06 and less than about 0.2; an aqueous vehicle in which said softening active ingredient is dispersed; and from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of a high polymer; wherein the high polymer has a weight-average molecular weight of from about 2,000,000 to about 25,000,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reinforcement yarns coated with a sizing composition comprising at least one silane satisfying the formula: Si(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4) in which: R1, R2 and R3 are chosen from the following atoms or groups: —H (except in the case of R3), —Cl, —O—R5, —O—R6—O—R5, —O—(C?O)—R5, —O—R6—(C?O)—R5, R5 and R6 being chosen from hydrocarbon radicals whose main chain has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R4?—R7—NHR8 R7 being chosen from branched hydrocarbon radicals whose main chain has from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R8 being chosen from the following groups: —H, —R9—NH2, —R10—NH—R9—NH2, R9 being chosen from hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms or from carbonyls, and R10 being chosen from hydrocarbon radicals whose main chain has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The glass yarns according to the invention are particularly suitable for reinforcing organic materials, the yarns and composites obtained resisting in a corrosive medium.

Abstract: A two-part sizing composition including a precursor size composition and a binder composition, the binder composition being substantially free of any aminosilane coupling agent for is provided for the production of reinforcing fiber materials that exhibit little or no coloration. The two-part sizing composition may be advantageously employed to make substantially colorless, densified fiber pellets of a reinforcing fiber material. The densified fiber pellets may be produced by applying the sizing composition to reinforcing fiber strands, chopping the reinforcing fiber strands to form chopped strand segments, applying the binder composition, and palletizing and densifying the coated chopped strand segments to form flowable densified fiber pellets.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sizing composition composed of a solution comprising at least 5% by weight of solvent and comprising a thermally curable base system, said system comprising at least 60% by weight of components with a molecular mass of less than 750 and at least 60% by weight of components of a mixture exhibiting at least one epoxy reactive functional group, at least one amine, preferably primary or secondary amine, reactive functional group, and at least one hydroxyl reactive functional group. Another subject matter of the invention relates to the glass strands coated with the abovementioned sizing composition. The glass strands obtained are capable of being used to reinforce organic or inorganic materials.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and compositions for affecting indoor air quality, such as by reducing particulates in indoor air and providing allergen control comprising using surfactant-free cleaning compositions to remove particulate matter such as soils and stains from fibers and surfaces comprising fibers such as indoor carpeting and upholstery, and to prevent redeposition of particles and other soil or stain components on indoor environmental surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a softening base and a softener having biodegradability employing a quaternary ammonium salt composition comprising (M) a monoester quaternary salt represented by the formula (I), (D) a diester quaternary salt represented by the formula (II) and (T) a triester quaternary salt represented by the formula (III), wherein the amount of (M) is 15 to 85% by weight, the amount of (D) is 0 to 44% by weight and the amount of (T) is 15 to 85% by weight based on the total amounts of (M), (D) and (T). The present invention also provides a process for producing the softener base and composition. wherein R, R1, n and X? are defined herein.

Abstract: A processing agent for synthetic fibers contains four specified kinds of components (Components A, B, C and D) each by a specified amount and also by a specified total amount so as to have improved characteristics of preventing occurrence of fluffs yard breaking and uneven dyeing when applied to synthetic fibers at a specified rate.

Abstract: Antistatic agents for synthetic polymer materials have phosphonium sulfonate made from organic sulfonate anion and organic phosphonium cation of specified kinds as significant component and also contain alkali metal ions and/or alkali earth metal ions at total concentration of 0.1–300 ppm.

Abstract: An aqueous glass fiber sizing composition that includes a polymeric film forming component, at least one silane coupling agent, and one or more lubricants is provided. The polymeric film forming component of the sizing composition includes a silanated polyvinyl acetate, an epoxidized polyvinyl acetate, and a modified epoxy emulsion. In preferred embodiments, the film formers are present in the sizing composition in ratios of 70:25:5, 50:25:25, or 63:18:18 of silanated polyvinyl acetate, epoxidized polyvinyl acetate, and modified epoxy emulsion respectively. Fibers sized with the sizing composition in a sheet molding compound process have improved wet-out characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an emulsion for use as a lubricant in the production of threads, containing: a) 30 to 90 percent by weight of a mineral oil with a viscosity of at least 8.5 mm2/s at 100° C. and b) 11 to 60 percent by weight of an emulsifier selected from sorbitan monoesters, derivatives of sorbitan monoesters, sorbitan diesters, derivatives of sorbitan diesters, sorbitan triesters, derivatives of sorbitan triesters, polyglyerol esters, derivatives of polyglyerol esters, polyricinoleate, derivatives of polyricinoleate, and mixtures thereof. The threads are used for the production of filters for tobacco products.

Abstract: Burn noble metal in high-pressure water using hydrogen and oxygen to produce noble metal micro-dispersion water in which super-fine noble metal particles are dispersed, and use the obtained noble metal micro-dispersion water to treat fiber products in order to provide high-function fiber products, typically clothes, which offer excellent health-promoting function and cleanliness-improving function.

Abstract: The present spin finish composition comprises at least about 10 percent by weight based on the spin finish composition of components (a) and (b) having the formula R1—(CO)x—O—(CH(R2)—CH2—O)y—(CO)z—R3 wherein each of R1 and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to 22 carbon atoms or an alkylene hydroxy group having from one to 22 carbon atoms, x is zero or one, R2 may vary within component (a) or component (b) and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms, y is zero, or from one to 25, and z is zero or one, in component (a), x and z are equal to zero and the average molecular weight of component (a) is less than or equal to 1,900 and if R2 varies, component (a) is a random copolymer; and in component (b), at least x or z is equal to one or component (b) is a complex polyoxyethylene glyceride-containing compound having greater than 10 polyoxyethylene units; up to about five percent by weight base

Abstract: The invention relates to amido-functional aminopolydiorganosiloxanes, a method for the preparation thereof, formulations containing such amido-functional aminopolydiorganosiloxanes, and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substrate comprising fabric, the substrate treated with a composition comprising: a) formaldehyde; b) polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of from about 700 gm/mol to about 2500 gm/mol; and c) an acid catalyst; wherein the treated substrate has at least three enhanced fabric benefits, said benefits selected from the group consisting of: i) durable press; ii) hand feel; iii) anti-abrasion; iv) anti-shrinkage; and v) anti-yellowing. The present invention further relates to a system and a process for providing a substrate having the above described enhanced fabric benefits.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I: wherein R, R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or linear or branched C1 to C10 alkyl, or linear or branched C1 to C10 alkoxy; R3 is selected from the group consisting of COCH3, CO2R7, CONH2, CON(R8)2, CN, COX(CH2)n-N—(R4)(R5)(R6), and the quaternized salt form of the formula COX(CH2)n-N—(R4)(R5)(R6)+Y?; X is O or NH; n is an integer of 1 to 5; Y is an anion; R4, R5 and R6 are independently linear or branched C1 to C30 alkyl; and R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl. Sunscreen formulations containing compounds of Formula I, and methods for protecting hair, skin and substrates such as polymers, textiles, fabrics, leathers and paints using the compounds herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds (A) with at least one structural unit of formula (I), wherein X represents groups of formula —CR1?CR2— or a carbonyl group C?O, R1 and R2 meaning hydrogen or essentially organic radicals, Z means essentially organic radicals, n means a number from 0 to 3 and p means a number from 0 to 5, as UV absorbers with an affinity for textile fibres, for protecting the human skin from harmful UV radiation and for protecting dyed textile materials from fading.

Abstract: A sizing composition for glass fibers comprises at least one film-former, at least one silane comprising an alkenyl group comprising a straight chain segment of at least five carbon atoms, wherein at least one carbon-carbon double bond is terminal and wherein the carbon atoms on the terminal double bond are unsubstituted, and at least one lubricant. The sizing composition can be used to coat glass fibers for use as reinforcement for cycloolefins that cure by the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (“ROMP”) reaction.

Abstract: A sizing composition which is useful for coating glass strands contains a solution having a solvent content of less than 5% by weight. The solution contains at least 45% by weight of components capable of curing. At least 40% of the components capable of curing have a molecular mass of between 750 and 5000. The components capable of curing contain at least one mixture containing a) one or more components having at least one acrylic reactive functional group and/or methacrylic reactive functional group, and b) one or more components having at least one primary amine reactive functional group and/or secondary amine reactive functional group.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrophobic polyolefin-containing fibers or filaments, in particular cardable staple fibers, using spin finishes applied after spinning and stretching, that comprise at least one water-insoluble ester of a mono-, di-, tri- or tetrahydric alcohol with a molecular weight not exceeding 500 and a branched or straight chain fatty acid with between 12 and 30 carbon atoms, e.g. a water-insoluble ester of ethylene or propylene glycol, glycerol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane or trimethylolpropane and at least one saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue having 12-24 carbons atoms, an anionic or nonionic antistatic agent preferably being applied after crimping; fibers produced by the method; and nonwovens produced from such fibers.

Abstract: An azeotropic mixture of perfluorobutylethylene and at least one of the group consisting of bromochloromethane, cyclopentane, cis-1,2 dichloroethylene, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene and dichloromethane useful for cleaning agents, blowing agents and certain of which are suitable for flash spinning of polyolefins to make plexifilamentary fibers.

Abstract: A water-dispersible particle wherein the material comprises (i) one or more polymeric deposition materials having an average repeat unit (I):  wherein at least one or more R groups of the polymer are independently selected from H, a hydrolysable group or a linker group in which when R is a hydrolysable group the degree of substitution is 0 to 3 and when R is a linker group the degree of substitution is 0.01 to 3; (ii) a benefit agent attached to the deposition enhancing part;  characterised in that the water-dispersible particle has a particle size from 20 to 5,000 nm.

Abstract: A composition and method for selectively increasing the resin flow and gel time of an epoxy resin that fills the capillary region between filaments in fiberglass yarns making up a woven fabric. The composition and method are used in the lamination of fiberglass reinforced composites such as copper clad laminates for circuit boards and reduces the occurrence of voids in the capillary region.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to glycidyl ether-capped acetylenic diol ethoxylates having a structure according to the formula: wherein R1 is hydrogen or a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R2 is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; R3=—CH2OR4; R4 is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl group having from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; (n+m) is from 1 to about 100; and (p+q) is from 0.5 to about 5 and its use to reduce equilibrium and dynamic surface tension in water-based compositions containing an organic or inorganic compound, particularly aqueous organic coating, ink, acid gas scrubbing and agricultural compositions.

Abstract: A spin finish applied to industrial yarn. It enhances yarn processability as evidenced by low fuming, improved mechanical quality at lower amounts of spin finish per yarn, improved mechanical quality at higher draw ratios, and minimal depositing. It improves yarn performance as evidenced by improved strength and wicking.

Abstract: An azeotropic mixture of perfluorobutylethylene and at least one of the group consisting of bromochloromethane, cyclopentane, cis-1,2 dichloroethylene, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene and dichloromethane useful for cleaning agents, blowing agents and certain of which are suitable for flash spinning of polyolefins to make plexifilamentary fibers.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a spin finish generating neither tar nor scum in false twisting treatment either of the hot plate contact heating type or of the non-contact heating type using a radiation type high temperature heater and thus enabling long term stable false twisting treatment. This invention provides a spin finish for synthetic fibers which satisfies the following relations (1) and (2): 10≦T≦22  (1) 0≦Re≦0.25  (2) where T is the surface tension (mN/m) of the oil after allowing the same to stand at 220° C. for 1 hour and Re is the percent residue (% by weight) on heating of the oil after allowing the same to stand at 400° C. for 24 hours.

Abstract: A blend capable of being melt fabricated into an antistatic film which has improved antistatic action practically immediately after production comprises ethylene &agr;,&bgr;-ethylenically unsaturated C3-8 carboxylic acid copolymers having 0-90% of the carboxylic acid groups neutralized by metal ions, particularly sodium ions, and an antistatic effective amount of a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid, particularly Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaureate.

Abstract: In a method for improving antistatic properties, the improvement comprising the use of an antistatic composition comprising an ionic antistatic compound and a polar organic solvent; an antistatic composition comprising a nonmetallic antistatic compound, a metallic antistatic compound and a polar organic solvent; a formed article containing an antistatic composition comprising an ionic antistatic compound and a polar organic solvent; and a process for producing a polyurethane foam comprising reacting a polyol solution comprising a polyol component, a blowing agent and a catalyst, with an isocyanate prepolymer in the presence of an antistatic composition comprising an ionic antistatic compound and a polar organic solvent. The antistatic composition can be suitably used as shoe soles for safety shoes, working shoes, and the like.

Abstract: A protective finishing composition for protecting nylon fibers comprises an aqueous mixture of a sulfonated aromatic aldehyde condensation stainblocker, a methacrylate stainblocker, a fluorocarbon-based repellant emulsion, and a naphthalene sulfonated salt fluorocarbon anti-coalescing agent in an amount effective to prevent said fluorocarbon based repellant emulsion from coalescing in the presence of the stainblockers.

Abstract: Materials for, and methods of protecting yarns, fibers, fabrics and finished textiles from the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation. The materials include at least one physical UVR attenuator, having an average particle size below 1000 nanometers, and at least one flexible, film-forming polymeric binder for bonding the material to a fabric surface, wherein the physical UVR attenuator is dispersed within said binder to form an aqueous dispersion. Also disclosed are materials including both physical and chemical UVR attenuators, in which a synergistic protection effect is achieved.

Abstract: Organic fibers are treated with aqueous preparations comprising amino-functional organosilicon compounds of the general formula H2N—R1—SiR2O(SiR2O)iSiR2—R1—NH2 where i is an integer from 1 to 1000, R is an identical or different monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms per radical, and R1 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. The treated organic fibers, particularly in the form of textiles, exhibit a soft hand and good rewettability.

Abstract: A soil-resistant spin finish composition based on select derivitized polyethers is provided that can be applied to a fiber at the earliest stages of spinning, can remain on the fiber through the entire manufacturing process, and can be left on the fiber in the final article of commerce. The spin finish composition provides excellent fiber lubrication during high-speed spin processing, yet is sufficiently soil resistant to negate the need for scouring the final fiber construction, even absent the presence of additional coatings or agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable, aqueous odor-absorbing and wrinkle controlling composition, preferably for use on inanimate surfaces, especially fabrics. The composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of solubilized, water-soluble, uncomplexed cyclodextrin and an effective amount of at least one ingredient to improve the performance of the composition selected from the group consisting of: (1) cyclodextrin compatible surfactant; (2) cyclodextrin compatible antimicrobial active; and (3) mixtures thereof. The composition also comprises a wrinkle control agent which is fabric lubricant, shape retention polymer, hydrophilic plasticizer, lithium salt, or mixtures thereof. Hydrophilic perfume improves acceptance. Optionally, the composition can contain low molecular weight polyols; metallic salts to help control odor; a humectant, etc. The composition is essentially free of any material that would soil or stain fabric.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable, aqueous odor-absorbing and wrinkle controlling composition, preferably for use on inanimate surfaces, especially fabrics. The composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, of solubilized, water-soluble, uncomplexed cyclodextrin and an effective amount of at least one ingredient to improve the performance of the composition selected from the group consisting of: (1) cyclodextrin compatible surfactant; (2) cyclodextrin compatible antimicrobial active; and (3) mixtures thereof. The composition also comprises a wrinkle control agent which is fabric lubricant, shape retention polymer, hydrophilic plasticizer, lithium salt, or mixtures thereof. Hydrophilic perfume improves acceptance. Optionally, the composition can contain low molecular weight polyols; metallic salts to help control odor; a humectant, etc. The composition is essentially free of any material that would soil or stain fabric.

Abstract: Materials for, and methods of protecting yarns, fibers, fabrics and finished textiles from the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation. The materials include at least one physical UVR attenuator, having an average particle size below 1000 nanometers, and at least one flexible, film-forming polymeric binder for bonding the material to a fabric surface, wherein the physical UVR attenuator is dispersed within said binder to form an aqueous dispersion. Also disclosed are materials including both physical and chemical UVR attenuators, in which a synergistic protection effect is achieved.

Abstract: A process for making a fiber finish composition having anti-sling properties involving: (a) providing a lubricant component; (b) providing water; (c) providing a powder-form polyethylene oxide having a weight average molecular weight of more than 106; (d) providing a static in-line mixing apparatus; and (e) mixing (a)-(c) in the static in-line mixing apparatus to form the fiber finish composition.

Abstract: The present spin finish composition comprises at least about 10 percent by weight based on the spin finish composition of components (a) and (b) having the formula

Abstract: A lubricant composition comprises (a) an optionally esterified or etherified reaction product of (i) an alcohol comprising up to 6 hydroxy groups and no heteroatom other than oxygen and (ii) one or more alkylene oxides; and (b) a reaction product of (i) ammonia or an alkanol amine and (ii) one or more alkylene oxides, wherein the average OH-functionality of the reaction products (a) and (b) is up to 4.5 and the total number of units derived from alkylene oxide in the reaction product (b) is up to about 12. The lubricant composition is particularly useful for treating fiber materials.

Abstract: Yarns having a spin finish composition thereon comprising at least about 10 percent by weight based on the spin finish composition of components (a) and (b) having the formula R1(CO)x—O—(CH(R2)—CH2—O)y—(CO)zR3, wherein each of R1 and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or an allyl group having from one to 22 carbon atoms or an alkylene hydroxy group having from one to 22 carbon atoms, x is zero or one, R2 may vary within component (a) or component (b) and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms, y is zero, or fiom one to 25, and z is zero or one, in component (a), x and z are equal to zero and the average molecular weight of component (a) is less than or equal to 1,900 and if R2 varies, component (a) is a random copolymer; and in component (b), at least x or z is equal to one or component (b) is a complex polyoxyethylene glyceride-containing compound having greater than 10 polyoxyethylene units; (c)

Abstract: This invention is a wrinkle relaxing and reducing composition that mimics the dewrinkling effects of steam. Quality water is used as the primary fabric relaxant and wrinkle reducer. A surfactant or combination of surfactants super-wets the fabric allowing the water to work. An acid or several acids lower the pH to ensure that composition is color-safe. Optional hydrophillic fragrance(s) mask the alcohol odor and helps to identify the product. An alcohol or alcohols lower viscosity and hastens the drying process. The mechanical action of gently shaking or brushing fabric with free hand or forming fabric just after application of composition further enhances wrinkle elimination or reduction. Adding optional odor eliminating compounds and/or optional quaternary ammonium compounds keeps fabrics fresh longer, or refreshes malodorous garments by eliminating odorous compounds and/or reduces static cling, respectively, without significantly increasing residues.

Abstract: A textile finish composition containing: (a) an esterquat; and (b) a quatemized fatty acid imidazoline.

Abstract: The present spin finish composition comprises at least about 10 percent by weight based on the spin finish composition of components (a) and (b) having the formula R1—(CO)x—O—(CH(R2)—CH2—O)y—(CO)z—R3 wherein each of R1 and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to 22 carbon atoms or an alkylene hydroxy group having from one to 22 carbon atoms, x is zero or one, R2 may vary within component (a) or component (b) and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms, y is zero, or from one to 25, and z is zero or one, in component (a), x and z are equal to zero and the average molecular weight of component (a) is less than or equal to 1,900 and if R2 varies, component (a) is a random copolymer; and in component (b), at least x or z is equal to one or component (b) is a complex polyoxyethylene glyceride-containing compound having greater than 10 polyoxyethylene u

Abstract: A detergent composition with a softening and protective action of natural fibers, wherein the composition has no cationic surface-active agents, and contains: (a) surface-active agents selected from the group including anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surface-active agents and relative mixtures; (b) esters having the formula (I): R1—CO—O—(—CH2—CH2—O—)a—R2  (I)  wherein: a is between zero and 20; R2 is a mono-functional hydrocarbon radical, having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms; R1 is a mono-functional hydrocarbon radical defined in the claims.