Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel methods for preparing antibacterial aminoglycoside compounds, as well as to related intermediates, and crystal forms thereof, useful in such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic chemistry, pharmacology and medicine and is concerned with the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo, Crohn's disease, colitis, gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome, respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, bronchitis, rhinitis, and also cough and a series of other diseases associated with the activity of opioid and tachykinin receptors and of TRPV1 and TRPM8 ion channels using a 2-phenylethylamine N-(p-hydroxyphenylacetyl)phenylalanine compound The invention, and also pharmaceutically acceptable adducts, hydrates, solvates are agonists of opioid receptors, antagonists of tachykinin receptors and of TRPV1 and TRPM8 ion channels. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to the invention.

Abstract: A device for harvesting radio frequency (RF) energy to generate power includes a first spiral antenna having a first spiral direction, the first spiral antenna having a spiral cross-section shape along a first flat plane. The device includes a second spiral antenna having a second spiral direction opposite the first spiral direction, the second spiral antenna having a spiral cross-section shape along a second plane parallel to the first plane. The device further includes a ground layer between the first and second spiral antennae, the first spiral antenna electrically connected to the second spiral antenna at a center of the first and second spiral antennae by a conductive element passing through the ground layer without contacting the ground layer.

Abstract: This invention provides processes for forming halomagnesium tetrakis(Faryl)borates, which processes comprise bringing together, in an anhydrous liquid organic medium, at least one boron trihalide; at least one Faryl Grignard reagent; and at least one copper compound. Also provided are processes for forming halomagnesium tetrakis(Faryl)borates, which processes comprise bringing together, in an anhydrous liquid organic medium, at least one boron trihalide; at least one copper compound; magnesium metal; and at least one polyhaloaromatic compound.

Abstract: This invention provides processes for forming halomagnesium tetrakis(Faryl)borates, which processes comprise bringing together, in an anhydrous liquid organic medium, at least one boron trihalide; at least one Faryl Grignard reagent; and at least one copper compound. Also provided are processes for forming halomagnesium tetrakis(Faryl)borates, which processes comprise bringing together, in an anhydrous liquid organic medium, at least one boron trihalide; at least one copper compound; magnesium metal; and at least one polyhaloaromatic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymers modified to increase their resorbability. In particular, the polymers of the invention have phenyl ester side chains which are good leaving groups and which thereby increase the resorption rate of the polymer relative to the same polymer, for example, bearing a comparable amount of an alkyl ester side chain. Such polymers are generally water insoluble, but when modified are able to solubilize drugs and upon degradation and resorption, release those in a physiological environment in a controlled and/or sustained manner.

Abstract: ZSM-18 is synthesized from a mixture comprising water, a source of an oxide of a tetravalent element (Y), a source of an oxide of a trivalent element (X), a source of a first cation Q selected from either butamethonium cations or N,N,N,-trimethyl-N-butylammonium cations and a source of at least one second cation M, wherein the second cation M is selected from lithium, strontium, sodium, tetraalkylammonium and mixtures thereof when the first cation, Q is butamethonium cations, and wherein the second cation M is tetramethylammonium when the first cation Q is N,N,N,-trimethyl-N-butylammonium cations.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to nitrogen based hydrocarbon compounds such as pyridines. The method includes the reaction of acetylene with ammonia and controlling the ratio of acetylene to ammonia to generate the desired nitrogen based hydrocarbon compound.

Abstract: The use of Akt3 as a biomarker for detecting the occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a subject, and the use of Akt3 inhibitors to treat cancer is disclosed herein. Also disclosed are various methods for detecting the occurrence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a subject by measuring Akt3 expression and/or activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sublimation purification apparatus and a method for purifying a material for an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Conventional sublimation purification apparatuses are batch type, where one sublimation purification process is performed by loading one source material into the processor chamber, and then unloading a purified material from the process chamber. These processes are manually performed, and thus it is not possible to continuously produce the purified material for the OLED. Therefore, it is difficult to increase a throughput and productivity. According to the invention, loading the source material and unloading the purified material are performed automatically, thus enabling a continuous process of purifying the source material for the OLED.

Abstract: The present invention provides a screen which exploits mechanism-based activity probes that specifically and covalently modify the active site cysteine thiol residue of E3 Ub ligases including, but not limited to the HECT and RBR family. The activity probes are used to screen for activators and inhibitors of E3 Ub ligases, and to interrogate the functional state of E3 Ub ligases in human disease.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved sublimation method for the purification of organic small molecules. The new method features that barriers are applied in the collection region of sublimation tube so that the gas flow path is modified to pass through or bypass the barriers from the heating region to the vacuum pump. The arrangement of the barriers can effectively separate the main product from the impurities. The main product is enriched in a collection region, while the volatile impurities are enriched in an impurity region. This method has been proved to improve the quality of sublimed materials substantially according to the purity measurements and OLED performance tests.

Abstract: An in vitro method of screening candidate compounds for the preventive or curative treatment of rosacea is described. The method can include determining the capacity of a compound to modulate the expression or activity of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) cation channel, subfamily A, member 1(TRPA1), as well as the use of modulators of the expression or activity of this transcription factor for the treatment of rosacea. The method can also include in vitro diagnosis or prognosis of this pathology.

Abstract: Compact modular cassette systems and methods for the synthesis of radiopharmaceutical products are provided, the compact modular cassette system including a modular unit having valve plates, a reaction cassette, a reagent pack, and other seal and connector plates to ensure that reagents can be mixed together inside one or more chambers of the reaction cassette in a timely and efficient manner. When a new chamber for each new reaction or process should be used, a valveless modular system having removable reaction cassettes and the reagent packs may be used. In such a system, the reagent container, the reaction cassette, or both, can be removed from the modular cassette system and discarded after a desired reaction or process has taken place.

Abstract: A method for separating tumor cells with lymphotropic metastatic potential from those without lymphotropic metastatic potential in a human carcinoma. Cells of the carcinoma are transplanted in each of a plurality of fresh athymic mice. At least one of the athymic mice which does not develop a palpable tumor at the transplant site is treated to suppress the T-cell independent innate anti-tumor activity of natural killer cells therein. Tumor-forming cells at the transplant site of the treated athymic animal are harvested to obtain a cell line of cells with lymphotropic metastatic potential, which is also tested for the expression of T-lymphocyte associated molecules. Such cells are intimately associated with low or diminished angiogenicity and immunogenicity. The traditional scientific criteria for human cancer cells is re-defined, and therapeutic targets for human cancer cells is re-focused.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting biomass to fuels and/or valuable chemicals. The process comprises the steps of a) activating biomass to make it more susceptible to conversion; c) partially converting the biomass to a solubilized material; and d) subjecting the unconverted biomass to a second conversion step. The process optionally comprises a step b) of adding a solvent to the activated biomass. In a preferred embodiment the solubilized biomass obtained in step c) is removed before the unconverted biomass is subjected to step d).

Abstract: To provide a method for determining the sensitivity of a patient to irinotecan, SN-38, and/or a salt thereof, which method can determine the therapeutic response of the patient and to provide a novel cancer therapeutic means employing the method. The method for determining the sensitivity of a subject to irinotecan, SN-38, and/or a salt thereof includes measuring the expression levels of AMD1 gene, CTSC gene, EIF1AX gene, C12orf30 gene, DDX54 gene, PTPN2 gene, and TBX3 gene in a specimen, and calculating the best tumor response rate (%), overall survival (days), or progression-free survival (days) from formulas (1) to (3).

Abstract: An antioxidant originating in coffee beans is provided. A method which comprises contacting a water extract of roasted coffee or an aqueous solution of the extract with an adsorbent and then eluting an antioxidant adsorbed by the adsorbent with an organic solvent or an aqueous organic solvent.

Abstract: The proposed spinning disc reactor comprises substantially a horizontally rotatable, disc-like and thermostatable support element which has an outer reaction surface, feed means for feeding at least one reactant onto the reaction surface and internal structures for thermostating the reaction surface. In addition, it contains at least one separation apparatus for collecting and removing the reaction product from the reaction surface. The support element is characterized in particular in that it consists of two components a) and b) arranged horizontally one on top of the other and having substantially identical surface measures. These two components are connected to one another in an interlocking manner and tightly during the operating time and the lower component a) has, on its top facing the inner region of the support element, at least one substantially uninterrupted groove milled in over an extensive area and intended for receiving, conducting and discharging a heat-transfer fluid.

Abstract: Devices and methods for immobilizing micrometer sized liquid domains onto a chemically functionalized substrate surface are disclosed. A multifunctional polymer is adsorbed at the surface interface of the liquid microdomains, and the liquid microdomains are immobilized by covalent bonding or non-covalent forces such as electrostatic attraction between the adsorbed multifunctional polymer and the functionalized substrate surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new strain of the genus Bifidobacterium and the components of its supernatants of cultivation in the form of various preparations (functional and new foods, probiotics, symbiotics, supplements, nutraceutics and medications) with the purpose of improving the defences and reducing the risk of disease. Its mechanisms of action include: (i) regulation of the intestinal glycosylation favouring that of healthy individuals, (ii) modulation of the interactions between the epithelial cells and the intestinal microbiotics, favouring the adhesion of beneficial bifidobacteria and (iii) regulation of the immunological responses. The products included are stable in gastrointestinal and technological conditions which guarantee their exploitation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant for carrying out chemical processes comprising at least means for directly carrying out the conversion in the form of means for developing products and/or in the form of at least one reactor for the continuous industrial manufacture of products, devices for receiving and/or providing starting materials and/or products and devices for controlling the conversion, which are combined to a single integrated and transportable functional unit serving as infrastructure, preferably in the form of a standardised transport container.

Abstract: An organic material is produced through a method comprising the steps of —providing a chemical reactor, in embodiments, including a vessel associated with a plasma housing capable of initiating a plasma discharge that produces predetermined byproducts, —dissolving a solid dye in water, obtaining a dye solution that is placed in the vessel, —elevating a temperature and adjusting a pressure inside the vessel up to predetermined temperature and pressure respectively, —injecting the byproducts into the dye solution thereby commencing a chemical reaction, the reaction proceeds during a predetermined time, and further results in obtaining the organic material, and —extracting the organic material from the dye solution. Other chemical reactor embodiments comprise means for heating the solution for modulating properties of the organic material. Preferable method parameters are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Methods for the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes involve the derivatization of multi- and single-wall carbon nanotubes, including small diameter (ca. 0.7 nm) single-wall carbon nanotubes, with diazonium species. The method allows the chemical attachment of a variety of organic compounds to the side and ends of carbon nanotubes. These chemically modified nanotubes have applications in polymer composite materials, molecular electronic applications, and sensor devices. The methods of derivatization include electrochemical induced reactions, thermally induced reactions, and photochemically induced reactions. Moreover, when modified with suitable chemical groups, the derivatized nanotubes are chemically compatible with a polymer matrix, allowing transfer of the properties of the nanotubes (such as, mechanical strength or electrical conductivity) to the properties of the composite material as a whole.

Abstract: A two-stage process is provided for purifying off-gases from a high-pressure melamine plant. In the first stage, the off-gases are contacted with a recirculated urea melt containing melamine precursors and NH3. In the second stage, the off-gases are contacted with a fresh urea melt.

Abstract: A method of establishing a synthesis path in a multiplicity of potentially interlinakable reactions, and a computer program to prepare a synthesis path.

Abstract: Hyperbranched compounds having a tetrafunctional central group of the general formula I C[—Aq—X—]m[—Ar—X—]n[—As—X—]o[—At—X—]p  (I), in which the indices and variables have the following meanings: m+n+o+p=4; where m=an integer from 1 to 3 and n, o and p=0 or an integer from 1 to 3; q,r,s and t=an integer from 1 to 5, where q>r, s and t; X=—O—, —S— or —NH—; A=—CR2—; where R=—H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —NO2, C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 haloalkyl or C1-C3 alkoxy radical or,  if q, r, s and/or t=at least 2, a C2-C4 alkanediyl and/or C2-C4 oxaalkanediyl radical which bridges 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and/or an oxygen atom —O—, which bridges 3 to 5 carbon atoms, of the radical —A—.

Abstract: Fluoroaryl Grignard reagents are produced from a hydrocarbyl Grignard reagent and fluoroaromatic compounds via separate additions of different fluoroaromatic compounds, such that the conversion of hydrocarbyl Grignard reagent to the desired fluoroaryl Grignard reagent is essentially complete, and thus the reaction product is free or essentially free of agents that may negatively affect subsequent reactions. The fluoroaryl Grignard reagents may be further reacted with boron trihalides in order to obtain tris(fluoroaryl)boranes or tetrakis(fluoroaryl)borates.

Abstract: A computer based, iterative process for generating chemical entities with defined physical, chemical and/or bioactive properties. During each iteration of the process, (1) a directed diversity chemical library is robotically generated in accordance with robotic synthesis instructions; (2) the compounds in the directed diversity chemical library are analyzed to identify compounds with the desired properties; (3) structure-property data are used to select compounds to be synthesized in the next iteration; and (4) new robotic synthesis instructions are automatically generated to control the synthesis of the directed diversity chemical library for the next iteration.

Abstract: Hollow porous microspheres are used as substrates and containers for catalyst to make microsphere catalysts.The hollow porous microspheres are made from dispersed particle compositions. The microspheres have a single central cavity, have substantially uniform diameters and substantially uniform wall thickness and the walls of the microspheres have substantially uniform void content, i.e., interconnecting voids, and have substantially uniform distribution of interconnecting voids. The interconnecting voids in the walls of the microspheres are continuous and extend from the outer wall surface of the microsphere to the inner wall surface of the microsphere.The microsphere catalysts are prepared by coating or impregnating the hollow porous microspheres with a catalyst or by applying a catalyst support to the microspheres and then coating or impregnating the microspheres and catalyst support with a catalyst.

Abstract: Amidino compounds represented by the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof are novel compounds and are useful as powerful antitrypsin, antiplasmin, antikallikrein and antithrombin agents. Having strong anti-Cl activity and anti-complement activity, they are also useful as anti-complement agents. These amidino compounds are prepared by reacting carboxylic compounds represented by the formulaR.sub.1 --COOHor their reactive intermediates with amidinonaphthol represented by the formula ##STR2## and, if necessary, can be transformed into pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.

Abstract: This invention is directed to quaternary compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of from about 1 to 21 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or has the same meaning as R.sup.1, the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being from 6 to 22, and, when R.sup.2 is hydrogen, R.sup.1 has from 6 to 21 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 represents an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a radical of formula ##STR2## wherein R and R are devined above, X and Y are each either hydrogen or a methyl group, with the proviso that X and Y cannot both be a methyl group, and p is an integer of from 1 to 20; R.sup.4 represents an alkyl radical of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; m and n are integers of from about 1 to 20; and A.crclbar. is an anion. The quaternary compounds are useful as fabric softeners.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 1-(4-R.sub.1 O-phenyl)-2-(4-R.sub.2 -phenyl)-6-R.sub.3 -1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines having antifertility and hypocholesterolemic activities, to their preparation, and to novel intermediates therefor.