Abstract: An auxiliary gasline-heating unit is used in a chemical vapor deposition apparatus. The auxiliary gasline-heating unit serves to increase the exit temperature of the mixture of N2 gas and He-dilute gas in order to prevent TDMAT, Ti[N(CH3)2]4, from being condensed and becoming a gasline contaminant when the mixture mixes with the TDMAT and a carrier gas.

Abstract: A warm mist humidifier with a fan and a germicidal bulb to facilitate the dispersion of water vapor and the elimination of potentially harmful microorganisms in water. The humidifier includes a base unit having an energizing circuit, a water tank having a weight sensor and disposed on the base unit for supplying water to the base unit, a reservoir in the base unit for receiving water from the water tank, a heating assembly disposed in the base unit for vaporizing water received from the reservoir when the heating assembly is activated by the energizing circuit, and a tank switch for activating or deactivating the energizing circuit. The tank switch is responsive to a change of position of the water tank relative to the base unit in response to the water in the water tank. The heating assembly is consisted of a boiler cavity, a heating coil fixedly mounted underneath the boiler cavity, an insulative outer housing mounted on the boiler cavity, and a removable cover covering the insulative outer housing.

Abstract: An improved breathing gas humidifier including an evaporation module which has a contact chamber and a flash-resistant heat exchanger, a wicking layer on the heat exchanger, a liquid water flow controller, an electric resistance heater, and a breathing gas temperature controller. The contact chamber is defined by a rigid housing and in part by a flash-resistant heat exchanger. The rigid housing has a gas inlet for connection to a breathing gas source such as a ventilator, a water inlet for connection to a liquid water source by a liquid water flow passageway, and a breathing gas outlet connected to an inhalation passageway. The wicking layer is positioned in the contact chamber to receive and distribute liquid water. The breathing gas temperature controller is operably connected to the flow controller, the heater, and a temperature sensor in the breathing gas outlet.

Abstract: A vapor condenser includes a conduit defining a passage for guidingly communicating a vapor stream in a vapor flow direction from an inlet at a first location to a second location, a first heat exchanger between the first and second locations for open heat exchange between the vapor and a first coolant, the first coolant flowing in a direction that is counter to the vapor flow direction, and a second heat exchanger between the first and second locations for open heat exchange between the vapor and a second coolant. The vapor condenser automatically controls the flow rate of coolant in the first heat exchanger in response to changes in the density of the vapor in the vapor stream entering the conduit. Control of the flow rate of coolant is maintained, for example, by controlling the flow rate of individual dispersal devices, such as nozzles, or by controlling the number of nozzles operating.

Abstract: A bubbler container assembly particularly adapted for se in vapor generating systems including a main outer vessel, an inner bubbler vessel, a carrier gas inlet and a vapor outlet such that the inner bubbler vessel is contained within the main outer vessel and the bubbler container assembly is constructed so as to self-meter an incoming supply of vaporizable liquid during the introduction of a carrier gas and extraction of resulting vapor. Preferably, the system further provides for magnetic induced centering and positioning of the inner buoyant bubbler vessel, fluid temperature sensing and control, connection of a fluid makeup supply, carrier gas inlet supply, and vapor extraction outlet.

Abstract: A humidor and method for high humidity, ambient temperature storage of items includes a water reservoir with a relatively large surface area which is gradually and uniformly heated in response to a humidity sensor. The temperature in the reservoir is raised at a rate of less than 1 degree Fahrenheit per 4 minutes to a maintained temperature of less than 5 degrees F. above ambient temperature until a desired humidity level is reached. The humidor enclosure includes convection heating elements which create a convection current between air inlets and outlets to draw fresh air into the humidor. A water level sensor in the water reservoir deactivates the reservoir heater and convection heating elements when the water level drops below a minimum level and simultaneously actives a water level low warning signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a treating material to a treating device has a tank containing a liquid treating material and a heat exchanger formed by a spiral pipe and provided in the tank. A nitrogen gas (N.sub.2 gas) is introduced into the tank and evaporates the liquid treating material. Water is supplied from a fluid inlet pipe connected to the lower portion of the exchanger to a fluid outlet pipe connected to the upper portion of the exchanger through the spiral pipe of the exchanger. In the heat exchange, heat exchange between the water and the liquid treating material is performed very efficiently. No use of electric power provides high safety. The temperature of the liquid treating material which is changed into a gas state by a bubbling process is controlled efficiently and the density of the vaporized treating material in the tank is made stable.

Abstract: A liquid vaporizing apparatus includes a container for holding a liquid at a constant temperature with a temperature adjustment unit and a gas that does not react with the liquid is bubbled through the liquid in the container to vaporize the liquid. The container for holding the liquid has an internal space above the liquid and a second temperature adjustment unit for controlling the temperature of the internal space separately from the temperature of the liquid in the container. Since the internal space is maintained at a constant temperature, higher than the temperature of the liquid, the quantity of the vaporized liquid produced is stable.

Abstract: A carbonator having a cooling system which is controlled by a controller responsive to input signals generated by an ambient temperature sensor, an ice thickness sensor and a water level sensor. After an initial ice build up following first turn-on of the system and depending on the ambient temperature sensed by the temperature sensor, the cooling system will turn on for a predetermined ON period followed by a predetermined OFF period. These ON and OFF periods are variable as a function of ambient temperature as sensed by the temperature sensor and will recycle in absence of any carbonated water removed. If, however, water removal takes place, the OFF period is interrupted and system turn-on will occur the next time a signal from the ice sensor is received and the ON and OFF cycle as determined by the system controller will resume unless it is again interrupted by another water removal signal from the water level sensor.

Abstract: A calibrating apparatus for isothermally introducing, into a stream of dry gas, amounts of moisture lower than 1000 ppb, said apparatus comprising:A. a moist gas generating unit, comprising in its turn:i) a cylindrical shell;ii) a permeation module, inside said cylindrical shell, containing water and comprising a peripheral membrane;iii) a thermal conditioner, arranged too inside said cylindrical shell, upstream of said permeation module;B. an isothermal heat sink, thermally connected to the outside surface of said cylindrical shell, wherein said moist gas generating unit, under item A), is lodged in a recess of said heat sink;C) a heat radiator;D) a Peltier heater-cooler, thermally arranged between said isothermal heat sink (under item B) and said heat radiator (under item C).

Abstract: A waste heat reclaimer takes in hot waste gases from stacks or flues, associates them with a primary flow of water, heating the water and cooling the gases. The heated water flows through a heat exchanger transferring that heat to a secondary flow of water. A logic and control unit receives signals from sensors located in the sources of the waste gases, the delivery system of the gases, and the two flows of water. These signals are used to give warnings of insufficient flows, insufficient heat energy gains, and to control the sources of the gases, and to provide the operator with other indications which permit him to obtain more efficiency from the unit while devoting less attention to it.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide storage and dispensing apparatus and method for storing carbon dioxide which is characterized by a pressure vessel designed to hold carbon dioxide liquid and vapor, which pressure vessel is insulated to control heat input and includes a refrigeration system, fill and withdrawal piping, a fill line mixer provided in the fill line for rapidly mixing incoming liquid carbon dioxide with carbon dioxide in the vapor phase, a volume gauge, heating rod for introducing heat into the vessel and associated operating and safety control devices. The pressure vessel may be characterized by a horizontal or vertical tank and is designed to provide the user with an uninterrupted supply of carbon dioxide gas or liquid, while at the same time overcoming many of the problems associated with currently available carbon dioxide storage and dispensing equipment.

Abstract: An aspirator aerator for inducing the flow of atmospheric air at high velocity below the surface of a substance so as to allow oxygen to freely and quickly transfer into the substance. The aerator includes an outer tubular housing having an inner tube disposed therein, one end of the housing being associated with an aspiration mechanism for inducing fluid flow through the aerator, the other end of the housing being associated with a drive for driving the aspiration mechanism. The aerator further including a deicing mechanism disposed between the inner tube and the outer tubular housing for deicing the aerator.The aerator may further be provided with a control circuit for controlling the operation of the drive and deicing mechanism in response to a signal denoting the presence or absence of icing conditions.

Abstract: An energy conservation system for cooling and conditioning air, particularly air at elevated temperatures which is discharged from the rotors of open-end spinning machines. The air is directed along a predetermined flow path in which a first stage cooling zone is established, which utilizes one or more cooling coils through which flow a heat exchange fluid that is cooled by an externally located cooling tower. The system includes a second stage cooling zone comprising an air washer in which water is sprayed into the air stream, such water being chilled in part by a mechanical refrigeration unit. The air washer preferably includes two spray pipes, one being located upstream of the other, with the downstream spray pipe receiving some liquid chilled by the refrigeration unit, and with the upstream spray pipe receiving its spray liquid from the discharge collected from the downstream spray pipe.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a handheld, portable tool such as a chain saw equipped with an internal combustion engine mounted in an engine housing. The engine has a carburetor defining an air-intake channel. A heating element is provided which is electrically connected to the generator of the chain saw and mounted on the carburetor in the region of the air-intake channel. The heating element has a positive temperature coefficient and a predetermined temperature region thereby preventing the carburetor housing and the throttle flap from heating to a temperature above a predetermined value. The heating element and the way it is mounted prevents icing at the carburetor in cold weather thereby enabling the engine to run uninterruptedly and uniformly especially when the engine idles.

Abstract: A system for controlling the temperature and humidity of an enclosure such as a museum display case continuously extracts air from the enclosure, increases its humidity, cools it to a controlled temperature, at which point its humidity is 100%. The air is then heated and returned to the enclosure. By selection of the controlled temperature the relative humidity of the returned air may be determined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to humidifiers as used in research and in the calibration of humidity measuring instruments for producing a saturated gas stream. Specifically the invention relates to humidifiers comprising a bubble type and an extended surface type humidifier in gas flow communication one to the other and including temperature control means.

Abstract: Contaminated air is treated to attain a predetermined temperature, purity and relative humidity using an apparatus which includes heat exchange elements and water spray nozzles. The heat exchange elements comprise tubes arranged to impart turbulence to the contaminated air flowing over the tubes. Water is sprayed into the air flow against the tubes and water droplets intimately mix with the air flow so that the contact surfaces of the tubes simultaneously perform three functions: purification of the air, humidification of the air to a relative humidity of about 100%, and bringing the air to a desired temperature. Purification occurs when the air-water droplets hit the outside contact surfaces of the tubes. Impurities contained in the air are deposited on the contact surfaces to be washed away by the water spray. Humidification occurs when the spray water on the contact surfaces is vaporized by the addition of heat from a heat transport fluid conducted through the tubes.

Abstract: An air conditioning system is disclosed for adjusting air temperature and humidity to a predetermined level for the air supply to a paint spray booth. The system includes a multi-section sprayed surface heat exchanger combined with a bypass passage such that a portion of the air flow to be conditioned passes through the multi-section heat exchanger and the remainder of the flow bypasses the same, and is recombined and mixed downstream with the conditioned air to produce a mixture which is at the proper dry bulb temperature and relative humidity. Each multi-section heat exchanger may be shut off to increase the proportion of bypass flow. Modulation of the cooling and heating effect of each of the heat exchangers is achieved by modulating valving controlling the flow of heating or cooling medium. Similarly, the humidification effect is controlled by valving controlling a number of water spray nozzles.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for admixing anesthetic with respiratory gas to be supplied to a patient, which comprises a mixing chamber having an inlet for receiving the liquid anesthesia and the respiratory gas, and an outlet for supplying the mixture. A feed line is provided in the inlet for the liquid anesthesia, with a heat exchanger for equalizing the inlet temperatures of the anesthesia and respiratory gas. Temperature sensors are provided in the inlet and the outlets with a circuit for determining the difference between the temperatures. Without heating of the chamber this difference is proportional to a ratio between the evaporated anesthetic and respiratory gas. With the chamber heated to equate the inlet and outlet temperatures, the amount of heating is proportional to the flow of anesthetic to the chamber.

Abstract: A process for heating fluids to a relatively high temperature, such as sterilization temperature, in which the fluid, such as a liquid, is heated by direct contact with steam while it is in the form of a very thin, free-falling film or a continuous falling stream so that heating of the fluid is accomplished without the fluid coming into contact with any surface and particularly metal surfaces which are hotter than the fluid product being heated and with minimum agitation and turbulence of the fluid product. This procedure enables maximum and uniform heat penetration in a minimum time interval with the film or stream being maintained as thin as possible and unbroken by introducing steam at a relatively low velocity in a large volume vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating fluids to a relatively high temperature, such as sterilization temperature, in which the fluid, such as a liquid, is heated by direct contact with steam while it is in the form of a very thin, free-falling film or a continuous falling stream so that heating of the fluid is accomplished without the fluid coming into contact with any surface and particularly metal surfaces which are hotter than the fluid product being heated and with minimum agitation and turbulence of the fluid product. This procedure enables maximum and uniform heat penetration in a minimum time interval with the film or stream being maintained as thin as possible and unbroken by introducing steam at a relatively low velocity in a large volume vessel.

Abstract: A carburettor or other mixture generator 1 for an internal combustion engine has a mixing chamber 3 which is surrounded by a tubular wall 2 and delimited at its ends by a throttle valve 4 and a choke 5. The wall 2 is double-skinned with a water heating chamber 10 between the skins. In order to heat the wall 2 and prevent the condensation of liquid fuel upon it, water from a cooling water circuit of the engine to which the carburettor is fitted is circulated through the chamber 10 under the control of a thermally operated valve 21. Since the cooling water will no heat the carburettor until the engine itself has become heated, the carburettor is also provided with electrical heating for cold starting purposes. The chamber 10 is raised so that when the engine cooling water pump is not operating the chamber 10 is empty and the inside skin 9 of the wall 2 is made of electric resistance heating material.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling the delivery of vapor from a bubbler containing a supply of liquid through which a carrier gas is bubbled and from which bubbler vapor is delivered in a vapor stream entrained with the carrier gas. The method comprises the steps of sensing the ratio of vapor to carrier gas in the vapor stream and applying heat to the liquid within the bubbler at rates relative to the sensed ratios of vapor to carrier gas being delivered from the bubbler in a vapor stream to hold the ratio constant.A vapor delivery control system is also disclosed which comprises a vaporizer, a heater thermally coupled with the vaporizer, and means for maintaining a supply of liquid in the vaporizer.

Abstract: A sterilizable evaporative humidifier for respiratory usage having a disposable absorbent evaporative element is disclosed. The humidifier provides humidification, low pressure drop and a very short warm-up period. Electronic controls are provided to ensure safe automatic operation.

Abstract: An electric resistance humidifier which increases atmospheric humidity by boiling water in a tank. Spaced conductive plates, or electrodes, are fixed in the tank. As the tank water level rises, the immersed area of the electrodes increases. An electric supply causes the electrodes to pass electric current through the tank water therebetween for heating and vaporizing such water. Electric current and heating cease automatically when the tank water level falls below the electrodes. A control includes comparator circuitry responsive to a reference signal and a signal related to electrode current for actuating and deactuating a water supply to the tank. In one embodiment, the control includes further comparator circuitry responsive to electrode current and a further reference signal for controlling a tank drain, to compensate for rising conductivity of the tank water as it warms toward boil and thus prevent substantial overshoot in heating current flow.

Abstract: An oil mist and solid particle laden gas from an oil shale retorting operation is initially treated with a temperature controlled oil spray and then by a coalescer to reduce the quantity of oil mist and remove most of the solid particle content of the gas stream and then finally treated by an electrostatic precipitator to essentially remove the oil mist remaining in the gas.

Abstract: A humidifier for conditioning fluid for delivery to a test chamber, such as an incubator, includes means for automatically regulating the quantity, level and temperature of a body of water through which mixed gases, such as air and CO.sub.2, are bubbled to entrain moisture in the gases. The water is heated to below its boiling point. The relative humidity of the saturated mixture delivered to the test chamber is usually at least 90% at temperatures between about 30.degree. - 60.degree.C.

Abstract: A process for heating fluids to a relatively high temperature, such as sterilization temperature, in which the fluid, such as a liquid, is heated by direct contact with steam while it is in the form of a very thin, free-falling film or a continuous falling stream so that heating of the fluid is accomplished without the fluid coming into contact with any surface and particularly metal surfaces which are hotter than the fluid product being heated and with minimum agitation and turbulence of the fluid product. This procedure enables maximum and uniform heat penetration in a minimum time interval with the film or stream being maintained as thin as possible and unbroken by introducing steam at a relatively low velocity in a large volume vessel.