Abstract: A contactor for the transfer of matter and heat between gas and liquid comprising a helical support of heat conductive material allowing the flow of a liquid to be treated, a wall of heat conductive material and in thermal contact with the said support, separating in sealing-tight manner the said liquid and a heat exchanging fluid, characterized in that the said support and the said wall are formed by a vertical stack of open work plates of a heat conductive material, offset angularly in respect of one another by rotation according to the axis of the said support, each plate thus forming an element of the said support, like a step of a spiral staircase, and an element of the said wall, in such a way as to obtain an economical and efficient evaporator or absorber.

Abstract: Carburetors and fuel injection systems are used to facilitate a combustile mixture of air and fuel for internal combustion engines. Inherently, the fuel in this mixture is mostly in liquid droplets. However, it is the vaporous fuel which combines with the air gives an explosive mixture; and it is this mixture that can be exploded during the short engine power stroke time available. The rest of the fuel in liquid form simply burns or exhausts to the environment, hence impairing the efficiency of the engine and polluting the environment. In this invention, liquid fuel is vaporized and combined with air to form an explosive mixture before introduction into the engine. In this design, ultrasonic technology is employed to atomize the fuel in the form of fine fuel mist. This mist is then injected into a specially designed heat exchanger, in which hot engine exhaust gas is brought in to cause this subspension of fuel mist to vaporize.

Abstract: An electrode water circulation pump and a plurality of air and water cooling radiators are provided in an electrode water cooling and circulation passage line which is for feeding and draining a prescribed quantity of electrode water so that the temperature and amount of the electrode water in the water rheostat are kept constant. A spray nozzle unit and a motor coupled with a fan are provided in the face of the rear of the body of each of the radiators so that the motor is located behind the spray nozzle unit. The front of the body of each of the radiators is covered with a hood having a steam release port in the top of the hood.

Abstract: A cross-flow type cooling tower comprises a cooling tower main body, a water tank placed at the upper part of the main body, a plurality of closed type heat exchanging units arranged in the main body in substantially horizontal manner and in parallel to each other in multi-stage below the water tank, a supplying header placed near an air discharge opening of the main body, which is detachably connectable to supplying ports of the heat exchanging units, a discharge header placed near an air intake opening of the main body, which is detachably connectable to discharge ports of the heat exchanging units, wherein the water tank is divided into a first water receiving part near the air intake opening and a second water receiving part near the air discharge opening by way of a partition wall, and a switching valve is provided at at least a water feeding pipe to the second water receiving part.

Abstract: A forced air, ambient temperature, evaporator coupled to an electroless copper plating bath and to a purification system for replenishing and maintaining the stability of the plating bath, which bath tends to become depleted as the result of the reduction of water soluble cupric salt in an alkaline solution under copper plating and reducing conditions and in which the rate of evaporation of water from the surface thereof is insufficient to preclude growth in the volume thereof resulting from liquid additions thereto required to replace consumed constituents, thus giving rise to a need for bailout to prevent overflow thereof, solves the following problems: evaporation is independent of plating bath geometry; very high evaporation rates enable bailout to be zero at all plating loadings and plating thicknesses; the high evaporation rates provide sufficient cooling whereby the electroless copper solution can be introduced directly to the purification system with no additional cooling; dragout losses may be comple

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting mass transfer between liquid and gas phases includes a chamber having a tube bundle therein comprised of a plurality of spiral fluted tubes maintained in upstanding relation by transverse tube sheets. Relatively short tubular inserts cooperate with the opposite ends of the spiral fluted tubes in a manner to facilitate passage of liquid downwardly through each tube in the form of a liquid film on the interior spirally fluted tube surfaces, and enable passage of gas upwardly through each tube such that the gas directly contacts the liquid film and effects mass transfer therebetween. Inlet and outlet coolant passages enable coolant to be introduced into the chamber for removing heat of absorption from the external surfaces of the tubes.

Abstract: A plate for an evaporative heat exchanger is stamped from a laminate material comprising a thin sheet of light-weight, heat conductive, formable metal such as aluminum superimposed on and attached to a thin sheet of wicking material. Stamping the laminate material simultaneously cuts the plate into a substantially square, pre-determined size, forms a series of ribs and corresponding recesses into the plate and blanks square notches into each corner of the plate to define four edges. The ribs are spaced apart in a substantially parallel manner, appear substantially semicircular in configuration and extend longitudinally and substantially across the plate. A method to fabricate said plate is also described.

Abstract: A humidifier assembly is disclosed. The humidifier assembly includes a housing, a heater in the housing, a hollow shell on the housing, a partition wall within the shell, and a liquid water inlet that is unitary with the hollow shell. The heater provides an exposed heated surface for contacting liquid water in a direct heat transfer relationship. The hollow shell and the partition wall together define a humidification chamber. The hollow shell also defines a breathable gas inlet and a humidified, breathable gas outlet, both of which communicate with the humidification chamber. The partition wall includes a hydrophobic filter that permits water vapor but not liquid water to pass therethrough. The hollow shell, the partition, wall and the housing together define a liquid water-tight but water vapor permeable water reservoir between the partition wall and the heater.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a plurality of coil units to form a substantially rectangular prism. Each of the coil units is supported by a pair of supporting frame members through a pair of electrically insulating spacers without direct contact with the supporting frame members.

Abstract: An improved mass transfer heat exchanger in which heat transmission surfaces are more effectively used and having excellent mass transmission characteristics. Heat transmission pipes are arranged vertically in a tank, extending through a partition board dividing the tank into upper and lower chambers. A solution lead-in pipe supplies a high-density solution to be subjected to heat exchange to the upper chamber, and a pump draws a low-density solution obtained by mass exchange out of the lower chamber and delivers a part thereof to the upper chamber. The upper and lower chambers are communicated through a return pipe which delivers to the lower chamber an intermediate-density solution obtained by mixing the high-density solution and a surplus of the low-density solution in the upper chamber. A vapor lead-in pipe supplies vapor to the lower chamber. The intermediate-density solution flows down the heat transmission pipes, passing through gaps between the partition boards and heat transmission pipes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a vertically arranged circular-cylindrical holder closed at its upper end and at its lower end, and a pipe coaxially arranged within the holder. A fin is secured to the inner pipe and consists of a plurality of interconnected lamellae extending radially from the pipe, the fin being helically wound around the pipe so that the adjacent lamellae of successive turns of the resulting helix overlap each other in part, viewed in the circumferential direction of the pipe. A capillary passage is located in each lamella above the surface of an underlying lamella in a position shifted with respect to the capillary passage of the underlying lamella.

Abstract: A combination humidifier/water distiller apparatus comprises a container for holding tap water. A heater is provided for heating tap water in the container to a vaporized state. A condenser, positioned over the container, condenses the vaporized tap water into distilled water. A receptacle is positioned under the condenser for the collection of the distilled water. The receptacle includes a water track and valve for removing distilled water from the apparatus for other purposes. A nebulizer is included which converts the distilled water into a fine spray. A passage, associated with the nebulizer and the receptacle, supplies distilled water from the receptacle to the nebulizer so that distilled water is nebulized to a fine spray. The nebulizer includes a nozzle or the like for delivering the fine spray to the atmosphere to thereby humidify the surrounding air.

Abstract: Countercurrent flow absorber and desorber devices are provided for use in absorption cycle refrigeration systems and thermal boosting systems. The devices have increased residence time and surface area resulting in improved heat and mass transfer characteristics. The apparatuses may be incorporated into open cycle thermal boosting systems in which steam serves both as the refrigerant vapor which is supplied to the absorber section and as the supply of heat to drive the desorber section of the system.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for the condensation of vapors, comprises a coil pipe having an upper inlet end and a lower outlet end and a plurality of lengths of pipe arranged in zigzag fashion between the upper and lower ends. Liquid is sprayed from above onto the coil pipe, and air is moved upwardly along the coil pipe. The lengths of pipe are inclined downwardly at acute angles to the horizontal from the inlet end to the outlet end. These acute angles progressively increase downwardly in such a way that the angles between pairs of adjacent lengths of pipe progressively increase downwardly for a plurality of those pairs. The inclination to the horizontal of the lowermost length of pipe is not more than 30.degree. and that of the uppermost not less than 3-5.degree.. The increment of angle increase, from pipe length to pipe length, is likewise 3-5.degree.. Vertical strips of plate are disposed between the lengths of pipe, to increase the evaporation surface.

Abstract: An essentially tubeless heat exchange structure and an attendant controlled evaporative or condensing process is disclosed. A finned heat exchanger body has multiple spaced through passages constructed by locally deforming the fin metal. Each through passage includes multiple terraced liquid traps and coaxial orifices for counter-flowing gas. A liquid supply device and gas pressure relief device is provided for each through passage. The physical construction of the finned heat exchanger body can vary widely depending upon application.

Abstract: Countercurrent flow absorber and desorber devices are provided for use in absorption cycle refrigeration systems and thermal boosting systems. The devices have increased residence time and surface area resulting in improved heat and mass transfer characteristics. The apparatuses may be incorporated into open cycle thermal boosting systems in which steam serves both as the refrigerant vapor which is supplied to the absorber section and as the supply of heat to drive the desorber section of the system.

Abstract: An air cooled heat exchanger provided with water distribution means for wetting the surfaces of air flow passages with a thin film of water, which by evaporation enhances the cooling of a fluid. The fluid flows through the heat exchanger in passages arranged in generally parallel, spaced apart layers. A series of metallic fin sheets, extending between the layers, maintain the separation between the layers and define a plurality of air passages. Water is distributed into the air passages as a liquid through slot means disposed on the edge of the layers, at the side where the air stream enters the heat exchanger. The air stream causes the water to spread in a thin film over the surfaces of the air passages, resulting in improved cooling of the fluid by evaporation of the water. Provision is made for collecting any excess water at the side of the heat exchanger where the air stream exits.

Abstract: A contact plate for mass-exchange columns comprises a base having receiving and discharge pockets for liquid. The base also supports concave troughs, each trough extending between the receiving pocket and the discharge pocket having its walls provided with apertures for the passage of gas extending tangentially in the same direction to form gas flows whirled in a direction transversely of the trough toward one of the side edges thereof which is provided with a guide apron comprising an extension of the trough wall.

Abstract: A space heating apparatus comprising a main enclosure having a front and a rear wall, side walls and a top and bottom wall. An air inlet opening is provided in the front wall with a filter removably secured therein. An impeller fan is mounted within the enclosure adjacent the opening for drawing outside air into the enclosure through the filter and convecting it through predetermined paths in the enclosure and out of the enclosure through vent openings provided therein. Heating elements are secured in the enclosure between the fan and the rear wall for heating the air. A water reservoir having a heater therein is provided in the enclosure. The water in the reservoir is heated to the boiling point whereby water vapor is mixed with the air convected through the predetermined paths. Control means are further provided for regulating the operation time cycle of the fan, heating elements and heater.

Abstract: A heat sensitive liquid is vaporized with minimum degradation by introducing it via an atomizer into an enclosed space together with a heated gas under pressure, and so that the gas circulates past heaters which are screened from the atomizer. Useful for vaporizing adipic acid into ammonia gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing from a liquid fuel fluid supply an aerated gaseous fuel fluid. The liquid fuel fluid is delivered into a supply of hot air and the resultant mixture is delivered through a heat exchanger to an outlet. In the heat exchanger, a liquid fuel fluid phase of the mixture is converted to a gaseous phase thereof and condensed water is eliminated. The gaseous phase is superheated in a portion of the heat exchanger. A control is provided for limiting the level of the liquid phase in the heat exchanger.