Abstract: A hydrocarbon reformer furnace is provided having a plurality of vertical tubes running through a furnace firebox wherein the upper and lower ends of said tubes are connected to inlet and outlet headers respectively. The apertures through which the lower ends of the vertical tubes exit the firebox are sealed with cast-in-place refractory seals to provide an air seal and mechanical dampening of said tubes.

Abstract: The invention relates to reducing the thermal inertia of furnace or oven walls. Insulating modules under compression are secured to the wall and released from compression upon firing of the furnace.

Abstract: In lining parts to be stamped of an aluminum electrolytic cell by filling a carbonaceous stamping material into the part and stamping the filled stamping material, a mixture consisting essentially of a carbon aggregate and a binder and being capable of being stamped at a temperature above 100.degree. C. is prepared; a solvent for the binder containing aromatic hydrocarbon as a main component in an amount insufficient to effect stamping of the stamping material at room temperature, but sufficient to stamped at a temperature of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C., when added to the mixture; the mixture and the solvent are mixed together, before application, to prepare a carbonaceous stamping material; and the carbonaceous stamping material is applied to the part of the cell to be stamped at a temperature of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: An apparatus having an upper frame with a depending, telescopically elongatable and shortenable suspended structure for supporting at the lower end thereof a working platform in a converter or like metallurgical container, the upper frame being arranged to be supported at the upper end of the converter with the suspended structure extending down through an opening at the upper end of the converter. The apparatus has an endless conveyor which includes a vertical conveyor part extending from the upper frame to a point above the working platform, and a horizontal or inclined conveyor part situated outside the converter and the upper frame, the horizontal or inclined conveyor part permitting, upon elongation or shortening, shortening and elongation, respectively, of the vertical part of the endless conveyor.

Abstract: A block is formed from uncured grains of refractory material. The block is sintered to fully cure the block which, as sintered, has pores extending inwardly from the surface of the block. The fully cured block is soaked in a first liquid to impregnate the block with the first liquid which, upon heating, forms into a material which at least partially fills the pores, and the filling material is compatible with the original refractory material of the block. The block is then soaked in a second liquid containing very fine particles of refractory material which are deposited in the partially filled pores. Upon heating, the very fine particles are reacted with a compound at least part of which originates with the first liquid to form a reaction product which further fills the pores. These procedures enhance the resistance of the block to slag penetration.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method which can efficiently repair the tap hole of a converter even under high temperature. The method employs an injection pipe of a unique construction for applying refractory material onto the inner surface of the tap hole. Such injection pipe is of a circular cylindrical construction and is provided with a pipe cooling means and, preferably, with a perforated mold sleeve which encases the injection pipe. Due to such construction, the refractory material charged into the injection pipe can be smoothly and uniformly injected through an injection opening formed at the front portion of the injection pipe and apertures of the perforated mold sleeve onto the inner surface of the tap hole, whereby thus applied refractory material can show the improved adhesion rate and properties while defining a predetermined optimal diameter to the tap hole after the repairing operation.

Abstract: A method for the repair of runner lining for molten metal comprising the steps of setting an inner molding former provided with a vibrating mechanism, in a repairing runner for molten metal, filling up under vibration the void space formed between the former and the existing lining, with a runner material containing less water, and curing the filled-up material under heating.

Abstract: In this process, there is carried out first of all, through orifices formed in the wall of the apparatus and by means of a suitable device, the injection of a first product for filling in the vicinity of the inner face of this wall the porosities of the charge and forming a whole with this charge. After a suitable period of time which ensures that the aforementioned effect is achieved, there is injected a second product which must form the permanent coating under sufficient pressure to be able to slip between the inner wall and the first coat previously formed by taking advantage of the compressibility of the charge. In this way it is possible to spread in a substantially uniform manner on the inner wall of the furnace a product which is capable of constituting the lining.

Abstract: A blast furnace hearth, or at least its internal surface layer, is built of carbon bricks whose pores have been reduced in size by an Si--N--O composition formed in them.

Abstract: The usual oxygen lance, and a coating lance, are disposed in upright and spaced-side-by-side relation for selective lowering into the BOF vessel when the latter is in the normal upright position it occupies for refinement of its metallic charge. Preferably, the coating lance is lowered into the vessel immediately after the latter has been charged with scrap and molten iron and moved to its upright position. At this time the oxygen lance is in standby position while refractory coating material is forced through the coating lance and outwardly of its nozzle to coat various areas of the vessel lining. Thereafter, the coating lance is withdrawn from the vessel and the oxygen lance is inserted and the refining process is begun. At this time, the coating lance is held in standby position.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for forming a refractory lining on the interior walls of the metallurgical vessel which interior walls are coaxial to the principal axis of the vessel wherein a refractory mass containing a binder is centrifugally slung onto the interior walls in a direction normal thereto while the vessel is at a standstill is disclosed. According to the invention, the refractory mass is initially shaped into balls prior to being centrifugally slung and the balls are centrifugally slung in rapid succession to form a mass jet. Also disclosed, is a device for so slinging a refractory mass on the walls of a vessel comprising a slinger head having a slinger wheel and a motor and at least one supply conduit for supplying refractory mass to be slung. The slinger wheel of the slinger head is disposed on one end of a shaft which shaft is extendable into a vessel, the slinger wheel being connected to an actuatable by a slinger motor.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method and an apparatus which can efficiently repair the tap hole of a converter even under high temperature. The method and apparatus employ an injection pipe of a unique construction for applying refractory material onto the inner surface of the tap hole. Such injection pipe is of a circular cylindrical construction and is provided with a pipe cooling means and, preferably, with a perforated mold sleeve which encases the injection pipe. Due to such construction, the refractory material charged into the injection pipe can be smoothly and uniformly injected through an injection opening formed at the front portion of the injection pipe and apertures of the perforated mold sleeve onto the inner surface of the tap hole, whereby thus applied refractory material can show the improved adhesion rate and properties while defining a predetermined optimal diameter to the tap hole after the repairing operation.

Abstract: A cavity in a heat-resistant structure, eg. of ferrous metal, is filled by fitting it with refractory brickwork. Instead of securing the brickwork with conventional cement, a flowable aluminous slag is produced in contact with the brickwork by exothermic reaction of a composition containing metallic aluminium and an oxidizing agent, preferably ferric oxide. The reaction, which may take place wholly or partially within the jointing space or spaces, is at such a temperature that the slag in said spaces is at least at a bond-forming temperature. Additives, eg. refractory particles, a flux, potassium nitrate or ferrous metal may be incorporated in the reaction mixture for control purposes subject to considerations described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for guniting the lining of casting ladles, comprising a platform which is mounted by means of adjustable supports on the ladle to be repaired. On the under side of the platform a guide is mounted so as to extend downward from the platform into the casting ladle. A carriage with a nozzle for supplying gunite onto the surface being repaired is mounted for reciprocating motion along the guide. The guide is fitted on sleds which, in turn, are set on a swivel table so as to permit radial displacement of the sleds relative to the axis of rotation of the swivel table, the swivel table being rotatably mounted on the platform. On the under side of the platform there is also arranged a detachable templet whose curvature is similar to the curvature of the horizontal cross-section of the ladle. A roller pair is mounted on the templet to run around it.

Abstract: A refractory moldable composition which, upon drying, sets up to refractory shapes which are strongly adherent to the molding surfaces and are essentially crack-free, contains about 45 to about 65% of a liquid vehicle, such as water; about 21 to about 26% ceramic fiber; about 7 to about 30% finely divided silica; and sufficient adhesion enhancing agent to impart from about 18 to about 50 grams per square centimeter adherence to steel. The molded composition adheres excellently to molding surfaces and dries to give an essentially crack-free refractory shape, useful as thermal insulation at temperatures up to 1300.degree. C. The composition may optionally include hollow plastic or ceramic spheres.

Abstract: In repairing a blast furnace wall by injecting and solidifying a refractory material on the inside wall of the furnace from outside the furnace, a line consisting of metallic coaxial lines or metallic parallel lines insulated from each other is embedded in the refractory material and the variation of the length of this line is measured through an electric signal to detect the remaining thickness of the injected and solidified refractory material in the furnace wall part.By such detection, the damage of the repaired part of the blast furnace can be known with the lapse of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermally insulating materials. It refers to a thermally insulating slab consisting of entangled refractory fibres, the major portion of the fibres being substantially parallel with the main faces of the slab, characterized in that the back of the slab bears a plurality of furrows or grooves distributed over the back. The slab is used for the insulation of furnaces and the like.

Abstract: In an apparatus for building up and repairing a refractory lining of an industrial furnace, the material is centrifugally deposited by a wheel rotated by a vertical drive shaft passing through a hopper and a mixing chamber connected thereto. A shut-off bell member having a bevelled lower edge is slidably mounted on the mounting housing of the shaft for vertical movement into selected positions wherein the bevelled lower edge defines an annular gap between the hopper and the mixing chamber for permitting the granular refractory material to flow from the hopper into the chamber and the bevelled lower edge engages the conical inside wall surface of the hopper for completely closing the annular gap for interrupting the flow. The vertical movement is effected by a pneumatic motor attached to the bell member by means of a linkage and rods.

Abstract: Repair of furnace structures, particularly hot furnace structures, can be achieved by gunning with less dusting and rebound and higher cohesiveness, adherence, and strength in the gunned refractory when the refractory comprises an admixture of aluminosilica aggregate, plastic clay, graphite and, as binder, a liquid sodium silicate solution.

Abstract: A patching composition for developing a superior bond with silica refractories at temperatures of 1200.degree. to 2400.degree. F. The composition comprises three basic components: (1) a high melting phase, e.g. silica brick, fireclay grog, magnesia or high alumina grain, (2) a bonding component, e.g. sodium silicate and (3) a low melting phase, e.g. window glass. It will generally be desirable to employ a fourth component for fluxing, such as soda ash or other alkaline earth compounds. The improved results are achieved by the use primarily, of a low melting phase such as window glass, bulb glass or lead glass having a softening point between about 900.degree. and 1750.degree. F. (482.degree. to 954.degree. C.), employed in an amount of about 6 to 25% of the total solids composition.

Abstract: A process of erecting interior combustion and checker chambers in a hot blast stove by lining the checker chamber and building the chamber wall from a vertically movable scaffold in the checker chamber shaped to conform with the interior thereof, laying up checkerwork in the checker chamber beneath the movable scaffold, these two operations being supplied from outside the stove through feed openings at progressive heights, and lining the combustion chamber from a vertically movable work scaffold within the combustion chamber. All three principal operations are carried on concurrently.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus for automatically lining a vessel. With a template inside the vessel, pouring and ramming stations are disposed within the annular space defined by the template and vessel for rotation about the central axis of the vessel. The ramming stations include rams movable in a radially inward direction to compact the lining material at the bottom of the vessel and movable outwardly to compact the material forming the side walls of the vessel.

Abstract: A process for increasing the life of refractory masonry of furnaces and metallurgical vessels in which the masonry is exposed to oxidizing atmospheres at high temperatures and/or molten metals or slags which are highly erosive, which process consists in depositing carbon in the pores of such masonry by means of carbon carrying media which are decomposed when heated.

Abstract: A refractory powder flame projecting burner apparatus for lining repair or refractory fabrication in which oxygen-gas-entrained refractory powder is forcibly supplied to a burner where the oxygen gas mixes with fuel gas. A plurality of flame nozzles are provided in at least two parallel rows. A plurality of powder projecting nozzles are provided between and parallel to the rows of flame ports. A powder path is provided within the burner along the row of the powder projecting nozzles. A distributor having a plurality of axial grooves, with partitioned cavities at one end thereof, is inserted in the burner so that each cavity communicates with a plurality of the powder projecting nozzles. This refractory powder flame projecting apparatus forms a dense and durable refractory layer with a high yield.

Abstract: A device for installing a taphole is comprised of a vertical wall with laterally extending base wings which conform specifically to the configuration and contours of refractory blocks and a neck with laterally extending wings which conform specifically to the interior and exterior dimensions of refractory sleeves which are attached to the blocks and form a part of the taphole.

Abstract: A method for sealing a by-product coke oven in which a silicone material is caused to foam to form a foaming silicone composition preferably by mixing a first mixture of organohydrogensiloxane and hydroxylated organosiloxane with a second mixture of organohydrogensiloxane most desirably with a platinum catalyst, and heating the mixture to provide a volumetrically expandable foam. The volumetrically expandable foam is sprayed around the periphery of coke oven doors, slip-joints and similar points of gaseous emissions where it undergoes a foaming acting in the presence of the heat of the oven such that the foam volumetrically expands to provide a seal that prevents the emission of gas, dust, and smoke during the coking cycle.

Abstract: In a process for producing molten glass in a generally cylindrical continuously rotating chamber comprising the following steps:(a) feeding inorganic raw materials, including silica in major proportion, into the chamber;(b) providing a flame of high intensity heat produced by the combustion of fuel with a gas containing about 50 to about 100 percent by volume oxygen and directing the flame into the chamber in such a manner that the raw materials are melted; and(c) rotating said chamber at a sufficient speed and cooling the exterior of the chamber with a liquid coolant in such a manner that the inner surface of the chamber is coated with a layer of molten glass, the layer is solidified, and a solidified layer of glass is maintained throughout the process whereby the solidified layer essentially prevents impurities from the inner surface of the chamber from entering the melt; and(d) withdrawing molten glass,the improvement comprising heating the silica prior to step (a) to a temperature in the range of about 50

Abstract: A refractory moldable composition which, upon drying, sets up to refractory shapes which are strongly adherent to the molding surfaces and are essentially crack-free, contains about 45 to about 65% of a liquid vehicle, such as water; about 21 to about 26% ceramic fiber; about 7 to about 30% finely divided silica; and sufficient adhesion enhancing agent to impart from about 18 to about 50 grams per square centimeter adherence to steel. The molded composition adheres excellently to molding surfaces and dries to give an essentially crack-free refractory shape, useful as thermal insulation at temperatures up to 1300.degree. C. The composition may optionally include hollow plastic or ceramic spheres.

Abstract: A method for preventing installed dolomite refractory and magnesia-dolomite refractory from slaking by feeding a dry air into a converter or the like after it was installed with said dolomite refractory and said magnesia-dolomite refractory, circulating the dry air in and through the converter while always maintaining the interior of the converter or the like under positive pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an installation for ramming the material constituting the refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel.The ramming installation comprises several ramming elements mounted on an arm horizontally shiftable on a support secured to a column. The column carries a monitoring table above the support and is vertically shiftable on a gantry frame. The gantry frame rolls horizontally relative to the shell of the vessel. The shell of the vessel is mounted on a turntable to which a generally reciprocatory rotary movement is imparted.

Abstract: A foundry ladle including a ladle vessel having a cavity, a layer of crushable insulating material lining the cavity, the layer having perforations extending therethrough, and a layer of castable refractory material lining the insulating material, the refractory material extending through the perforations into load supporting contact with the vessel. Also disclosed is a method of forming a foundry ladle.

Abstract: A process for the production of a refractory lining within a tubular vessel which comprises disposing said tubular vessel so that the longitudinal axis running therethrough is horizontal, slinging a moist refractory mass onto a longitudinal or annular section of the interior wall of the tubular vessel and thereafter applying moist refractory mass to additional longitudinal or annular sections as the case may be. The process can be conducted either by rotating the vessel so as to expose successive annular sections and applying refractory mass to said sections from a fixed position or it can be performed by moving the source of refractory mass longitudinally to cover longitudinal sections and rotating the vessel only partially so as to bring the stream of refractory mass against a second longitudinal section. Devices to carry out these processes are disclosed including a slinger machine disposed for longitudinal movement within the vessel and means for rotating the vessel to the desired extent.

Abstract: A method of repairing refractory walls, especially coke-oven walls is disclosed. The invention utilizes a refractory repair material selected in accordance with the wall to be repaired and not less than 5.5 nor more than 20% binder. The repair material is sprayed onto a hot wall to be repaired and the binder adheres thereto by sintering with at least the boundary surfaces of the binder undergoing vitrification.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus for automatically lining a vessel. With a template inside the vessel, pouring and ramming stations are disposed within the annular space defined by the template and vessel for rotation about the central axis of the vessel. The ramming stations include rams movable in a radially inward direction to compact the lining material at the bottom of the vessel and movable outwardly to compact the material forming the side walls of the vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of delining a furnace intended for high temperature melts, such as glass or metal melts. The lining of such a furnace usually consists of a material which closest to the furnace wall forms a layer of pulverulent material and which outside this layer consists of a layer of a very hard, almost infrangible outer mass. For such delining operation the invention suggests first removing material from the inner layer and then breaking up the outer layer in the regions where material from the inner layer has been removed. Thus, the hard outer layer is exposed and worked without any material from the inner layer in place as a support.

Abstract: The lining of a furnace is automatically repaired by use of a movable transport car on which a vertically disposed spray pipe is capable of being vertically displaced along its longitudinal axis and of being rotated about its longitudinal axis. The transport car is moved to a position underlying a furnace, and the spray pipe is elevated into the furnace to thereby dispose a spray nozzle on the end of the spray pipe within the furnace. The spray nozzle is directed to spray refractory material onto the abraded, eroded, and spalled areas of the refractory lining within the furnace.

Abstract: Existing refractory fiber blanket furnace lining systems receive a layer of high temperature ceramic fiber blanket or felt on an inner surface portion, or hot face, thereof exposed to interior conditions of the furnace. The layer is attached to the module by being sewn thereto with continuous filament ceramic fiber thread. The layer can be added to increase insulation capacity on lower temperature furnace insulation or to repair damaged insulation in a furnace.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber module, suitable for lining furnaces, comprises a weldable (metallic or perforate refractory) backing and a number of ceramic fiber mats cemented to the backing by the edge of the mat, so as to leave a portion of the backing accessible between mats or on their perimeter, for welding. The weldable backing is welded to a metallic substrate, preferably by use of spherical attachments, to provide thermal protection to the metallic substrate.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for lining articles are disclosed which are particularly well-suited for use in the lining of melting ovens. The arrangement includes a mold member which has a surface with the configuration corresponding to the face of the inner wall of the oven chamber and comprises a plurality of circumferentially adjacent sections detachably connected to one another. A plurality of circumferentially adjacent flexible plate-like elements of a refractory material are arranged at the surface of the mold member and connected to one another to thereby form a circumferentially complete refractory member. The plate-like elements are connected to one another by refractory adhesive substance. They have adjacent end portions overlapping one another, which portions are connected to one another by the above refractory adhesive substance, and are fixed to one another by adhesive strips.

Abstract: Apparatus for repairing electric furnaces, ladles or the like while they are hot and which includes a centrifugal slinging machine that can be lowered into the hot furnace. The machine includes a centrifuging wheel which can deliver lining repair material radially outwardly and against the interior wall of the furnace. The centrifugal delivery portion of the machine can be selectively divided into sectors so that repair material can be selectively dispersed only against that portion of the interior furnace wall that needs repair or alternatively, the machine can deliver material to the entire circumference of the interior of the furnace. The machine has adjustable sliders which are provided around the circumference of the machine to selectively distribute the material around the interior of the furnace and the sliders are infinitely variable in their adjustment, and radial director vanes act in cooperation with the sliders.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repairing lining which comprises transmitting microwaves modulated by an antenna inserted into the vessel to the surface of the heated refractory lining in the refractory lined vessel, detecting the reflected waves, detecting the difference between the reference surface of the refractory lining and the damaged surface from the phase difference of the microwaves, controlling the transfer of the refractory gunning nozzle inserted into the vessel with the use of the deviation signal, and making the lining repair in the hot atmosphere.

Abstract: A refractory material for repairing blast furnaces, which is composed of 100 parts by weight of a base material chiefly consisting of at least one powdery refractory material selected from the group consisting of SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.3, CaO and FeO.sub.2 and containing, if necessary, 0.5 to 5.0 parts by weight of iron ore powder, fibrous metal or inorganic substance, 4 to 40 parts by weight of a bituminous material consisting of a petroleum pitch or coal tar pitch in the solid, or liquid phase with a softening point ranging from 70 to 250.degree. C, and 10 to 35 parts by weight of a liquid oil consisting of a mineral oil, fish oil or vegetable oil and containing, if necessary, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a thermosetting synthetic resin, thermosoftening synthetic resin or natural resin.

Abstract: The method consists in that a refractory mass is delivered by a sand-blast head along the ladle lining surface and parallel thereto, and, simultaneously, the sand-blast head is imparted such a complex movement inside the ladle as to fill the lining continuously along a helical trajectory and over the entire height of the ladle from the bottom to the top. A backing shaping element is positioned behind the head to ensure a predetermined narrow gap that is to be filled with the refractory mass.The apparatus for effecting the method is mounted on a platform installed inside the ladle on a hollow supporting rod through which the mass is fed to the sand-blast head. The head feeds the mass to apply the same to the inner surfaces of the ladle, while the backing shaping element limits the gap to be filled with the mass behind the head.

Abstract: A caulking composition and method, particularly for hermetically sealing coke ovens and the like having high temperature requirements. The composition is adhesive to metal surfaces at elevated oven temperatures, elastic to accommodate expansion, warping, etc. and drys to a crushable powder by the conclusion of the oven cycle. The composition comprises, by weight, 19 to 23% of a high temperature silicone oil, preferably about 20% dimethyl polysiloxane 20 to 34% of a thermally conductive white metal oxide, preferably zinc oxide, 20 to 34% of an inert particulate filler material, such as whiting and 22 to 35% of a hydrated alkaline metal oxide, such as hydrated lime.

Abstract: Radially constrained arcuately arranged modules such as bricks are placed under compression by a device placed in a space between two of the modules, and a hardenable material is cast in the space to embed the compression device.The compression device has an elongated member provided with pivoted module-engaging feet at its opposite ends. The elongated member is extensible to move the feet apart and apply compressive retention forces to the modules.

Abstract: A refractory fiber blanket furnace lining module with compensation for heat shrinkage, and method of assembly of such a module, are disclosed. In the module as assembled, the refractory fiber material is in compression in horizontal planes coplanar with the hot face and also in compression in planes vertical to the hot face. Upon or after installation, the horizontal compression is removed so that the fibers may expand to compensate for heat shrinkage as such shrinkage occurs and maintain a seal in joints between adjacent modules.

Abstract: A refractory lining in a metallurgical vessel is produced by tamping and/or slinging crude sand. Upon drying of the sand, evaporation of water contained in the sand is ensured by means of drains formed by hollow elongate bodies placed in position according to a suitable arrangement before depositing sand.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for applying patching or sealing compositions to the interior side walls and roof of a coke oven. In service the refractory of the side walls and roof develops cracks which need to be sealed. According to the invention, a gunning apparatus is mounted on the pusher machine. The head of the pusher ram carries a spray nozzle connected through pipes and a flexible hose with a gun tank mounted on the pusher machine chassis. The patching or sealing composition is applied immediately after coke is pushed from the oven by running the ram through the empty oven without waiting for the oven to cool.

Abstract: In the operation of a furnace for the production of iron or steel, the air preheater and the pipe communicating the preheater with the furnace are constructed of steel shells lined with an acid-resisting cement, with refractory lining overlying the cement. The acid-resisting cement is composed of quartz sand and refractory material in the form of hollow spheres, silicate binder, and hardener. The spheres are 10 - 40 vol.% of the total volume of quartz sand and spheres.

Abstract: A continuous process for melting inorganic raw materials to produce molten glass in a generally cylindrical continuously rotating chamber comprising the following steps:A. feeding the raw materials into the chamber;B. providing a flame of high intensity heat produced by the combustion of fuel with a gas containing about 50 to about 100 percent by volume oxygen and directing the flame into the chamber in such a manner that the raw materials are melted; andC. rotating said chamber at a sufficient speed and cooling the exterior of the chamber with a liquid coolant in such a manner that the inner surface of the chamber is coated with a layer of molten glass, the layer is solidified, and a solidified layer of glass is maintained throughout the process; andD. withdrawing molten glass.