Abstract: An assembly for reshaping an elongated plasticized article includes a heated fixture upon which the elongated article is supported in adhering fashion to a contoured upper surface. Following heating, the article is transferred to a cooling fixture exhibiting a further contoured upper surface and, upon subsequent cooling, the article exhibits a final multi-dimensional extending profile matching the contoured upper surface of the cooling fixture. A further variation of the assembly includes an elongated and bowed track supporting a fixed jig at an end thereof. A slidable jig is traversable along the track and actuated by a ram in directions towards and away from the first jig.

Abstract: A device for the production of film tubes includes a die head having an annular nozzle, from which a plastic melt for producing the film tube can be extruded in a transport direction (y), a fluid-application device, which is annular in shape at least in certain regions and which follows the die head in the transport direction (y) and which surrounds the film tube annularly, and via which a fluid can be guided toward the film tube, and a ring, the diameter of which is larger than the annular nozzle of the fluid-application device. The device has an adjusting device, via which the ring can be adjusted in height relative to the fluid-application device.

Abstract: The production of a biaxially oriented tube from thermoplastic material, wherein a tube in preform condition is extruded from thermoplastic material using an extruder having an extruder die head with an inner die member that forms a lumen in the tube in preform condition. The tube in preform condition is subjected to a temperature conditioning. Use is made of a expansion device comprising a non-deformable expansion part having a gradually increasing diameter to a maximum diameter, which expansion part is contacted by the tube and exerts an expanding force so as to bring about expansion of the tempered tube in circumferential direction. The method comprises drawing the tempered tube over the expansion device using a drawing device, in such a manner that said tube is transformed from a tube in preform condition into a biaxially oriented tube with thermoplastic material which is oriented in axial direction and in circumferential direction of the tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using a cryogen for cooling articles, particularly having applications for chilling extrusions. The apparatus and method including removing thermal energy from an article by conductive and convective heat transfer. The apparatus and method allows for heat transfer from an outer surface of an article, and from an inner surface of the article.

Abstract: A sizer assembly for providing a shaped polymeric article in an extrusion process includes a sizer body having a product profile channel corresponding to the shaped polymeric article formed therethrough. The sizer body includes a plurality of cooling liquid inlet slots forming an opening substantially around the product profile channel and a plurality of vacuum slots forming an opening substantially around the product profile channel for removing cooling liquid expelled from said cooling liquid inlet slots.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus and method for producing a resin film product from a thermoplastic resin in a stable manner without damage to the product, wherein the resin film product is thin and has a uniform, flat surface. A mandrel 7 that comes into proximity or contact with the surface of a moving resin film to guide the movement of the resin film when a resin film in continuous form is continuously produced, the mandrel comprising: a mandrel main body 71 having an opening; and a guide part 72 that is composed of an elastic member attached to the opening 71a and that can advance and retract relative to the resin film, and an apparatus and method for producing a resin film using the mandrel.

Abstract: An internal mandrel for cooling a tubular thin film is disclosed where an air layer is eliminated in the lower side cooler of the internal mandrel, so that the tubular thin film can be continuously and stably produced. In the internal mandrel for directly cooling the tubular thin film while using external circularly shaped cooling tank where the tubular thin film is downwardly extruded through a circular slit of the die, the internal mandrel is characterized in that coolant for cooling a lower most part of the internal mandrel is flown in the countercurrent direction in the internal mandrel to the tubular thin film.

Abstract: A method and device for cooling and calibrating a section of plastic, where the section is introduced, via a matched opening, into a preferably evacuated housing such as a tank or bath, including several panels arranged one behind the other, and treated with a cooling fluid, for example a liquid, by means of jets arranged peripherally around the section. The cooling fluid is supplied to the jets with a pressure p of p≧5 bars.

Abstract: An extrusion molding method including plasticizing and kneading a raw material (1), composed of a synthetic resin material having high heat-resistance and strength, extruding the material from a molding die (3) to form a tubular body (51), passing the tubular body (51) on a sizing die (4) to give it a final inner diameter, cooling and hardening the tubular body (51). The molding die (3) and sizing die (4) are coupled to each other by a connecting pipe (6). The sizing die (4) is made of a carbon material. A first air (81) is supplied to an interior of the sizing die (4) through the connecting pipe (6). A second air (92) is supplied to an interior of the molding die (3) so that an air lubrication layer is formed between an inner surface (52) of the continuous product (5) and an outer surface (41) of the sizing die (4).

Abstract: A vacuum extrusion line of the horizontal barometric leg type includes a vacuum chamber having an extrusion die at one end and a water baffle immersion cooler at the other end for extracting the extrudate to atmosphere, extrudate shaping and sizing equipment downstream of the die, a large diameter fixed bulkhead at the die, and first and second large diameter movable sections surrounding the shaping and sizing equipment, a smaller fixed section of the chamber. The first section sealing against the second section and the fixed section and telescoping over the fixed section to form a gap with the second section being movable within the limits of the gap. The second section also seals against the large diameter fixed bulkhead. In this manner the downstream equipment can be fully exposed by movement of one or both movable sections and adequate volume and spatial working environment is provided for large through-put. A simplified lock mechanism facilitates the quick opening and closing of the chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing a hollow plastic section by extrusion through a die in a horizontal direction. The die has an inner mandrel which forms the cavity in the section. A first sealing plug and a second sealing plug, which sealing plugs are situated at a distance from one another downstream of the inner mandrel are attached to the inner mandrel. The sealing plugs are designed, during operation of the apparatus, to lie in the hollow section, such that they are sealed against the section, so that the sealing plugs and the section delimit a compartment in the cavity of the section. The compartment is filled with a liquid during operation of the apparatus. Vent means are located in the compartment for receiving and discharging gases or vapor which collects at the highest point of the compartment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the diameter of a clear extruded molten tube wherein the extruded tube contains a volume of a clear liquid and the level of the liquid is indicative of the tube diameter so the level rises as the tube diameter decreases. A light beam passing through the tube is refracted from a straight line path when the liquid level rises above the level of the beam. The refracting of the beam in turn triggers the introduction of air into the extruded tube to increase the diameter of the extruded, molten tube.

Abstract: Method for treating an extruded plastic section having a hollow space and installation suitable for carrying out such a treatment. The installation includes an extruder which has a core for forming the hollow space in the section and, at a distance downstream from the extruder in the extrusion direction of the section, a closing means having a rigid circumferential wall. The installation also has a first conduit connected to a supply orifice which is provided in the circumferential wall of the closing means, a fluid feeder connected to the first conduit and a second conduit connected to a discharge orifice. The discharge orifice is upstream of the supply orifice to provide a fluid film flowing opposite to the extrusion direction between the circumferential wall of the closing means and the extruded section.

Abstract: A vacuum extrusion line of the horizontal barometric leg type includes a vacuum chamber 10 having an extrusion die 18 at one end and a water baffle immersion cooler 20 at the other end for extracting the extrudate to atmosphere, extrudate shaping and sizing equipment downstream of the die 18, a large diameter fixed bulkhead 16 a the die 18, and first 44 and second 46 large diameter movable sections surrounding the shaping and sizing equipment, a smaller fixed section of the chamber. The first section sealing against the second section and the fixed section and telescoping over the fixed section to form a gap 68 with the second section being movable within the limits of the gap 68. The second section also seals against the large diameter fixed bulkhead 16. In this manner the downstream equipment can be fully exposed by movement of one or both movable sections and adequate volume and spatial working environment is provided for large through-put.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for forming a cellulose film suitable for direct food contact by precipitation from a solution of cellulose water and a tertiary amine oxide cellulose solvent. After precipitation of a cellulose gel from the solution, the gel is washed at ever increasing temperatures and then dried to provide a cellulose film having a solvent level to not more than 40 ppm. Portions of the wash water is collected and treated to recover the solvent for reuse.

Abstract: A vacuum extrusion line of the horizontal barometric leg type includes a vacuum chamber having an extrusion die at one end and a water baffle immersion cooler at the other end for extracting the extrudate to atmosphere, extrudate shaping and sizing equipment downstream of the die, a large diameter fixed bulkhead at the die, and first and second large diameter movable sections surrounding the shaping and sizing equipment, a smaller fixed section of the chamber. The first section sealing against the second section and the fixed section and telescoping over the fixed section to form a gap with the second section being movable within the limits of the gap. The second section also seals against the large diameter fixed bulkhead. In this manner the downstream equipment can be fully exposed by movement of one or both movable sections and adequate volume and spatial working environment is provided for large through-put. A simplified lock mechanism facilitates the quick opening and closing of the chamber.

Abstract: The process according to the invention for producing large-bore thick-walled pipes made of polyethylene comprises extruding the polymer composition out of an annular die 3 and subsequently cooling the melt 7 emerging from the die 3 using water as the coolant from the outside, the melt 7 emerging from the die being additionally also cooled with water from the inside. In order to ensure the internal cooling, according to the invention floating plugs 11 and 12 are inserted, which plugs are fixed in their physical position relative to the extrusion die 3 by means of retaining elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming an oriented plastic pipe from a plastic tubular material includes a first heated liquid bath for heating the plastic material to the glass transition temperature and a cooled liquid bath downstream of the heated liquid bath for cooling the plastic pipe after orientation of same.

Abstract: This invention relates to the manufacture of flexible porous plastic irrigation and aeration pipe having an essentially uniform porosity throughout its length. The process for making the porous pipe includes volumetrically delivering to a mixing hopper for preblending thermoset polymer particles and a thermoplastic binder for the particles, preblending the components in the hopper, volumetrically feeding from the hopper the preblended components for controlled discharge into an extruder, and extruding the preblended components to produce the porous plastic pipe.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling a tubular thin film of thermoplastic resin in a melted state is described. The apparatus is capable of cooling the thin film from both the inside and the outside thereof while setting its diameter by interposing the film between the mandrel and an external circular coolant storage tank. The mandrel has a cylindrical shape and is connected with the lower side of a circular-shaped extruding die wherein the film is extruded downward from a circular slit in the die. The mandrel includes an air-injecting nozzle for injecting compressed air that maintains the shape of an upper bubble part of the thin film formed between the die and the mandrel. A coolant injecting nozzle which can inject the coolant toward the inner surface of the thin film is provided, the coolant injecting nozzle being formed into a single stage of circular slit or two or more stages of circular slits.

Abstract: In a method for forming a cellulose tube suitable for use as a food casing, in which a solution of nonderivatized cellulose, tertiary amine N-oxide and water is extruded through a die gap and the extruded tube is downwardly drawn through an air gap while being internally cooled and then is passed into a water bath, the tube transverse direction tensile strength being increased by drawing the extruded tube through an air length of at least about five inches and exposing the exterior surface of the extruded tube to cooling air in the air gap.

Abstract: A vacuum sizing apparatus and method of cooling and sizing plastic extrusions. In one embodiment the molten plastic extrudate enters a first vacuum chamber, passes into an ambient air environment, and then passes into a second water chamber. The first vacuum chamber includes entry and exit sizing plate manifolds to impart and maintain the size and shape of the plastic extrudate.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling a tubular thin film of thermoplastic resin in a melted state is described. The apparatus is capable of cooling the thin film from both the inside and the outside thereof while setting its diameter by interposing the film between the mandrel and an external circular coolant storage tank. The mandrel has a cylindrical shape and is connected with the lower side of a circular-shaped extruding die wherein the film is extruded downward from a circular slit in the die. The mandrel includes an air-injecting nozzle for injecting compressed air that maintains the shape of an upper bubble pan of the thin film formed between the die and the mandrel. A coolant injecting nozzle which can inject the coolant toward the inner surface of the thin film is provided, the coolant injecting nozzle being formed into a single stage of circular slit or two or more stages of circular slits.

Abstract: An isobaric vaporization cooling for extruded thermoplastic profiles is carried out at 25 inches Hg in a tank by spraying water onto the extrusions. The water vapor and any air entering the tank are withdrawn to maintain the pressure constant during the cooling and the condensate from the withdrawn vapor is recycled to the spraying nozzles.

Abstract: A sizing tool for extruding plastic tubing is disclosed. The tool includes a peripheral wall having an inner surface that defines the outer dimension of a plastic tubing advancing from an extruder through the tool under influence of an internal pressure exceeding the pressure prevailing in the tool. The tool also includes a lubricating water channel system in the peripheral wall and extending along the tool length and having at least one opening communicating with the inner surface of said peripheral wall. The tool also includes a cooling medium channel system in the peripheral wall and extending along the length. The cooling medium channel system being substantially closed within the peripheral wall and being separate from the lubricating water channel system.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for cooling and if necessary calibrating elongated, especially continuously extruded objects (7) made of plastic as well as a cooling and calibrating device (5) for carrying out the process. With this the object (7) during its advancement in the longitudinal direction is exposed in consecutive regions (13 to 18; 86 to 89, 95 to 97) to a higher vacuum in each case and is cooled with respect to the initial temperature to a lower final temperature. The heat to be removed for cooling is extracted by a coolant washing round the object (7).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing plastic pipe such that the pipe has apertures formed therein when the pipe is viewed in cross-section, comprising the steps of having hot plastic flow through a die and subsequently be extruded through a die head to form an extruded wall component having first and second end wails, with the die head having formed therein a plurality of first sized gaps and a plurality of second sized gaps, with the second sized gaps having an aperture located inside each of said second sized gaps. The die is secured to a manifold assembly, with the manifold assembly comprising sets of tubes located centrally of one another, each set of tubes comprising a water inlet tube, a tube through which a vacuum is pulled, and a water return tube. Each set of tubes is positioned longitudinally within a respective die manifold tube with the outermost surface of each set of tubes spaced a first distance from the respective die manifold tube. Each of the respective die manifold tubes extends through the die.

Abstract: An isobaric vaporization cooling for extruded thermoplastic profiles is carried out at 25 inches Hg in a tank by spraying water onto the extrusions. The water vapor and any air entering the tank are withdrawn to maintain the pressure constant during the cooling and the condensate from the withdrawn vapor is recycled to the spraying nozzles.

Abstract: The present invention has several aspects: an extrusion apparatus, a method of making a curved extrusion, and a curved extrusion made by the method. In broadest terms, the apparatus of the present invention comprises: (1) an extruding means, typically an extruder, adapted to produce an extrudate having a cross-section; (2) a plurality of guide members arranged so as to form a curvilinear path through which the extrusion is passed, each of the guide members having an aperture having substantially the same shape as the cross-section of the extrusion, whereby the plurality of guide members are adapted to form the extrusion into a curved shape while maintaining the cross-section of the extrusion; and (3) mechanical means adapted to conduct the extrusion through said plurality of guide members, such as an extrusion puller.

Abstract: A large-diameter plastic pipe is made by extruding from an extruding-nozzle assembly a hollow thermoplastic strip having an outer rectangular cross section and formed with longitudinally extending outer walls and webs having inner surfaces and defining a plurality of longitudinally extending internal cells separated by the webs from one another. Substantially only the inner surfaces of the outer walls and the cell-forming webs are then cooled to size the strip and provide it with a predetermined compressive strength stable up to a predetermined critical pressure of the design strength while externally shielding external surfaces of the strip and thereby preventing cooling of same.

Abstract: A compression-resistant spacer is provided between the lower track of a hauler and the calibrator mounting platform of a calibrator or sizer in a extrusion line to prevent vibration of the calibrator and minimize wall thickness variations and surface markings of extruded profiles such as window profiles.

Abstract: A process of expanding plastics film is disclosed, together with an apparatus for performing that process, in which expansion of the plastics film is performed under the control of a liquid providing a stable hydraulic mass, by the downward extrusion and drawing of the plastics film, and the final expansion thereof, exclusively under the influence of the static and dynamic pressure of a hydraulic mass, at a position spaced downwardly of the extrusion head, the hydraulic mass being one that remains in a liquid phase at all temperatures encountered during the step of lateral stretching of the plastics film, to the exclusion of vaporization of the hydraulic mass.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of biaxially oriented liquid crystal films. The process includes:(i) forming an anisotropic dope from a polymerization solution of rigid rod heterocyclic liquid crystalline polymers such as poly{[benzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bisthiazole-2,6-diyl] 1,4-phenylene}, its cis isomer or mixtures thereof, and poly{[benzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bisoxazole-2,6-diyl] 1,4-phenylene}, its cis isomer or mixtures thereof, and a solvent such as polyphosphoric acid;(ii) extruding the dope to form a film;(iii) imparting biaxial orientation to the film to increase the transverse strength thereof;(iv) solidifying the biaxially oriented film; and(v) washing the solidified film to remove the solvent. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal film produced by the above process.

Abstract: A seamless parison extruded from an extruder via an annular die, passes through a calibrator and coaxially surrounds a probe pipe, which is made to extend through the annular die beyond the calibrator. On the probe pipe there is mounted a sealing element. Ahead of the sealing element, a pressure equal to atmospheric pressure prevails inside the tube and, after the sealing element, a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure prevails. The pressurization is achieved in that a second belt take-off folds together the tube, so that the compressed air fed in through the probe pipe causes a higher tube internal pressure, since the sealing element bears in a sealing manner against the inside of the tube. As a result, a substantial pressure separation is effected at the point of the sealing element.

Abstract: In a device for the extrusion of a tube the extruded tube (2) is guided by a piston (20) placed inside said tube (2) at a distance from the extrusion head (1) the cooling of the extruded tube (2) is improved by means of nozzles (13) which spray water (5) at an angle against the inside of the tube (2) and away from the extrusion head (1), the said water sprays further kept away from the extrusion head by a fan (17) which blows air through the tube (2) away from the head (1) means (14-22) being provided for the supply and discharge of water and air respectively.

Abstract: A pipe plug apparatus and method for its use are described herein. A pipe plug is provided which includes a first portion, and second and third portions which radially extend from the exterior surface of the first portion so as to surround the first portion. When the plug is positioned in a pipe, liquid is introduced into the space as defined between the second and third portions, and as defined between the pipe interior surface and first portion exterior surface, so as to at least partially fill the space with the liquid.

Abstract: A method for the production of thermoplastic tubes comprising: (1) extruding the thermoplastic tube of which the interior surface in a molten state by a heating unit disposed within the area of a mandrel near the nozzle of an extrusion mold, and (2) sliding the interior surface of the tube on an additional mandrel supported to the front end of the mandrel through a heat-insulating material in axial alignment with the hollow mandrel in a manner to bring the interior surface of the tube into contact with the smooth surface of the additional mandrel and simultaneously cooling the interior surface of the tube with a cooling medium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for internal cooling of extruded tube-shaped objects wherein liquid nitrogen is inserted into the tube and evaporated there out of contact with the tube on account of the heat from the tube whereafter only evaporated nitrogen is made to pass through the inner surfaces of the extruded tube. The apparatus for evaporation of the liquid nitrogen and for conduction of the gasified nitrogen comprises a cylinder-shaped member with good thermal conductivity placed in the shaped tube adjacent to the extruder nozzle. Provided in the closed end of the cylindrical member are nozzle members with a connection to a supply line for liquid nitrogen inserted through the extruder nozzle. Provided in the opposite end of the cylindrical member are openings for passage of the evaporated nitrogen out towards the shaped tube.

Abstract: A process for the calibration of a profiled article of thermoplastic synthetic resin wherein a vacuum is applied to the external surface of the profiled article while the article is drawn through a calibrating tool and wherein the profile surface of the profiled article is cooled indirectly by a liquid coolant flowing through ducts within the calibrating tool involves applying a vacuum via a plurality of slots within the calibrating tool which are placed adjoining the profile surface and feeding coolant through the ducts of the calibrating tool in such a manner that the coolant is discharged by means of the vacuum via the profile surface which is under the vacuum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for stretching a thermoplastic polymer film in which the opposite selvages of the film are gripped by gripping means and are stretched transversely during heating by moving the selvages along two divergent arcuate paths lying in the same plane and extending over a predetermined circumferential range from a quater to a half of the full circumference of the circle containing the arcuate paths. In order to avoid drawbacks in the existing equipment such as irregular molecular orientation in and rupture of the film, the longitudinal travel of the film while being stretched is controlled by controlling means so that the central web portion is advanced by substantially the same distance as the gripped film selvages, whereby the amound of longitudinal movement of the film is held always constant throughout the width of the film.

Abstract: A process for the calibration of a profiled article of thermoplastic synthetic resin wherein a vacuum is applied to the external surface of the profiled article while the article is drawn through a calibrating tool and wherein the profile surface of the profiled article is cooled indirectly by a liquid coolant flowing through ducts within the calibrating tool involves applying a vacuum via a plurality of slots within the calibrating tool which are place adjoining the profile surface and feeding coolant through the ducts of the calibrating tool in such a manner that the coolant is discharged by means of the vacuum via the profile surface which is under the vacuum.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously, biaxially orienting tubular ethylene polymer film by expansion and extension of the tube under particular conditions for heating the expanding tube, to give a heat shrinkable film. The heat shrinkable film has excellent heat shrinkability, shrinkage stress, transparency, heat sealability and impact resistance, and is very suited for use in shrink packaging.

Abstract: A molten thermoplastic resin is extruded in the form of a double-layer cylindrical hollow film with the two film layers being interconnected with each other by a number of spaced legs and is then immediately passed through an annular gap defined by annular side walls of inner and outer vessels in such a manner that the two film layers are in contact with the respective side walls defining the gap. Coolant is supplied to the inner and outer vessels and overflows above the side walls to bring the coolant into contact with the resin. The level of the coolant overflowing above both side walls is adjusted to be equal and also to have a liquid pressure on the extruded resin balanced with a gas pressure supplied in between the two film layers and the legs of the extruded resin.

Abstract: Apparatus as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,796,781 for the production of quenched tubes of plastics materials, wherein the peripheral portions of the caibrating disc assembly that contact the wall of the tube during operation of the apparatus comprise a liquid absorbent material.

Abstract: In the process of extruding tubular thermoplastic film or tape, the production rate can be improved by using a smooth support plug to stabilize and shape the extrudate after it has been cooled and at least partially solidified. A principal function of the support plug is to assist in supporting the long slender column of partially solidified extrudate which is above the plug. The result is a significant increase in the output of the extrusion process.

Abstract: An improved process of producing a predetermined textured surface on a polypropylene film is disclosed including the steps of extruding the polypropylene into a stalk, cooling the stalk to crystallize the polypropylene, passing the stalk through a heating zone and biaxially stretching the stalk into a thin film. The stalk emanating from the extruder has a section primarily temperature controlled and correlated to the stalk velocity to cause extensive, continuous and uniform spherulite formation with a predominantly type III polypropylene crystal structure on the outer surface of the stalk, which upon subsequent inflation of the stalk causes the desired texture to occur.

Abstract: A method of making elongated members of thermoplastic material which simulate natural bamboo by continuously extruding the material through a die, cooling the extruded material downstream of the die, gripping the cool material and transporting the material away from the die and slowing the speed of transport relative to the speed of extrusion at predetermined lengths of extrusion to produce regions of greater external cross-sectional dimensions to provide axially spaced nodes similar to those of bamboo.

Abstract: A quench bath for cooling an axially moving tubular form comprises an axially compressible jacket with a liquid-retaining annular seal assembly engageable with the tubular form, inlet and discharge means for cooling liquid, and means to releasably support the jacket in an extended configuration.The bath is suitable for cooling tubular extrudates in the production of oriented tubular film.

Abstract: .Iadd.An improved extrusion method is provided to produce plastic tubes having at least one end thereof an increased wall thickness. The method includes the steps of continuously advancing plastic material through an extruder to form a cylinder, cooling the extruded cylinder as it passes from the extruder, periodically increasing the speed at which the plastic material is fed to the extruder relative to the speed at which the cylinder is drawn from the extruder to produce a section having an increased wall thickness and dividing the cylinder thus formed. .Iaddend.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for cooling and if necessary calibrating elongated, especially continuously extruded objects (7) made of plastic as well as a cooling and calibrating device (5) for carrying out the process. With this the object (7) during its advancement in the longitudinal direction is exposed in consecutive regions (13 to 18; 86 to 89, 95 to 97) to a higher vacuum in each case and is cooled with respect to the initial temperature to a lower final temperature. The heat to be removed for cooling is extracted by a coolant washing round the object (7).