Abstract: A method of producing a biaxially oriented sheet or film, wherein molten resin is simultaneously, biaxially oriented in a direction of extruding the molten resin and in a direction perpendicular thereto, and an apparatus therefor, are disclosed. In the method of producing a biaxially oriented sheet or film, the molten resin is extruded into a tubular form in the horizontal direction, once cooled, thereafter, in heating the tubular resin prior to the biaxial orientation, the tubular resin is uniformly heated with the heating applied on the vertically lower side and the heating applied on the vertically upper side of the tubular resin being controlled separately of each other so as to prevent the ununiformity of the heating of the tubular resin in the circumferential direction thereof due to the elevation in heat caused by a thermal convection phenomenon, and then, the tubular resin is biaxially oriented.

Abstract: A plastic film is formed by annealing a molten tubular film in a first enclosed space and immediately thereafter directing cold air perpendicular to the axis thereof and expanding and solidifying the film in a second enclosed space while in contact with cold air flowing parallel to film travel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the manufacture of oriented plastic film, in particular polyester film, by the inflation in two steps of an extruded seamless tube of plastic material. The present invention also relates to the laminate manufactured in accordance with the method.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously, biaxially orienting tubular ethylene polymer film by expansion and extension of the tube under particular conditions for heating the expanding tube, to give a heat shrinkable film. The heat shrinkable film has excellent heat shrinkability, shrinkage stress, transparency, heat sealability and impact resistance, and is very suited for use in shrink packaging.

Abstract: A casing of stretched plastic material, whether or not filled with a fluid such as gas or air, is wound with some tension about a smooth heated mandrel. During its curved path of travel said casing is on the one hand subjected to a contact or a radiation heat and on the other hand to a convection heat, said contact radiation heat prevailing during a period of time which is greater than that of the convection heat, thus causing the inner curved portion of the said casing to set during the time that the outer portions of the casing windings have already cooled down, so that smooth curved surfaces are obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus for making biaxially stretched tubular films of thermoplastic synthetic resin which permits operation in a stabilized manner and economically by using the hot air used in stretching a bubble again in heating a raw film. In said apparatus, a suction ring is provided in the section where a heated raw film is inflated by the gas filled therein under pressure, and the diameter of the resulting stretched bubble reaches its maximum diameter. The suction ring sucks the air used for heating the stretching part simultaneously with the air used for cooling it after stretching to attain a thermal interception effect between the stretching part and the cooling part after stretching. Air flow around the stretching bubble is made uniform.

Abstract: A stretched plastic casing is tensioned by means of a fluid medium after having been introduced into two clamping rollers, and conveyed to a bending member in front of or at the location of which it is subjected to a thermal treatment such, that it is bent out of its original path, while being thermally deformed, and is subsequently conveyed in the same direction of curvature, in a bent form, so as to be cooled down.

Abstract: A composition for shrinkable film which excels in heat-sealability, transparency, strength, and particularly low-temperature quick shrinking property and, therefore, suits production chiefly of packaging materials, a film made of the composition and a process for the manufacture of the film are disclosed. Specifically, the composition comprises one of the specific combinations of components (A), (B) and (C), i.e. the combinations of (A)+(B), (B)+(C) and (A)+(B)+(C), wherein (A) is non-rigid polyolefine resins such as ethylene vinyl acetate, (B) is an elastomer comprising a specific ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer, and (C) is rigid polyolefin resins such as polypropylene.

Abstract: Process for the production of a porous aluminum matrix for the negative electrode of a galvanic cell, in the charged state, having lithium aluminum and metal sulfide elements (or electrodes). Aluminum powder is thoroughly mixed, e.g., by grinding, with a fine salt, which is soluble in water and which serves as an expanding agent. Coarser particles of the same expanding agent (about 100 to 500 .mu.m in size) are then added. The matrix is finally completed by hot pressing at a temperature of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 500 bar and by the expanding agent being subsequently dissolved out of the matrix using water.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing biaxially stretched tubular films which enables heating air for stretching to pass uniformly around the circumference of a stretching bubble thereby to effect stabilized operation. Said apparatus comprises 1 a circular hood fitted to the section where a loaded raw film starts stretching and a formed stretching bubble expands to its maximum diameter, 2 holders for a plurality of rolls, which holders are mounted on the lower part of said hood, said rolls being held each on the end of said holders which an elasticity allowing swinging of said rolls only in the direction radial to the central axis of said bubble but resistant to being distorted in the direction of circumference of said stretching bubble, and 3 a flexible and shrinkable cylindrical sheet attached to and along the inside lower surface of said hood, the lower end of said sheet being situated immediately above the roll part of said holders.

Abstract: In a biaxial blown tube synthetic resin film making apparatus, the extruder die, mandrel, the reheat ovens, and a hot air ring are caused to rotate and oscillate about a stalk moving coaxially therethrough to provide an improved flatter and more uniform film.

Abstract: A quench bath for cooling an axially moving tubular form comprises an axially compressible jacket with a liquid-retaining annular seal assembly engageable with the tubular form, inlet and discharge means for cooling liquid, and means to releasably support the jacket in an extended configuration.The bath is suitable for cooling tubular extrudates in the production of oriented tubular film.