Abstract: Skulls which form within the upper nose section of steelmaking vessels are removed by means of a centrally located top blowing lance designed to blow at high velocity oxygen or other gases. The lance includes laterally extending ports communicating with a central relatively wide gas chamber and the gas is directed generally laterally outwardly against the inner wall of the nose section to retard or remove the skulls.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for producing low-oxygen iron-base metallic powder are disclosed. The low-oxygen iron-base metallic powder is produced by alloying and/or admixing iron-base metallic raw powder to be subjected to a final reduction, which has an apparent density in filled state corresponding to 16-57% of theoretical true density, an oxygen content of not more than 6% by weight and a particle size of not more than 1 mm, with carbon or carbonaceous granule in an amount corresponding to not more than an target alloying carbon content of a final product (% by weight) + an oxygen content of the powder just before the final reduction (% by weight) .times. 1.35 to form a starting powder, preheating the starting powder at a temperature of 780.degree.-1,130.degree. C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere having a theoretical oxygen partial pressure of not more than 2.1.times.10.sup.-1 mmHg and a dew point of not more than +5.degree. C.

Abstract: Skulls which form within the upper nose section of steelmaking vessels are removed by means of a centrally located top blowing lance designed to blow at high velocity oxygen or other gases. The lance includes laterally extending ports communicating with a central relatively wide gas chamber and the gas is directed generally laterally outwardly against the inner wall of the nose section to retard or remove the skulls.

Abstract: A shaft furnace for producing low-oxygen iron-base metallic powder for metallurgy is disclosed. The shaft furnace comprises a zone of storing and feeding a metallic raw powder, a preheating zone, an induction heating zone and a zone of cutting and cooling a product cake in a vertical array from top to bottom. The preheating zone and induction heating zone have a special structure for ensuring a smooth descent of the raw powder and the cake.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating a strip of briquets issuing from a briquetting machine into individual briquets by bending the briquet strip both longitudinally and transversely to break the connections between adjacent briquets. The apparatus includes a carrying conveyor having arcuate, waveform or sawtooth conveyor slats and a conforming conveyor having conveyor slats with a cross section which mates with that of the carrying conveyor. The conforming conveyor forces the briquet strip to conform to the slat configuration of the first conveyor and to pass around a pivot means which breaks or separates the strip into individual briquets.

Abstract: Apparatus for the continuous granulation of molten slags produced in metallurgical furnaces such as blast furnaces, converters, electric furnaces, reverberatory furnaces and the like, and for recovering the heat of the molten slags, includes a vertically oriented conical bounce deflector 4 against whose non-wettable surface a plurality of circumferentially arranged molten slag jets 1 are directed.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating a sheet of briquets issuing from a briquetting machine into individual briquets by bending the briquet sheet both longitudinally and transversely to break the connections between adjacent briquets. The apparatus includes a carrying conveyor having arcuate, waveform or sawtooth conveyor slats and a conforming conveyor having conveyor slats with a cross section which mates with that of the carrying conveyor. The conforming conveyor forces the briquet sheet to conform to the slat configuration of the first conveyor and to pass around a pivot means which breaks or separates the sheet into individual briquets.

Abstract: Molten slag is impinged against a target, for instance a rotary drum, gets itself granulated as it rebounces on the target surface, and is charged into a fluidized bed consisting of solid particles and gas so that slag granules may be quickly cooled without damaging the shape.

Abstract: A process for controlled slow cooling of non-ferrous smelting slags, such as copper slags, for the recovery of the non-ferrous metals contained therein by subsequent crushing, milling and flotation operations is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of pouring the molten slag into a ladle, allowing the slag to slowly cool and solidify in the ladle at least to the point where a shell is formed which is strong enough to withstand dumping from the ladle, dumping the slag from the ladle in a single piece, allowing the dumped slag to cool until its center is substantially solidified, and breaking the dumped slag in small pieces for further cooling, crushing, milling and flotation operations. Alternatively, the top of the slag in the ladle may be water cooled while the slag is allowed to slowly cool in the ladle until its center is substantially solidified. The slag is then dumped and subsequently broken in small pieces.

Abstract: Zinc bearing solutions are subjected to cementation in at least one fluidized bed of zinc particles which are simultaneously subjected to transverse agitation to remove impurities precipitated on the particles.