Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing heated material (1), wherein the material is guided along a conveying path and is covered and protected against heat loss in the region of the conveying path by at least one reflector element (2), wherein the reflector element (2) is cooled by means of a liquid. According to the invention, in order to guarantee efficient cooling of the reflector without costly measures, the liquid is glycol or comprises glycol or the liquid is alcohol or comprises alcohol or the liquid is thermal oil.

Abstract: A method for reducing material containing iron oxide in a solid bed in a reduction shaft and converting the material to pre-reduced material in the reduction shaft by introducing pre-reduction gas into the solid bed at a pressure p1. Pre-reduced material is introduced from the reduction shaft into a melter gasifier and there finally reduced by reduction gas under a pressure p2. A top gas at pressure p3 is diverted from above the solid bed out of the reduction shaft. A dust exhaust gas having a pressure p4 is diverted from the solid bed out of the reduction shaft. The relationships p1>p4 and p1>p3, and preferably also p4>p3, apply. A device carries out such a method.

Abstract: One or more of the embodiments described herein may include features related to the protection of chests, safes and other security enclosures and in particular to improvements to safes/chests and automatic banking machines which are subject to gas attack and similar assault which are perpetrated with a view to blowing up a chest to gain unauthorized access.

Abstract: An off-gas channel (1) of a closed-type smelting furnace (2), the off-gas channel (1) comprising a first end (3) opening to the upper part of the smelting furnace (2) and a second end (4) opening to a gas cleaning apparatus (5) for leading the furnace off-gases to the gas cleaning apparatus. The off-gas channel comprises at least one cleaning nozzle (6, 7, 8, 9) adapted to spray pressurized fluid to the inner surface of the off-gas channel.

Abstract: A method for providing reduction gas for iron ore reduction by cooling and dry dedusting generator gas produced in a melter gasifier for pig iron production, as well as a device for carrying out such method, are provided. The generator gas may be cooled both by water injection and by heat exchange after it has been discharged from the melter gasifier and before a dry dedusting thereof.

Abstract: A method for recovering thallium in a cement production facility according to the present invention includes: a collecting process of collecting dust from combustion gas at a passage of the combustion gas, which is downstream of a gas outlet of a suspension preheater or a gas outlet of a demineralizer of a cement kiln of the cement production facility; a water-cleaning process of producing slurry or a water solution by cleaning the collected dust using water; and a filtering process of separating the slurry or water solution into a solid and a liquid and recovering thallium, wherein thallium is recovered from the combustion gas exhausted from the cement production facility.

Abstract: This invention is intended to lower a temperature of a high-temperature exhaust gas to a desired temperature, while effectively suppressing adhesion of melting components and dusts in the high-temperature exhaust gas onto an inner wall of a cooling tower. For this purpose, a method of the present invention comprises an introduction step of introducing a high-temperature exhaust gas into a cooling tower through a gas duct, and a cooling step of sparging cooling water to the high-temperature exhaust gas in the cooling tower to cool the high-temperature exhaust gas. During the introduction step, the high-temperature exhaust gas is introduced into the cooling tower through the gas duct comprising two gas duct lines, in such a manner that respective portions of the high-temperature exhaust gas from the two gas duct lines become equal to each other in flow velocity and flow volume.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for producing liquid pig iron or liquid primary steel products from charge materials formed by iron ores and additions. The charge materials are subjected to a further reduction in a reducing zone (1) and are then fed to a smelting zone or a smelting unit (2), in particular a fusion gasifier, for smelting with the addition of carbon carriers and oxygen-containing gas to form a fixed bed. A CO- and H2-containing reduction gas is formed, which gas is introduced into the reducing zone converted there and drawn off as top gas. The hot top gas, laden with solid matter, after separation of the solids, is subjected at least to a dry coarse separation and at least parts of the hot solids segregated by the separation are returned into the smelting zone or the smelting unit (2) or the reducing unit (1). In addition, the top gas is treated in a further fine separation stage (13A).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for increasing the capacity of a waste-heat boiler (1) processing gases obtained from a metallurgic smelting furnace, such as a flash smelting furnace, and for reducing dust accretions, where liquid is added into the waste-heat boiler (1) of the smelting furnace. The invention also relates to an apparatus for increasing the capacity of a waste-heat boiler (1) processing gases obtained from a metallurgic smelting furnace, such as a flash smelting furnace, and for reducing dust accretions, in which case the waste-heat boiler is provided with at least one nozzle (2) for adding liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for cooling the gas flow exiting through the uptake of a smelting furnace such as a flash-smelting furnace with finely dispersed liquid sprays, which prevents the solid matter particles contained within from coalescing and sintering.

Abstract: To effectively separate and recover solid dust and volatile or molten components while preventing solid dust and volatile or molten component dust from being adhered to inner walls of a temperature control tower.

Abstract: In a temperature control device comprising a temperature control tower for controlling a blown high-temperature exhaust gas to a proper temperature and discharging the temperature-controlled exhaust gas to the subsequent step side, the temperature control tower comprises a cooling water spray means for spraying cooling water to about the center of the gas flow of the high-temperature exhaust gas and a cooling gas injecting means for injecting cooling gas along the inner wall of the temperature control tower.

Abstract: A process for reducing fume, dust and/or smoke emission in transferring molten metal, entailing: a) blanketing molten metal, preferably steel or iron with, at least, solid carbon dioxide; and b) allowing the carbon dioxide to sublime, thereby restricting free air access to the molten metal, and reducing fume, dust and/or smoke emission therefrom.

Abstract: In a method for producing a hot CO- and H2-containing reducing gas serving for the reduction of fine-grained metal ore, in particular iron ore, the reducing gas is formed in a gasification zone by a gasification of carbon carriers, in particular coal, taking place under the supply of oxygen and subsequently is cooled down to a reducing-gas temperature favorable to the reduction process. In order to produce a thermodynamically more stable reducing gas, the reducing gas by the addition of H2O and/or CO2—in order to prevent the Boudouard and heterogeneous water-gas reaction and a resultant heating of the reducing gas—is converted to a reducing gas that is thermodynamically more stable at the reducing-gas temperature.

Abstract: Fume dust is prevented when molten metal is poured into a vessel, and water or water mist is sprayed into the vessel or onto the molten metal, creating a reduced level of oxygen concentration of about 12% by volume, preferably about 8% by volume, inside the vessel or at the molten metal surface.

Abstract: Replacing binder liquid with ground frozen binder liquid to granulate powders in a mechanical mixing granulator resulting in improving granulation homogeneity, reducing processing time, and simplifying the granulation method.

Abstract: A reactor provided with a gas-safety device/module therefor comprises (i) a reaction vessel having an open upper end, (ii) demisting means engaging and at least partially closing off the open upper end of such reaction vessel, and situated to traverse the path of direction of a gas stream, e.g., hydrogen, evolving from a reaction conducted within such reaction vessel, and (iii) inlet means intermediate such open upper end of the reaction vessel and the demisting means (ii) for charging a stream of air into the reaction vessel, such inlet means (iii) being adopted to charge an amount of air into the reaction vessel such as to maintain the composition of any air/evolved gas mixture below the ignition/explosive limits thereof.

Abstract: A furnace arrangement utilizes a single vertically disposed shaft furnace incorporating the features of pellet drying and hardening, oxidizing heat-up, reducing roast and gas separation. The upper portion of the furnace dries and hardens "green" pellets while at the same time subjecting them to an oxidizing atmosphere and temperature increase. A stack of the pellets slowly moves downwardly through a transistion zone to a reducing atmosphere in a lower portion of the furnace. A heated reducing gas circulates through this lower portion and out of the furnace through a recovery system of the furnace arrangement. After the sublimate carried by the reducing gas is removed, the reducing gas is supplemented and returned to the lower portion of the furnace to again produce a reducing atmosphere. A smaller branch of cooled reducing gas enters the lower portion of the furnace adjacent the bottom to cool the pellet residue immediately prior to removal from the furnace.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the suppression of fume from a body of molten metal is described. The method involves the blanketing of the molten metal bath with a mixture of pressurized inert gas and finely divided or atomized particles of water. The inert gas may be argon, nitrogen or steam. Apparatus particularly adapted for performing the disclosed method is also described.

Abstract: During the charging of a blast furnace with a new raw material, gas with a high dust content enters and pressurizes the storage bin. This pressurized gas is fed to one end of a temporary storage chamber in the form of an elongated tube having a discharge opening with a noise attenuator at the other end. When the storage tube is filled, it is connected to a low pressure suction device for removing the dust laden gas from the storage tube. The equipment is described with twin bins and alternating discharge therefrom using the same temporary storage tube.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the suppression of fume from a body of molten metal is described. The method involves the blanketing of the molten metal bath with a mixture of pressurized inert gas and finely divided or atomized particles of water. The inert gas may be argon, nitrogen or steam. Apparatus particularly adapted for performing the disclosed method is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for the handling of converter gases, especially the storage thereof, comprises a hood which fits over the mouth of a steel making converter and is connected by a duct and blower to a storage vessel. According to the invention, between the blower and the storage vessel, a cruciform junction is provided with the lower upwardly extending stretch being connected to the discharge side of the blower, the upper upwardly extending stretch being connected to a flaring pipe, one horizontal stretch being connected to the storage vessel and the other horizontal stretch to a bypass to the flaring pipe. Valves are provided for controlling the flow such that only the valuable gas is stored.

Abstract: A changeover device for an installation for recovery of the gases proceeding from a tilting converter placed in an enclosure connected to a fixed suction duct called the main suction duct. The main suction duct enables recovery of the gases which escape from the converter in the vertical position for blast. A secondary duct connected to one and the same suction device as the main duct enables the recovery of the gases in the converter in the inclined position for charging. The changeover device enables the suction to be exerted either in the main duct or in the secondary duct. It comprises a suction chamber having two superposed portions connected by a vertical junction duct projecting into the upper portion of the chamber. Around the junction duct there is a tank containing water. A vertically movable bell plunges into the tank in order to isolate the two portions of the chamber with respect to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process which makes possible the scrubbing of the flues and the recovery of the salts as contained in the oven slags for the remelting of aluminum scraps with a saline flux, by washing the slags with water and using the brine thus obtained for scrubbing the flues, until obtaining the saturation and the separation of the salt to be recycled as a flux.

Abstract: Off-gas produced by a blast furnace is treated by scrubbing and cooling the gas with water and then settling solids from the liquid effluent. The liquid effluent is cooled following settling, and a major portion of the cooled effluent is recirculated for another pass through the scrubbing and cooling steps. The remainder of the effluent is chemically treated, and heavy metals are precipitated and settled as sludge. The clarified effluent is filtered and then treated with a cation exchange resin in a sodium cycle. A substantial part of the ion-exchange-treated effluent is returned to the scrubbing and cooling steps, and another substantial part is discharged as blowdown. Return of water which is of adequate quality to prevent scaling significantly reduces the make-up requirements. By discharging the ion-exchange-treated effluent to blowdown while ammonium ions are being removed from solution by a given charge of ion-exchange resin, the standards for maximum blowdown discharge of ammonia are satisfied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dedusting and absorption of contaminating gases in exhaust gases of waste-incinerating devices and hot-air cupola furnaces. In the essence, mud-containing circulation water is atomized in the exhaust gas, whereby dry waste mud is produced. After dust precipitation, the gas is fed to a scrubber which removes the contamination gases. The scrubbing liquid is neutralized and, possibly, mixed with ash and fed back into the circulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing particulate iron oxide and producing molten iron in which coal and oxygen are impinged onto a molten iron bath in a closed vessel to melt the iron and gasify the coal. The hot off gas from the vessel is removed and used as the reductant in a counterflow shaft furnace to reduce iron oxide pellets and/or iron ore in a continuous manner. The hot reduced product from the shaft is discharged directly into the molten iron bath and melted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing molten iron in which pulverized coal is gasified with oxygen in an iron melting chamber, iron pellets on an upstanding hearth in the melting chamber are exposed to the gasification heat and melted. Molten iron trickles down from the hearth to a surrounding liquid bath. Off-gases from the chamber are utilized for direct reduction of iron oxide pellets to produce hot reduced iron pellets which are melted in the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for equalizing top gas pressure exerted on the bottom surface of the large bell operating in the large bell hopper in a top closing device for a blast furnace, so as to enable opening of the large bell for the feeding of charge therethrough during operation of the blast furnace of any top gas pressure, including a venturi scrubber, located at the top or in the vicinity of the blast furnace, connected by ducts to the uptake or other gas main for furnace top gas, and a separator, mounted at the top or in the vicinity of the blast furnace, connected by ducts to the venturi scrubber and large bell hopper, which elements scrub the furnace top gas and direct scrubbed top gas into the large bell hopper, so as to exert equalizing pressure on the large bell with scrubbed top gas, and further including an ejector, mounted in the venturi scrubber, which maintains a continuous flow of scrubbed top gas into the large bell hopper, so as to maintain equalizing pressure therein.

Abstract: A method for treating waste gases which are emitted from metallurgic refining methods wherein the gas is collected, cooled, cleaned and stored, and wherein the gas is removed from the refining method and treated under an excess pressure which pressure results from the refinery gas pressure. An apparatus for carrying out the method comprising a metallurgic vessel contained in a pressure vessel which is connected to a waste gas cooler and a dust separator is disclosed.

Abstract: A device for protecting a turbine driven by an exhaust gas of a blast furnace from a high temperature gas generated and discharged when the blow-out phenomenon takes place in the blast furnace is disclosed. In this protective device, occurrence of the blow-out phenomenon is detected, and cooling water is sprayed in an exhaust gas or in the turbine to lower the temperature of the gas, or cooling water is directly sprayed to a part of a material which readily undergoes thermal degradation to cool the material.

Abstract: Stack gas is first passed through a coarse-particle separator and then a prescrubbing tower. Then this gas, which is under pressure, is passed through a pair of differential-pressure (annular-gap) washers. The output side of one of the washers is connected directly to a droplet separator at the output of the system. The outlet of the other washer is connected through a turbine driving an electric generator and having its output side in turn connected to the droplet separator. The control body of at least the washer which is connected directly to the droplet separator is adjustable so as to maintain a constant backpressure in the system at the blast furnace from which the stack gas comes. The washer connected to the turbine is set up to pass at least four times as much of the gas as the other washers so that most of the gas passes through the turbine, undergoing a pressure drop that is transformed into the work of driving the turbine and generates electricity.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus for refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals which are present with them. In more detail, the apparatus comprises means for reacting together gaseous hydrogen and chlorine so as to produce a flame and means for passing into the reaction zone of the said flame the said mineral concentrate in finely divided particulate form.The apparatus comprises a tubular burner having a hydrogen-chlorine flame discharging into an inner heat resistant tube, means for the passage of the said mineral concentrates in particulate form through the reaction zone of the hydrogen chlorine flame, means for maintaining the reaction zone of the flame at a temperature within the range 900.degree. C. to 2500.degree. C. and means for scrubbing the reaction products after passage through the flame with an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A scrubber for blast furnace gas has a primary purifying unit and a secondary purifying and pressure adjusting unit in series with the primary unit. The primary purifying unit includes venturi having a divergent-constant diameter-convergent core in which the gas experiences a pressure loss and is subjected to a first washing with water. The secondary purifying unit comprises a multi-stage venturi including a first stage having a constant-diameter annular passage, followed by a diffuser section and at least one adjustable stage in series with the first stage which defines an annular passage of variable size.

Abstract: An apparatus located at the top of a blast furnace for equalizing pressure exerted by top gas, generated during operation of the blast furnace, on the bottom surface of the large bell movably mounted in the top of the blast furnace, operable so as to remove pollutants from the top gas and direct the top gas with the pollutants removed therefrom into the large bell hopper at full furnace pressure to exert equalizing pressure on the top surface of the large bell to enable opening of the large bell for feeding charge therethrough into the blast furnace.

Abstract: A purifier for handling the high temperature effluent from a blister copper furnace, which includes solid particles in the range from 600 microns, or greater, down to a few microns, which contains oxidizable material, and which is at a high temperature, in the range of 2100.degree. to 2400.degree. F. The effluent from the blister furnace goes first to a settling chamber where the very large particles are caused to settle out by reducing the velocity of the effluent gas. The effluent then goes to a precooler tower which is an adiabatic humidifier, where the temperature is reduced to the neighborhood of 1200.degree. F. by injecting an air-driven water atomizer spray. The effluent then goes to an oxidation tower where the combustibles are oxidized, at lower than flame temperature, by injecting air and recycled gas. The effluent then goes to a conditioning tower which is a second adiabatic humidifier to further cool the gases to the neighborhood of 450.degree. F.

Abstract: Stack gas is first passed through a coarse-particle separator and then a prescrubbing tower. Then this gas, which is under pressure, is passed through a pair of differential-pressure (annular-gap) washers. The output side of one of the washers is connected directly to a droplet separator at the output of the system. The outlet of the other washer is connected through a turbine driving an electric generator and having its output side in turn connected to the droplet separator. The control body of at least the washer which is connected directly to the droplet separator is adjustable so as to maintain a constant backpressure in the system at the blast furnace from which the stack gas comes. The washer connected to the turbine is set up to pass at least four times as much of the gas as the other washers so that most of the gas passes through the turbine, undergoing a pressure drop that is transformed into the work of driving the turbine and generates electricity.

Abstract: A nonferrous metal is heated so as to produce a hot gas that is passed through an evaporative-cooler and, without saturation of the gas, is introduced into a dry-process filter where particulate material is removed. Thereafter this gas is fed to a scrubbing tower whose scrubbing liquid removes gaseous, liquid, and any remaining particulate material from the gas and exits from the tower as a scrubbing liquor. This liquor is clarified and the decantate is recirculated for use as the scrubbing liquid while the sludge is neutralized and sent back to the evaporative cooler. The neutralized sludge is flash evaporated in the evaporative cooler so as to form crystals that are removed from the system either in this cooler or at the dry filter downstream therefrom. A particle filter may be provided between the neutralizer and the evaporative cooler to remove any hard particulate material from the neutralized sludge.

Abstract: A purifier for handling the high temperature effluent from a blister copper furnace, which includes solid particles in the range from 600 microns, or greater, down to a few microns, which contains oxidizable material, and which is at a high temperature, in the range of 2100.degree. to 2400.degree. F. The effluent from the blister furnace goes first to a settling chamber where the very large particles are caused to settle out by reducing the velocity of the effluent gas. The effluent then goes to a precooler tower which is an adiabatic humidifier, where the temperature is reduced to the neighborhood of 1200.degree. F. by injecting an air-driven water atomizer spray. The effluent then goes to an oxidation tower where the combustibles are oxidized, at lower than flame temperature, by injecting air and recycled gas. The effluent then goes to a conditioning tower which is a second adiabatic humidifier to further cool the gases to the neighborhood of 450.degree. F.

Abstract: Stack gas is first passed through a coarse-particle separator and then a prescrubbing tower. Then this gas, which is under pressure, is passed through a pair of Venturi washers. The output side of one of the washers is connected directly to a droplet separator at the output of the system. The outlet of the other Venturi washer is connected through a turbine driving an electric generator and having its output side in turn connected to the droplet separator. The control body of at least the washer which is connected directly to the droplet separator is adjustable so as to maintain a constant back pressure in the system at the blast furnace from which the stack gas comes. The Venturi washer connected to the turbine is set up to pass at least four times as much of the gas as the other Venturi washers so that most of the gas passes through the turbine, undergoing a pressure drop that is transformed into the work of driving the turbine and generates electricity.

Abstract: An exhaust duct for use with a direct evacuation exhaust decontamination system of a blast furnace or steel converter. The exhaust duct includes a main support coolant inlet conduit and a plurality of coolant return conduits arranged in a generally circular pattern to define an exhaust duct having a circular cross section for the evacuation of exhaust gases from a furnace. The inlet conduit and the return cooling conduits are connected to a distribution manifold on one end so that all of the coolant enters the exhaust duct through the main coolant supply conduit and is returned and discharged through the smaller cooling conduits which thereby serve to maintain the exhaust duct at a relatively low temperature to prevent oxidation or destruction of the duct walls by the exhaust gases. The discharged coolant may be directed into the exhaust gases at the end of the exhaust duct for use in a "wet" exhaust cleansing system or collected in a trough or manifold when used with a "dry" exhaust cleansing system.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing protective reducer gas, for use in plant having main and auxiliary burners for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, and designed either for heating purposes or for ore reduction processes. The apparatus includes a common cooling chamber into which the hot waste gases from the main and/or auxiliary burners can be fed selectively, the auxiliary burner being located immediately above the chamber with a combustion pipe extending downwards into the cooling chamber. Cooling water is injected directly into the upper part of the cooling chamber and withdrawn from the lower end. The waste gases from the main burner are admitted through a pipe terminating between the levels of two outlets in a side wall of the cooling chamber, the lower one having a valve closure, to control the level of the cooling water and so form a water seal for the waste gas inlet. The protective gas outlet is in the upper part of the cooling chamber.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and apparatus for conditioning the gases discharged from a cupola. The apparatus consists of three flow connected vessels comprising first the cupola with improved gas conditioning means therein, secondly, a water spray tower and thirdly, a baghouse dust collector. The improved gas conditioning method and apparatus comprises a movably mounted conduit and nozzle for spraying cooling water through the cupola charge door during the burn-down period of cupola operation when the bed gas is not used to pre-heat the new charges in the cupola. The cooling water is used instead of large quantities of dilution air to temper the discharge gas at this point. Therefore, by the improved method, during burn-down the temperature of the discharged gas can be maintained at slightly above the normal cupola operational temperature without requiring discharge ducts and dust collection capacity for the additional dilution air.