Abstract: A shock absorber includes a cylindrically-shaped mounting member having an outer peripheral surface bonded at one end or both ends, the mounting member having an outer diameter at an end surface side smaller than an outer diameter at a center portion, and a reinforcement welding performed at the end surface side of the mounting member at a bonding portion of the mounting member.

Abstract: An earth working apparatus includes a working implement having a first end and a second end. The earth working apparatus also includes a first support supporting the working implement, where the first support also has a first end and a second end. The earth working apparatus further includes a first arm connecting the first end of the working implement to the first end of the first support, and a second arm connecting the second end of the working implement to the second end of the first support. A second support is pivotally coupled with the first support by a torsion coupler. The first arm and the second arm can be pivotally coupled with the first support by a torsion coupler. The second support can be connected to a third support and configured to articulate with respect to the third support between a generally horizontal working orientation and a transport orientation.

Abstract: A suspension device for suspension of an axle by an intermediate portion of a single leaf spring has first restriction device which restricts, upon breakage of the leaf spring at a position behind the intermediate portion of the spring, the rear portion of the leaf spring from tilting downwardly relative to a shackle, and a second restriction device for restriction of the shackle from pivotally moving backward beyond a predetermined angle. The first restriction device is constituted by a stopper plate on the shackle for support of the rear portion of the leaf spring from below upon breakage.

Abstract: This invention provides an improvement in a control stick (e.g., joystick, side-stick, etc.) (20) adapted to control the movement of an object (e.g., an airfoil surface). The improvement includes: a support (21); an intermediately-pivoted upper member (23) mounted on the support, the upper member having an upper portion (24), and lower portion (25); an intermediate member (26) having an upper portion pivotally connected to the upper member lower portion, and having a lower portion; and a lower member (29) having a lower portion pivotally mounted on the support, and having an upper portion; and wherein the intermediate member lower portion is movably mounted on the lower member upper portion such that pivotal movement of the upper member upper portion relative to the support will produce pivotal movement of the intermediate and lower members relative to the support; and a resilient member (31) arranged to bias the direction of relative movement between the intermediate and lower members.

Abstract: A bush (20) includes a base material (45) that is disposed at a vehicle body (12), an inter ring (48) that is integrally disposed at the base material (45), and a surface layer (51) that is disposed inside the inter ring (48). The inter ring (48) is arranged along an opening (47) in such a manner as to surround the opening (47). The surface layer (51) includes an insertion hole (52) and is integrally formed from a self-adhesive elastic material into a thin wall shape. A stabilized rod (14) is inserted into the insertion hole (52).

Abstract: A rotational and axial control spring includes a tubular casing, a shaft, and a plurality of elongated elastomeric members. The casing comprises a first end, a second end, and a plurality of interior surfaces extending therebetween defining a casing interior. The first end is smaller than the second end, forming a frustum shaped tubular casing. The cross sectional shape of the casing can include three (3) or more sides. The shaft is fabricated having a series of exterior surfaces, wherein a cross sectional shape of the shaft is similar to the cross sectional shape of the casing. The elastomeric members are formed as cylindrical frustums. The shaft is inserted within the casing interior. Each elastomeric member is positioned contacting a respective shaft exterior surface and a pair of adjacent casing interior surfaces. The elastomeric members each provide a rotational spring with adjustable resistant force and dampening functions. The tapered features provide an axial retention function.

Abstract: A torque rod having an arm portion, a ring portion formed on each end of the arm portion in a longitudinal direction of the arm portion, and a rubber bushing that is integrally provided with the ring portion. The arm portion is formed from a material that is lower in specific gravity than iron. A weight is provided in a portion of the rubber bushing other than a principal spring portion. The principal spring portion, which absorbs principal vibration to be isolated, is formed by an elastic arm portion that extends radially outwardly from an inner cylinder located substantially in a center of the rubber bushing and is connected to the ring portion. An aperture, which is a separation space, is provided between the elastic arm portion and the ring portion.

Abstract: A stabilizer bar or stabilizer link in fiber composite construction is of a monolithic construction without fiber interruption. The cross section geometry, the wall thickness, and the fiber orientation vary in axial direction and radial direction such that the requirements defined by the available construction space and the expected loads are fulfilled. The fiber orientation is adjusted axially and radially load-appropriately. The middle section of the stabilizer bar that is primarily torsion-loaded is reinforced with fibers oriented between +/?35° and +/?55° relative to the longitudinal axis and the end members that are primarily bending-loaded are reinforced with fibers oriented between +/?20° and +/?40° relative to the longitudinal axis. In the transitional areas between the middle section and the end members there are transitions between these fiber orientations relatively to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A stabilizer coupling for use in a roll stabilizer for a motor vehicle has at least one actuator, with the actuator being formed by an outer profile element and an inner profile element. An elastically deformable body is arranged between the outer profile element and the inner profile element. The outer profile element is formed as a hollow profile component, in particular a hollow profile component constructed as an extruded profile and made from a light metal alloy.

Abstract: An SEA architecture for controlling the torque applied by an SEA that has particular application for controlling the position of a robot link. The SEA architecture includes a motor coupled to one end of an elastic spring and a load coupled to an opposite end of the elastic spring, where the motor drives the load through the spring. The orientation of the shaft of the motor and the load are measured by position sensors. Position signals from the position sensors are sent to an embedded processor that determines the orientation of the load relative to the motor shaft to determine the torque on the spring. The embedded processor receives reference torque signals from a remote controller, and the embedded processor operates a high-speed servo loop about the desired joint torque. The remote controller determines the desired joint torque based on higher order objectives by their impedance or positioning objectives.

Abstract: The invention relates to an elastomer metal element for an elastomer metal bearing, particularly as a bearing connection between a dome module and a vehicle, with an inner cylindrical metal part (2) for connection to a first structural element which is to be supported, with two outer sheet metal shell parts (4, 5; 4?, 5?) lying opposite each other and partly overlapping the inner cylindrical metal part, and with elastomer bodies (6, 7, 8, 9) adhering between the inner metal part (2) and the sheet metal shell parts (4, 5; 4?, 5?), wherein the elastomer metal element (1), with the application of a radial tensioning in the elastomer bodies (6, 7, 8, 9), can be pressed into an accommodating eye (19) at a second structural element which is to be supported.

Abstract: An elastomer bush bearing, wherein the bearing body (2) is encapsulated through axial flanges (4, 4?) of the outer bearing sleeve (3), with the bush bearing having an elastomer bearing body (2) with a special profile in the axial direction. The bearing body (2) is employed in constructing the bush bearing of the invention, which is capable of supporting high radial loads even with low radial stiffness and without adversely affecting its stability and service life. The two axial end faces (5, 5?) of the bearing body (1) each have undulated contours which extend in the circumferential direction (u) in the same direction, both with respect to one another and also over the entire region of the material thickness (d) of the bearing body (2).

Abstract: An elastomeric bush bearing is designed as a slotted bush. To reach a high ratio of static radial stiffness to torsion spring rate along with a high axial stiffness at the same time, a beading is formed at least at one axial end but preferably at both axial ends of the slotted bush. In case of an especially advantageous embodiment, a slotted bush with additional intermediate parts inserted into the elastomeric bearing body, two encapsulated rubber packets are created by the simultaneous special geometric design of the inner part. The individual stiffnesses of the two rubber packets are thus compensated and thus there is a homogeneous increase in the overall stiffness of the bush. The beadings are prepared before the components of the bearing are assembled and vulcanized to the parts of the later outer sleeve.

Abstract: A coupling for resilient interconnection of two objects, especially a wheel axle housing and a chassis of a vehicle. The coupling comprises an elongated supporting piece (50), which extends in a longitudinal direction and two end attachment portions (52, 54) and a central portion (56). The coupling also comprises an elastic element (60), which is arranged around the central portion (56) and has an approximately cylindrical outer surface (64) and two end surfaces (68, 70). The coupling further comprises a first and a second abutment member (82, 84), where the first abutment member (82) has a bottom (90) and a tubular portion (86), which is fixed to the bottom (90) and has an open portion and a cylindrical inner surface (98). The bottom has a trough-going hole (106) through which one end attachment portion (52) can extend. The second abutment member (84) has a hole (108) through which the second end attachment portion (54) can extend.

Abstract: A vehicle having a suspension assembly including a first torsion member connectable to a frame along a first axis and a second torsion member operatively coupled to the first torsion member along a second axis. A plurality of wheel arms are coupled to the second torsion member, which, in turn, are each coupled to a wheel shaft. This type of vehicle has enhanced suspension.

Abstract: A wheel bracket mechanism for an electric wheelchair equipped with auxiliary wheels, which comprises a frame, a pair of drive wheel brackets, four pedestal assemblies, a pair of caster brackets, a pair of oscillating assembly and a pair of anti-tipping brackets. The frame is provide with a pair of castor brackets at the front end and a pair of anti-tipping brackets at the rear end thereof, a pair of drive wheel brackets are secured to the frame with a front end stretching ahead of it and located between the castor brackets and the anti-tipping brackets, and between the castor brackets and the drive wheel bracket disposed an oscillating assemblies, four pedestal assemblies equipped with cushioning blocks are disposed at both sides of the front and rear end of the frame respectively in pairs with located opposite to each other.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a rubber mount for supporting a profile rod, and more particularly to a rubber mount for supporting a stabilizer of an automobile. It is the object of the invention to provide a mount of the aforedescribed type that can be installed on the profile rod easily, with only a few operating steps, preferably already at the manufacturer's site, and that has an simple and cost-effective construction. The proposed rubber mount includes an elastomer mounting body with an axially continuous slot which enables the mounting body to be pushed radially onto the profile rod for installation thereon. After installation, the mounting body can be secured with a clamping means (bracket), which according to the invention is formed on the mounting body itself. Stated differently, the bracket and mounting body are formed as a single piece, and the bracket is an integral component of the elastomer mounting body.

Abstract: The bond strength between a pre-cured elastomeric member and a metal surface is increased by applying a phosphate coating to the metal surface. This is particularly suitable for use in formation of torsional vibration dampeners wherein an elastomeric member is compression fitted between an outer annular ring and a hub thereby decreasing slippage between the annular weigh and the hub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a suspension assembly for a carriage. The suspension assembly, in one embodiment, includes a first torsion member connectable to a carriage frame along a first axis and a second torsion member operatively coupled to the first torsion member along a second axis. A plurality of wheel arms coupled to the second torsion member, which, in turn, are each coupled to wheel spindle. This type of suspension assembly provides carriages with enhanced suspension and reduces damage to carriages during operation.

Abstract: A variable rate bushing passively controls the stiffness of a stabilizer bar. During normal vehicle operation, the stabilizer bar is compliant. As twist increase, the resistance increases. In one embodiment, the variable rate bushing includes at least one void which compresses as the vehicle turns. As the stabilizer bar axially twists, the void compresses and the rate of the bushing increases, reducing axial twist and increasing stiffness of the stabilizer bar. In one embodiment, the voids are teardrop shaped, arc shaped, or bone shaped. Alternatively, the bushing includes an inner layer of softer material and an outer layer of harder material to control stabilizer bar stiffness. Also, the bushing may include a molded insert made of a hard material inserted into a softer material to control the stiffness of the stabilizer bar.

Abstract: A multi-stage torsion axle that has a first stage torsion assembly positioned within a second stage torsion assembly. The first stage torsion assembly has a square first stage shaft within a first elastomeric bushing. The second stage torsion assembly has a square tubular second stage shaft within a second elastomeric bushing, the second stage shaft fitting around the first stage torsion assembly. A hollow square tubular housing fits around the second stage assembly. The resilience of the first stage torsion assembly is less than the resilience of the second stage torsion assembly. A stop mechanism directly transfers torque from the first stage shaft to the second stage shaft when the first stage has rotated more than a predetermined amount relative to the second stage shaft.

Abstract: A rubber bearing, preferably a simple rubber bearing, is provided with an essentially cylindrical inner part (1), a tubular outer sleeve (2) coaxially surrounding the inner part (1), as well as a pressure body, which is an elastomer (3). The elastomer (3) is arranged between the inner part (1) and the outer sleeve (2) and is connected to same by vulcanization. Two free grooves (4, 4′) extend, beginning from the axial ends of the bearing, into the interior of the bearing in the axial direction over a complete circle around the bearing axis (5). The axial distance of the free grooves (4, 4′) from the bearing axis (5) and/or whose width continuously changes cyclically, wherein there is a phase shift between the two free grooves (4, 4′) in terms of their course, which is determined by the change in the radial distance from the bearing axis (5) and/or the width and which course preferably follows the same cycle.

Abstract: A bearing assembly permits limited rotational movement of component parts and includes a bearing body and a deflectable rotational body attached to the component part. The rotational body is disposed at a distance from the bearing body so that the bodies conjointly define a space therebetween. An intermediate element is disposed in this space and is connected to the bearing body and the rotational body. The intermediate element includes an axial component and a radial component and these components extend one into the other to form a layer so as to prevent a direct contact of the bodies with each other even under a dynamic loading of the bearing assembly while at the same time facilitating a limited rotational movement of the rotational body and the component part relative to the bearing body.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns an elastic articulation designed to be linked to a vehicle body suspension arm and capable of operating in torsion and of carrying a substantial part of the body weight, comprising an inner reinforcement 8, an outer reinforcement 9 enclosing the inner reinforcement, and an elastomeric sleeve 7, arranged between the inner and outer reinforcements and whereof the inner and outer peripheral surfaces are linked without any possibility of sliding to said inner and outer reinforcements. The disclosure is further characterized in that the outer reinforcement 9 is configured so as to be able to be fixed directly to the body of a vehicle, without any intermediate rigid support part.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns an elastic articulation designed to operate in torsion and comprising an elastomeric sleeve (7) whereof the inner and outer peripheral surfaces are linked without any possibility of sliding respectively to inner (8) and outer (9) reinforcements, and which is configured such that the articulation should have a minimal radial rigidity along a first reference axis Z′ of a system with three reference axes X′, Y, Z′ whereof the second reference axis Y merges with the axis of the elastic articulation (5), at least one of the two end surfaces (7a) and (7b) of the sleeve (7) has a profile which continuously moves in the circumferential direction of the sleeve between at least a minimum and at least a maximum, the minimum or minima and the maximum or maximums of the profile in the inner peripheral zone of the end surface being offset by a predefined angle respectively relative to the minimum or minima or to the maximum or maximums of the profile in the outer peripheral zone of

Abstract: A shock absorber for mounting between a first frame member and a second frame member of a bicycle includes a first member adapted to couple to the first frame member and a second member adapted to couple to the second frame member, wherein the first member and the second member rotate relative to each other. The first member includes a first member protrusion extending inwardly from an inner surface thereof and forming a first border surface at a junction of the first member protrusion and the inner surface. Similarly, the second member includes a second protrusion extending outwardly from an outer surface thereof and forming a second border surface at a junction of the second member protrusion and the outer surface. The first member protrusion faces the second member protrusion in a circumferential direction. An elastic member is disposed between the first member protrusion and the second member protrusion and contacts at least one of the first border surface and the second border surface.

Abstract: There is provided a difference in dynamic characteristics between one and the other of vibration isolating rubber members which are provided as a pair on left and right sides of an automotive vehicle. This causes a difference &dgr; in phase between vibrations transmitted via the left and right vibration isolating rubber members, and vibrations from the left and right vibration isolating rubber members cancel each other, whereby the vibration of the body of the automotive vehicle can be reduced.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing the mechanical operating characteristics of an elastomeric flexible joint which acts as a spring in a vehicle suspension device by subjecting the joint, before it is put into service, to a deformation corresponding substantially to the maximum deformation intended in service.

Abstract: An element forming a suspension joint and torsion spring, characterized in that it comprises an outer tubular sub-frame, an inner tubular sub-frame and an intermediate connecting sleeve made from an elastomer material which is joined without any possible slippage of the outer and inner sub-frames; said elastomer sleeve comprises at least two cell structures extending along the circumference thereof, whereby the radial rigidity of the joint is reduced in a significant manner in at least a number of directions without significantly reducing the torsional rigidity thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a difference in dynamic characteristics between one and the other of vibration isolating rubber members which are provided as a pair on left and right sides of an automotive vehicle. This causes a difference &dgr; in phase between vibrations transmitted via the left and right vibration isolating rubber members , and vibrations from the left and right vibration isolating rubber members cancel each other, whereby the vibration of the body of the automotive vehicle can be reduced.

Abstract: An element forming a suspension joint and torsion spring, characterized in that it comprises an outer tubular sub-frame, an inner tubular sub-frame and an intermediate connecting sleeve made from an elastomer material which is joined without any possible slippage of the outer and inner sub-frames; said elastomer sleeve comprises at least two cell structures extending along the circumference thereof, whereby the radial rigidity of the joint is reduced in a significant manner in at least a number of directions without significantly reducing the torsional rigidity thereof.

Abstract: A torsion spring for connecting a first member and a second member that are aligned along a longitudinal axis and that rotate about that axis together. The torsion spring includes a first molded plastic end that mates with the first member, a second molded plastic end that mate with the second member, and an elastic member that connects the first and second molded plastic ends together. The elastic member is for providing a force that biases the second member relative to the first member. The elastic member can be made of molded plastic arms or an elastic compound such as rubber.

Abstract: A wheelchair suspension system includes suspension members that interact to cause a positive movement of the suspension members to urge the drive wheels into contact with the ground. The resilient suspension system comprises a drive wheel suspension member for supporting a drive wheel and a front wheel suspension member for supporting a front wheel. The drive wheel suspension member and the front wheel suspension member are each adapted to be movably attached to the wheelchair frame. Each suspension member cooperates with a resilient element to resist movement of the suspension members relative to the frame. The suspension members are adapted to cooperate with each other in response to movement of the suspension members relative to the frame to urge the drive wheel into contact with the ground.

Abstract: A shock absorber for mounting between a first frame member and a second frame member of a bicycle includes a first member adapted to couple to the first frame member and a second member disposed within the first member and adapted to couple to the second frame member. The first and second members rotate relative to each other, and an elastic member is disposed between the first member and the second member so that the elastic member expands and contracts in response to relative rotation of the first member and the second member. A linking mechanism couples the first member with the second member so that the first member and the second member are axially and radially immovable relative to each other.

Abstract: A coupler is provided which responds to relative rotation of a driving and a driven shaft with variable rates of stiffness. As the two shafts experience slight degrees of relative rotation, such as at idle speed, the elastically deformable member of the coupler responds in a relatively soft manner with a slight degree of stiffness. As relative rotation increases because of the transmission of higher torque between the driving and driven shafts, the elastically deformable member responds with a stiffer reaction. The elastically deformable member also reacts in a similar manner with differing rates of stiffness to misalignment of the driving and driven shafts.

Abstract: A wheelchair suspension system has a resilient front suspension members and resilient drive wheel suspension members. The resilient front suspension members are attached to the front end of the wheelchair base frame assembly. The resilient drive wheel suspension members are attached to opposite sides of the base frame assembly in a spaced apart relation relative to the resilient front suspension members. Each one of the resilient front suspension members supports a front wheel and each one of the resilient drive wheel suspension members supports a drive wheel.

Abstract: An automobile includes a plastic body and a steel frame bonded to the plastic body. The front suspension system of the automobile includes a "v"-shaped control arm coupled to a front wheel. An arm shaft extends between the "v" of the control arm and is engaged with a rubber cartridge press-fit into a cartridge housing that is affixed to the frame. Thereby, motion of the control arm is attenuated. A horizontally-mounted transversely-oriented shock absorber further interconnects the control arm and frame. This shock absorber orientation avoids transferring suspension system loads to the plastic body.

Abstract: An automobile includes a plastic body and a steel frame bonded to the plastic body. The front suspension system of the automobile includes a "v"-shaped control arm coupled to a front wheel. An arm shaft extends between the "v" of the control arm and is engaged with a rubber cartridge press-fit into a cartridge housing that is affixed to the frame. Thereby, motion of the control arm is attenuated. Alternatively, the arm shaft extends rearwardly away from the control arm. A horizontally-mounted transversely-oriented shock absorber further interconnects the control arm and frame. This shock absorber orientation avoids transferring suspension system loads to the plastic body.

Abstract: An adjustable elastomer bias device includes a base member (metal or rigid plastic) having plural receptacles for receiving one end of each of a like plurality of bendable, resilient, elastomer rods. An index member is included in the device; the index member has plural rod guide passages and each elastomer rod passes through one guide passage so that the index member can slide longitudinally along the rods, toward and away from the base member. The index member is anchored at one of several displacement distances from the base member to change the effective stiffness (bias) of the rods. The index member may be rotated for torsional bias or moved laterally for linear bias to effect a further bias adjustment; a retainer holds the additional bias adjustment. The bias force of the device results from bending of the elastomer rods.

Abstract: A suspension attachment apparatus is described suitable for use in a motor vehicle having an elongate suspension member interposed and connecting a sprung mass to an unsprung mass. The apparatus includes an isolator and a mechanism for fastening the suspension member to the sprung mass. The mechanism ensures proper orientation of the suspension member during the assembly process. Additionally, the mechanism simultaneously prevents rotation of the suspension member along its longitudinal axis relative to the isolator and prevents rotation of the isolator relative the sprung mass while isolating the sprung mass from vibrations of the unsprung mass.

Abstract: An energy absorbing motor vehicle barrier includes a collapsible energy absorption assembly which is stored in a vault in the ground. Upon deployment, the energy absorption apparatus is lifted out of its vault, where it thereby expands and deploys. The energy absorption apparatus includes four stages of pairs of elastomeric torsion springs configured into scissors arrangements, with each stage having a progressively higher effective spring rate, to thereby decelerate a vehicle which strikes the apparatus.

Abstract: A bicycle front wheel control mechanism made up of a suspension system and a brake system. The suspension system has an eccentric retainer having an axle and two L-shaped members, and a shaft portion is carried by a housing through an elastic body at a perpendicularly upper part of the axle. The suspension system is so designed that it can rock relative to the front wheel around an axis of the shaft portion with an axial distance between the shaft portion and the axle as its radius, and the brake system is so designed that a side surface of a rim is made wide in a radial direction.

Abstract: An adjustable elastomer torsion device includes a base member aligned in partially nested relation with a resilient elastomer (e.g. rubber or urethane resin) torsion member; parts of the base member and the torsion member overlap each other and an extension portion of the torsion member projects beyond the base member. The base member and the torsion member are interlocked, where they overlap each other, to prevent relative twisting between them, but the interlock does not interfere with twisting of the torsion member extension. An adjustment mechanism provides for adjustment of the positions of the base and torsion members relative to each other to vary the length of the extension portion of the torsion member over a given displacement length and thereby adjust the elastomeric, resilient torsional restoration force (torsional resistance) of the device within a predetermined force range.

Abstract: A rear suspension for a vehicle includes a sub-frame having projections to a rear and on both ends of the sub-frame, coupling portions are formed on front and rear sides of the projections for connecting the sub-frame to a car body. Front and rear lower links are transversely arranged with respect to the car body and each include a car body side coupling portion coupled to outer end of the sub-frame and a wheel side coupling portion coupled to a knuckle arm rotatably supporting a wheel with respect to the car body. A connecting arm projects upwardly from and has an inner side lower end coupled to the car body and an outer side lower end coupled to the knuckle arm. An upper arm is coupled to an upper end of the connecting arm and cooperates therewith for enabling the wheel to move up and down with respect to the car body.

Abstract: A pivoting bearing for mounting pull rods in motor vehicles, which includes a metallic housing (2) with a cylindrical inner jacket, a metallic inner part (1), and an elastomer body (3) arranged between the housing (2) and the inner part (1). The elastomer body (3) compensates axial, radial, and cardanic movements of the housing (2) in relation to the inner part (1) by molecular deformation. The elastomer body (3), which cooperates with the cylindrical inner jacket of the housing radially in the outward direction, is arranged adheringly on the inner part (1) and is pre-tensioned axially between plate rings (4, 5). The external diameter of the plate rings (4 and 5) is undersized compared with the internal diameter of the inner jacket of the housing. A sliding surface is obtained on the cylindrical outer jacket of the elastomer body under the axial pre-tensioning of this. This sliding surface permits rotary movement of the inner part (1) in the housing (2).

Abstract: A variable rate elastomeric torsion spring 30 includes a generally cylindrical elastomeric member 36 having an outer shell 34 bonded thereto on the outside and a plurality of adjacent, axially aligned inner sleeves 36, 38 bonded thereto on the inside. A variable spring rate is obtained by the spring by selectively engaging different combinations of the inner sleeves.

Abstract: A suspension system for compensating road-borne loads applied selectively to one end of a vehicle wheeled axle. The suspension system includes a pair of elongated rigid tubes, extending longitudinally over opposite sides of the wheel axle, and supported thereover by corresponding upright posts anchored to the intermediate section of the wheel axle. Each post and associated tube have a number of lateral interdigitating hollow ears, wherein the tube and post are pivotally interconnected by a lengthwise rubber shaft. A bottom frame beam from the vehicle body extends laterally outwardly of each corresponding tube, and includes a plurality of ears interdigitating with additional ears from the proximate tube for through engagement by another rubber shaft, for pivotally interconnecting the beam to the tube. In normal condition, each beam ear rubber shaft is downwardly offset relative to the post ear rubber shaft.

Abstract: A suspension system for a vehicle having a torsion spring interconnecting the wheels and axle to spaced portions of the frame via suspension arms wherein each suspension arm has one end secured to one element of the torsion spring and its other end connected to one end portion of a torsion type shackle. The other end of the shackle has its outer shell connected to the vehicle frame via replaceable shims that adjust the height of the vehicle frame relative to the axle and the ground.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a spring joint having two holding bodies. The spring joint is fixedly attached to a base at one of the holding bodies. The second holding body is provided for the attachment of a component which is intended to undergo a pivot movement relative to the base during operation. A spring element acts as a connecting body between the two holding bodies. A stop is mounted on the spring joint so that the spring joint can be used again after impact loads or intermittent vibration. This stop includes at least one stop body which limits the movement range of the spring body in the spring joint for radial and axial load to the elastic range.

Abstract: A torsional spring 10 includes an outer cylinder 12 connected to a central hub 14 through a series of elastomeric spokes 16-30. The elastomeric spokes 16-30 extend from the inner periphery of the cylinder 12 to the hub 14 substantially along a line tangential to the central hub 14. Further, each of the elastomeric spokes 16-30 includes first and second radial segments wherein the first radial segment is adjacent the hub 14 and has an elastic modulus that is lower than the second radial segment.