Abstract: An information encoding method encodes information on a recording medium in accordance with for a new standard. When decoded by a reproducing device adapted for coping with the encoding method for a old standard, the user is appraised of the fact that part of the recorded signals cannot be reproduced by a reproducing device adapted for coping only with the encoding method for the old standard. For encoding the information in accordance with the encoding method for the new standard, the user message information is encoded simultaneously. The user message information has been encoded in accordance with the encoding method for the old standard, which can be reproduced by the reproducing device adapted for coping with the encoding method for the old standard.

Abstract: A semiconductor-supporting device comprising a substrate made of an aluminum nitride-based ceramic material and having a semiconductor-placing surface, wherein an orientation degree of the aluminum nitride-based ceramic material specified by the following formula is not less than 1.1 and not more than 2.0.Orientation degree=[I'(002)/I'(100)]/[I(002)/I(100)]in which in an X-ray diffraction measurement, I'(002) is a diffraction intensity of a (002) face of the aluminum nitride-based ceramic material when X-rays are irradiated from the semiconductor-placing surface, I'(100) is a diffraction intensity of a (100) face of the aluminum nitride-based ceramic material when X-rays are irradiated from the semiconductor-placing surface, I(002) is a diffraction intensity of the (002) face of the aluminum nitride ceramic according to a JCPDS Card No. 25-1133, and I(100) is a diffraction intensity of the (100) face of the aluminum nitride ceramic according to a JCPDS Card No. 25-1133.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding substrate includes a base housing. A plurality of pins are set on the top surface of the base housing. Further, the top surface has a plurality of openings through the top surface. The base housing has a first opening set on the bottom portion of one side of the base housing. Lift means is set in the base housing. A support member having an oblique surface structure is provided in the cylindrical housing and can upwardly pass through an opening formed on top of the cylindrical housing. A plate having a plurality of pins formed thereon is connected to the top of the support member. A substrate holder can be separated from the base housing, and the substrate holder includes a plate. A glass substrate is fixed on the plate by means of a plurality of fixers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for a flexible support system using elongated support members to support a face of a workpiece. The flexible support members are arranged through at least one plane of perforated material, where the elongated support members are raised to the maximum designed position, the shafts of the elongated support members are subjected to a resistive force, the position of the elongated support members are adjusted by the contacting forces applied by bringing the workpiece and the flexible support assembly together, then applying a locking force to secure the elongated support members where the elongated support members can sustain the loads applied during the operation onto the workpiece. Additionally, methods are disclosed which allow the elongated support members to optionally drop upon reaching a designed position.

Abstract: A universal fixture for holding printed circuit board assemblies during stencil printing, pick-and-place processing, and other PCB assembly processes. In one embodiment, a universal printed circuit board holder has a base and a plurality of support members movably attached to the base. The support members may project away from the base along support paths, and the support members are selectively positionable along the support paths when the support members engage a side of a printed circuit board assembly. Accordingly, the support members may be selectively positioned at heights corresponding to a topography of the side of the printed circuit board assembly to uniformly support the printed circuit board assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a substrate such as a printed circuit board (PCB) having various electronic components installed on one side with that side down so that other components can be installed on the opposite side. An assembly of three perforated plates has deformable, typically rubber-like, pins projecting through the perforations. Springs below the assembly bias the pins to a position extending above the plate. When a PCB is laid on the pins with mounted electronic components downward, the components with pres the pins down distances corresponding to component thickness. The pins provide uniform support while working on the opposite side. The center perforated plate of the three is moved to the side, clamping the pins in position, so that the PCB can be removed and replaced with another identical PCB. Different devices for causing the plate clamping action and devices for indexing PCB position and for maintaining the PCB flat and level are also provided.

Abstract: A method of shaping printed circuit boards comprises the steps of providing a base plate, installing a board shaped element including the parts to be shaped on an upper surface of the base plate, fixing the base plate and board shaped element on a table of a machine tool with a lower surface of the base plate in contact with the table, drilling a hole through the board shaped element within the contour of each part to be shaped, the hole extending substantially as far as the lower surface, installing a pin in the hole, carrying out the shaping of the parts, and, machining the pin to partially or completely remove the pin.

Abstract: A hand held tool for locating a tack strip proximate a wall includes a metal plate shaped to provide a head having an extending handle for manually gripping the tool. The head has a narrow edge surface which is slotted and sharpened for receiving and holding a tack strip in transverse relation to the head. The head has a spacing gage adjustably mounted thereon which projects frontally for abuttment with the wall. One embodiment of the spacing gage has a projecting end shaped to serve as an awl for locating and starting anchor nails in the tack strip.

Abstract: A device for holding a door upright for painting comprises a bracket that attaches the device to the electrical junction box in a ceiling, a telescoping rigid section held by the bracket, and a pin at the end of the rigid section that engages the top edge of the door. The telescoping rigid section adjusts to different door sizes and different ceiling heights. It also moves to a retracted position from an extended position, so that the door can be easily positioned and removed. In the vertical position, only slight force is needed to hold the door there, force provided in part by the attachment of the device to the junction box. Use of the junction box obviates the need for more elaborate support systems.

Abstract: Detrimental buildup of tramp photoresist material upon the positioning pads of a stage plate for wafer printing machines is prevented by providing an arcuate point contact surface upon the positioning pads. The wafer is supported a predetermined focal length from the photoresist light curing source by said point contact support. The arcuate surfaces do not tend to collect deposits of adherent tramp photoresist material. The arcuate positioning surfaces are formed from a smooth, hard material. Preferably, the arcuate surface is provided by a hard ball bearing recessed into the surface of the pad and is adjusted during set up by a rod applied to the inside surface of the ball bearing which remains after adjustment of the arcuate surface to the proper position and serves as a reinforcement for the arcuate surface. The surfaces of the positioning pads are preferably mechanically cut back to accommodate the arcuate positioning surface in a retrofit installation.

Abstract: A tool for assisting in producing a straight edge on a piece of rough cut raw material, such as lumber or masonite. The tool is held in place on top of the piece by gripping means which grip the piece along two opposite side edges. The tool's straight edge, unobstructed by clamps or other protrusions, is then used as a guide to bank against the saw fence of a table saw, radial arm saw, or circular saw, producing a straight edge on the piece. Using the tool, one can take the flat bow out of a piece and also remove the rough mill edge. The tool can also be used with a hand circular saw, jig saw, or router by running the saw directly along the tool's unobstructed straight edge.

Abstract: A pin for use in apparatus for supporting sheet material such as cloth during operations such as cutting performed thereon comprising a supporting frame, a planar supporting surface on the frame for receiving plies of sheet material placed thereon, the surface having at least one through aperture therein and the surface having an outer portion contacting the material and an oppositely disposed portion, a pin holding and supporting arrangement carried by the frame and facing the oppositely disposed portion of the supporting surface, the holding and supporting surface for receiving a pin and maintaining the disposition of the pin substantially perpendicular to the plane of the surface and the location of the pin in registry with the aperture, a mechanism carried by the frame for moving the holding and supporting arrangement to move the pin through the aperture so that sheet material can be anchored on the pin, the pin comprising an elongated body having a substantially constant cross sectional dimension along s

Abstract: A pin assembly for use in a skull clamp having a cylindrical non-metallic housing and a metallic rigid pin with a conical point fitted in the non-metallic housing. The non-metallic housing has fingers extending from a cavity in the surface of the housing and are positioned at an angle towards the pin end of the housing to hold the pin assembly in the skull clamp.

Abstract: A clamping assembly with at least two clamping members with inner surfaces facing towards each other and outer surfaces facing away from each other, a bolt passes through holes formed in the clamping members, the bolt including a bolt head and a threaded section, the inner surfaces including means for gripping work surface, such that when the bolt is tightened, work pieces are clamped together.

Abstract: A device for moving a wall frame unit into an erect and plumb position includes a pulling unit mounted on one wall frame unit and a pulled unit mounted on the wall frame unit to be erected. A cable unit connects the pulled unit to the puller unit via a lock handle on the puller unit. Movement of the puller unit handle into a prone position draws the cable unit towards the puller unit. A differential pulley block is included so that one worker can, without assistance, move the second wall frame unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting an inner mold panel of a steel form during the process of setting up the steel-form mold panels to form a wall. The supporting apparatus includes a plurality of supporting members provided on the floor on which the inner steel-form mold panels are placed, and a plurality of jack devices each resting against one of the supporting members and pressing against the inner steel-form mold panel. The supporting member preferably has a rectangular body with a plurality of holding pins which may be embedded in the floor. The supporting member may also have a plurality of protrusions formed thereon with screws passing through a screw bore that is formed in each protrusion thereof. With the supporting apparatus of the invention, the inner steel-form mold panels will not be deformed during the process of pouring the concrete.

Abstract: A utility pole repairing apparatus having a first and second rigid elongated member with an adjusting mechanism attached therebetween for selectively adjusting the distance between the first and second rigid elongated members. A holding structure is operatively attached to the first and second members for selectively holding the first and second members up against a utility pole in such a way that it can be so positioned by one person. Third and fourth rigid, elongated members also are provided and have a second adjusting mechanism attached therebetween for selectively adjusting the distance between the third and fourth rigid, elongated members.

Abstract: A specially designed holding device for holding a fuel pump push rod in place during the installation of a fuel pump on an internal combustion engine is threaded into an existing threaded bore which intersects the passage containing the push rod. The holding device comprises an elongated threaded member of relatively soft metallic material compared to that of the block, e.g. aluminum, and having safety means for preventing damage to the push rod comprising an undersized forward inner thread portion, i.e. the first 21/2 to 3 threads, which will strip more readily than the threads of the engine block in the bore when over tightened. Alternatively, the safety means comprises a relatively soft metallic inner end portion or tip on the holding device.

Abstract: A device for tightening joints of a wooden type includes a first force transmitting structure and a second force transmitting structure with an assembly for applying force connected therebetween. The force transmitting structure includes a rigid member having a front end portion, a rear end portion and an elongated penetrating portion extending away from the rear end portion. The penetrating portion has a sharpened end and a force applying surface which extends between the sharpened end and the rear end portion. The rear end portion has a striking surface for receiving a hammer blow, a stop surface for limiting the penetration of the penetrating portion into the member, and a lifting surface for applying a lever force to lift the structure from the member. The front end portion has force transmitting surface which couples to the force applying assembly, and an abutment surface for limiting movement of the front end as a result of the force transmittal.

Abstract: A bed for supporting sheet material to be cut or otherwise worked on is made of a densely packed array of relatively short, stiff bristles with pointed upper ends which penetrate the sheet material to inhibit it from moving laterally relative to the bed. Vacuum may be used in the space containing the bristles to aid in holding the sheet material to the bed and to normalize the holding effect of the bristles with respect to different sheet materials. Pressurized air may also be used in the bristle space to aid in removing cut sheet material from the bed and the bristles are shaped to facilitate such removal. Various different cutters are useable with the bed to provide a complete sheet material cutting machine.

Abstract: A log holder for supporting a log in a horizontal orientation by engaging one end of the log, thereby leaving the other end free for cutting. The holder includes a base (12), a frame (20) extending upwardly from the base, upper (24) and lower (22) supports mounted to the frame above the base, and a counterweight support (26). The lower support includes an upwardly facing first contact surface (56). The upper support includes a downwardly facing second contact surface (70, 72, 74) that is horizontally spaced from the first contact surface in a first direction. The lower and upper contact surfaces are vertically positioned with respect to one another such that one end of the log (10) can be supported therebetween in a generally horizontal orientation, with the log extending from the lower support in a direction opposite the first direction. The counterweight support is mounted to the frame above the base and is horizontally spaced from the upper support in the first direction.

Abstract: A workpiece to which traction to be applied is firmly held by a gripping device to which is anchored one end of an impacting hammer having a rectilinear guide with a free end directed away from the workpiece. An impact member of high inertia is slidably disposed on the guide for rapid movement toward an impacting engagement with an abutment carried by the guide adjacent its free end, whereby the resulting tensional forces in the form of a sudden impulse are transmitted through the gripping device to the workpiece for use, for example, in withdrawing the workpiece from a member in which it is firmly anchored or embedded. The gripping arrangement of at least one jaw of the gripping device utilizes a single tooth which is harder than the workpiece to be extracted so that such tooth effectively bites into such workpiece to provide a firmer grip. In another embodiment, each jaw may include a tooth each biting into the workpiece in alignment with each other or in staggered alignment.

Abstract: A wafer is supported on pins within a plasma reactor, allowing the plasma to act on both sides of the wafer. Various processes are disclosed for pins-up and pins-down condition. If conductive pins are used, they are preferably flattened. The wafer is preferably biased negatively with respect to the plasma.

Abstract: A system for insulating the walls of furnaces and other heated structures with ceramic fiber insulation including an improved insulation anchor. The anchor includes a pin which is attached to the furnace wall such as by stud welding with the pin having an elongated aperture at its outer end. A retaining rod extends through the aperture and into the adjacent ceramic fiber modules. The rectangular shaped rod includes an improved means for locking the rod in the aperture which comprises a crimp at about the midpoint of the rod. This provides a narrow section of the rod which permits the rod to be turned in the aperture and locked. The crimp method of forming the narrow section does not remove any metal from the rod and does not weaken the rod.

Abstract: A device for holding a log for sawing comprises a post having fixed thereto a pair of downwardly pointed spikes carried by a plate. A sleeve is slidable on the post and carries four upwardly pointed spikes on a plate and displaced a greater distance from the post 1 than are the spikes fixed to the post. The log is thus held in cantilevered fashion and the weight of the log causes the sleeve to jam in position against the post. The sleeve is provided with a spring to stop is sliding down the post when not in use. The post may be held in a sleeve hammered into the ground or it may be provided with a base so the device is free-standing.

Abstract: A guide body having angularly related support surfaces applied to substantially parallel surfaces of a workpiece, supports a pair of pressure distributing jaw elements connected by pin and slot connectors to a handle operated actuating linkage. A plurality of work engaging pins projecting from the pressure pads associated with the jaw elements resist slidable displacement thereof along the work surface as normal clamping pressure is exerted through the pads. The pads are angularly adjusted to the work surfaces to relieve high concentrations of clamping pressure.

Abstract: A bone transfixion pin quide includes a body having two spaced, transversely-extending end portions, channel members and prongs for affixing the body in relation to an insertion site. The channel members are on the end portions, and define entrance and exit channels for the bone transfixion pin. In use, the body is affixed in relation to the insertion site, with the entrance and exit channels along the desired path of the bone transfixion pin.

Abstract: A foliage guide for holding in alignment several pieces of stem supported foliage for floral processing such as trimming. The guide comprises a wood base formed with a handle. The base supports two sets of spaced posts which serve as an alignment guide for stems which carry foliage which require processing.

Abstract: A method for fitting and stabilizing an artificial limb is disclosed herewith which includes the use of an adjustable prosthetic device to obtain dynamic alignment. After dynamic alignment, the relative orientation of the elements making up the adjustable limb are determined and transferred to the uniquely configured elements for stabilization of the entire limb by welding, brazing, or the like. The invention also includes the unique structure to practice the method.

Abstract: A log cutting aid comprising an inclined skid member, which is preferably a single skid member and cylindrical in shape, having forward and rearward ends, a foot support at its forward end, preferably adapted for sliding engagement with the bottom surface of a log, support means adjacent the rearward end of said skid member to hold said skid member in an inclined position, and winching means attached to said skid near its rearward end for engaging logs and winching the same up onto said skid in a direction from the forward end toward the rearward end. Logs held on the skid may then be conveniently cut with a chain saw or the like.

Abstract: A hand utensil for holding a citrus fruit including a bowl-shaped cover, a plurality of gripping arms within the cover and movably inwardly and outwardly to grip and release the piece of fruit; the arms being displaceable endwise outwardly to release the fruit; there being means to spread the arms apart as they are longitudinally displaced; and a push button movable relative to the cover to displace the arms endwise outwardly.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for aligning flanges (e.g., to facilitate the proper coupling of the flanges). The apparatus is designed for use with flanges having matched patterns of holes therethrough for receiving coupling members (e.g., bolt and nut pairs). The flange alignment apparatus comprises a flange support having a body sized and shaped to extend partially (e.g., half way) around the periphery of a first flange and includes a plurality of pins projecting from the body and disposed in a pattern that matches a portion of the pattern of holes in a flange. The body also includes means for engaging the second flange thereby to support the second flange in proper alignment with the first flange. Preferably, the means that engage the second flange are adjustable thereby permitting adjustment in the orientation of the second flange relative to the flange support, and, thus, relative to the first flange.