Indicator Is Dumped Or Is Projected Into The Air (e.g., Return Fire) Patents (Class 273/384)
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Patent number: 9592431Abstract: An exemplary gaming system, in one implementation, provides active interaction between one or more players and the gaming system. Such an exemplary gaming system includes a receptacle with one or more holes to receive first gaming objects thrown at it. Chambers attached to a rigid member on the receptacle receive and store second gaming objects that are later released into one or more different spatial directions. An intermediate surface operably connected to a mechanical or an electrical triggering mechanism is included in the receptacle. When the first gaming object falls into the receptacle and hits the intermediate surface, the intermediate surface causes activation of the triggering mechanism to directly or indirectly propel the second gaming objects, through the chambers, into one or more different spatial directions. A hand or foot lever allows players to reset the triggering mechanism for the next game.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 2015Date of Patent: March 14, 2017Inventor: Anthony Ali
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Patent number: 9592432Abstract: An exemplary gaming system, in one implementation, provides active interaction between one or more players and the gaming system. Such an exemplary gaming system includes a receptacle with one or more holes to receive first gaming objects thrown at it. Chambers attached to a rigid member on the receptacle receive and store second gaming objects that are later released into one or more different spatial directions. An intermediate surface operably connected to a mechanical or an electrical triggering mechanism is included in the receptacle. When the first gaming object falls into the receptacle and hits the intermediate surface, the intermediate surface causes activation of the triggering mechanism to directly or indirectly propel the second gaming objects, through the chambers, into one or more different spatial directions. A hand or foot lever allows players to reset the triggering mechanism for the next game.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 2015Date of Patent: March 14, 2017Inventor: Anthony Ali
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Patent number: 9314680Abstract: An exemplary gaming system, in one implementation, provides active interaction between one or more players and the gaming system. Such an exemplary gaming system includes a receptacle with one or more holes to receive first gaming objects thrown at it. Chambers attached to a rigid member on the receptacle receive and store second gaming objects that are later released into one or more different spatial directions. An intermediate surface operably connected to a mechanical or an electrical triggering mechanism is included in the receptacle. When the first gaming object falls into the receptacle and hits the intermediate surface, the intermediate surface causes activation of the triggering mechanism to directly or indirectly propel the second gaming objects, through the chambers, into one or more different spatial directions. A hand or foot lever allows players to reset the triggering mechanism for the next game.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 2014Date of Patent: April 19, 2016Inventor: Anthony Ali
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Patent number: 9108094Abstract: A water dumping game apparatus and method for using the same. The apparatus consists of a water bucket type container with target adapted to be filled with water and hinged connected with a base. The base is configured for attachment with a support apparatus such as a ladder or standard having a horizontal member. The force of a projectile striking the target causes the hinge to pivot and tilt the container so as to dump water on a subject dousee positioned adjacent and below the container.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 2014Date of Patent: August 18, 2015Inventor: Philip Craig Cello
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Publication number: 20140265134Abstract: A water dumping game apparatus and method for using the same. The apparatus consists of a water bucket type container with target adapted to be filled with water and hinged connected with a base. The base is configured for attachment with a support apparatus such as a ladder or standard having a horizontal member. The force of a projectile striking the target causes the hinge to pivot and tilt the container so as to dump water on a subject dousee positioned adjacent and below the container.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 14, 2014Publication date: September 18, 2014Inventor: Philip Craig Cello
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Publication number: 20140265133Abstract: A recreational device is disclosed that includes a frame, a seat having a user supporting seat portion adapted to support a user to be displaced from the seat upon activation of a target mechanism, with the seat configured to return to a first position under the effect of gravity after the user is displaced from the seat. Embodiments of the device include a seat support configured to maintain the seat in the first position to release the seat allowing the seat to pivot upon activation of the target mechanism to displace the user from the seat The device also includes a target mechanism connected to the seat support by a force transition system configured to transfer a force applied to the target mechanism to the seat support causing the seat support to release the seat and displace a user from the seat.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 12, 2013Publication date: September 18, 2014Inventors: Andrew J. CARNEY, JR., Jeffery M. GALLAGHER
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Patent number: 8827272Abstract: A recreational device is disclosed that includes a frame, a seat having a user supporting seat portion adapted to support a user to be displaced from the seat upon activation of a target mechanism, with the seat configured to return to a first position under the effect of gravity after the user is displaced from the seat. Embodiments of the device include a seat support configured to maintain the seat in the first position to release the seat allowing the seat to pivot upon activation of the target mechanism to displace the user from the seat The device also includes a target mechanism connected to the seat support by a force transition system configured to transfer a force applied to the target mechanism to the seat support causing the seat support to release the seat and displace a user from the seat.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 2013Date of Patent: September 9, 2014Inventors: Andrew J. Carney, Jr., Jeffery M. Gallagher
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Patent number: 8702104Abstract: An amusement game or attraction for two or more participants features at least one target device arranged to provide an output in response to impact of a target member of said target device by a projectile launched by a first participant, an effect device arranged to be activated by the target device to produce a physical effect on at least one participant, and a blocking device operable by a second participant and comprising a blocking member movable relative to said target by input from the second participant to attempt to block the projectile from impacting the target member. The game or attraction offers an added level of interaction for the second participant compared to previous games where the second participant gas no active role, and just awaits the potential outcome of a target strike by the first participant. The effect device may be a unique electromagnetically controlled bucket dumping device.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 2011Date of Patent: April 22, 2014Inventors: Brian Legary, James Legary
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Patent number: 8336884Abstract: A water dousing target game in which water is dumped upon a player when a target is hit with a projective includes a support stand, a water reservoir, and a drop mechanism having a trip rod and a paddle mechanism with a target. The stand assembly is height-adjustable having a plurality of stabilizing legs. The water reservoir is located at a top end of the support stand. The drop mechanism includes a bottom panel hingedly covering an open bottom of the reservoir having an attached trip rod releasably supported by the paddle mechanism. The paddle mechanism includes an arm rotatably connected to the support stand and the target having a flat enlarged end. When the target is struck with a projectile, the paddle arm rotates and releases the trip rod support, causing the bottom panel of the reservoir to hinge open and drop the contents on another person.Type: GrantFiled: August 3, 2012Date of Patent: December 25, 2012Inventor: Franklin K. Pierce
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Patent number: 8205888Abstract: A target training apparatus that fires projectiles at a trainee to simulate combat situations until the trainee strikes predetermined locations on target mounts made of standard paper or cardboard, wherein the predetermined locations correspond with deactivation wands that deactivate the apparatus and ceases firing from the target training apparatus. The apparatus comprises a base, a target column, deactivation wands, a firing column, paintball guns, and a plurality of target elements. The apparatus includes slots to hold compressed air bottles for propelling the paintballs and utility housing for providing power to the trigger system which controls the firing of the two paintball guns. The trigger system rotates a trigger lever in cyclic revolutions which causes the trigger to pull and fire rounds at the trainee.Type: GrantFiled: March 9, 2009Date of Patent: June 26, 2012Inventor: Robert Henry Deatherage, Jr.
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Patent number: 6666456Abstract: An amusement dunk tank step assembly configured to position and allow patrons dropped into dunk tanks to easily exit therefrom and reseat themselves upon platforms, to removably mount to dunk tanks in a plurality of locations, and/or to retrofit virtually any existing dunk tank. The dunk tank step assembly includes a mounting member configured to removably mount on an upper portion of the dunk tank. An upper portion of a rail member is coupled to the mounting member and is configured to be adjacent to an internal portion of the dunk tank when the step assembly is in an operative position. A step member is coupled to a lower portion of the rail member and is configured to be adjacent to the internal portion of the dunk tank when the step assembly is in an operative position.Type: GrantFiled: November 13, 2001Date of Patent: December 23, 2003Inventor: Robert C. Swankie
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Patent number: 6296252Abstract: A game assembly for dousing a target individual with water when an object hits a target. The game assembly comprises a support arm for supporting a source of water, a support assembly for supporting the support arm at a desired location, and an actuating assembly. The actuating assembly preferably has a target member, and actuating member, and connecting assembly. The target member defines a target portion forming the target. The target portion is attached to the support arm for movement between first and second positions. The actuating member is mounted on the support arm for movement between retracted and extended positions. The actuating member engages the source of water such that water falls from the desired location when the actuating member is in the extend position.Type: GrantFiled: April 20, 2000Date of Patent: October 2, 2001Inventor: Frank Hubka
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Patent number: 6264201Abstract: A water balloon game for providing amusement to individuals at events by bursting a balloon filled with water above a subject's head thereby effectively “dunking” the subject. The inventive device includes a wall member having a target and a support structure to maintain the wall member in a vertical position, a basket supported to an upper portion of the wall member by a support bar formed for receiving a balloon filled with a fluid such as water, a shaft pivotally attached to the wall member, a plate attached to the shaft positioned in front of the target, and a puncturing member attached orthogonally to the end of the shaft opposite of the plate for puncturing the balloon when positioned within the basket. The shaft is pivotally attached to the wall member with pivot brackets and a pivot pin. The shaft is angled upwardly from the plate to the puncturing member.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 2000Date of Patent: July 24, 2001Inventors: William A. Holsten, Janet A. Holsten
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Patent number: 6102404Abstract: A target triggered dousing assembly wherein an operator throws a bean bag or other missile at a triggering target which in turn moves to allow a hammer to strike a bell and tug upon a lanyard, tipping a dousing bucket to dispel its contents upon a participating subject below.Type: GrantFiled: April 8, 1999Date of Patent: August 15, 2000Inventor: Mark Francis Barker
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Patent number: 5967515Abstract: In an coin operated amusement game, a coin track is provided directing coins toward a plurality of target receptacles arranged to receive properly timed coins. Relative movement is provided between the target track and the receptacles. A properly timed coin inserted in the track will roll down the track, then travel through the air, and then land in and be retained in the target receptacle. Dump targets are provided wherein a properly timed coin will activate the dump target and cause the corresponding receptacle to be dumped and provide the player with an award corresponding to the number of coins dumped out of the receptacle.Type: GrantFiled: April 22, 1998Date of Patent: October 19, 1999Assignee: Benchmark Entertainment L.C.Inventor: Ronald D. Halliburton
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Patent number: 5947476Abstract: A water balloon target game for bursting a water filled balloon above a game participant includes a frame of base support members (30, 32), a front and a side participant protector screen (36,38), a plurality of water balloon support members (12, 12a, 12b), a water balloon support seat (14), and an impact activating balloon bursting device (20) with an associated connecting rod (24) which mounts a cocking pin (22) at one end and a target (26) at an opposite end exterior of the frame. The base support members surround a conventional seat (not shown) and provide attachment for the protector screens by hook clips (34) at the front and target sides of the frame. The balloon support seat (14), of a predetermined size and adapted to support a variety of sizes of water balloons, is connected to the balloon support members and is centered above the seat which is occupied by the game participant. In operation, the balloon bursting device is cocked and a filled water balloon is placed on the balloon support seat.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1998Date of Patent: September 7, 1999Inventor: Robert W. Rousay
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Patent number: 5848793Abstract: A water game is provided including a stand having at least one leg with a rotation bar coupled thereto. Further provided is a water assembly including a water basin coupled along the rotation bar of the stand. The water assembly also includes a circular target coupled to the rotation bar of the stand opposite the water basin. As such, the water basin has an upright orientation situated on top of the interconnection bar of the stand and an inverted orientation situated below the interconnection bar of the stand.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 1997Date of Patent: December 15, 1998Inventor: Edward Celis
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Patent number: 5839981Abstract: A toy that releases a fluid onto a player when another player successfully projects a projectile onto a target. The toy may include a basketball hoop and a container that is filled with a fluid. The hoop is coupled to the container by a release mechanism and a trigger. The container may be elevated above a player by a post. The release mechanism is switched to a released state so that the fluid is released onto the player when the projectile is thrown through the basketball hoop and engages the trigger a predetermined number of times.Type: GrantFiled: September 2, 1997Date of Patent: November 24, 1998Assignee: Elliot A. RudellInventors: Elliot Rudell, Joseph Cernansky, George Foster
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Patent number: 5657995Abstract: A board game in which the object involves fishing for a prize, in which fish spring into the air when contacted and becomes attached to the "lure" on the fishing string and rod, and teaches a beginning fisherman how to cast and retrieve using an actual fishing rod and reel.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 1996Date of Patent: August 19, 1997Inventor: Michael F. Howard
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Patent number: 5634642Abstract: A water dumping game with adjustable target comprising: a base with a front edge and a rear edge; an upright support having a front surface, a rear surface, an upper edge and a lower edge, the lower edge being affixed to the base, the upper edge including a recess formed therein; a seat with an upper end and a lower end, the lower end of the seat being positioned adjacent the front edge of the base; a bucket having an outer wall with two pins projecting therefrom, each pin being pivotally coupled within the recess of the upright support, the bucket being filled with water in an inoperative orientation; and a dumping assembly including at least one target and a bucket stabilizing device, in an inoperative orientation the bucket stabilizing device securing the bucket in an upright position, in an operative orientation the bucket stabilizing device permitting downward rotation of the bucket thereby dumping water on an individual positioned upon the seat of the apparatus, each target being operatively coupled toType: GrantFiled: July 1, 1996Date of Patent: June 3, 1997Inventor: Giustino Grandolfo
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Patent number: 5482292Abstract: A dumping toy that can safely and easily be used by one or more children includes a frame having a pivotable cross-beam that extends horizontally across an upper portion of the frame, and a receptacle flexibly connected to the cross-beam such that when a target connected to the cross-beam is stricken or falls over by a projectile, the otherwise upright receptacle tips over and dumps a selected material, for example water, onto a person under the receptacle and then automatically rights itself. The target may be a main target connected to the frame or it may be a remote target connected to either the main target or the frame.Type: GrantFiled: January 30, 1995Date of Patent: January 9, 1996Inventor: Robert S. Stone
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Patent number: 5390913Abstract: A sport facility and equipment for playing a game with a ball, in which the overall physical conditions of the game are similar to basketball. The facility is configured to use a basketball or a ball of similar size, in which the object of the game is to throw the ball through a hoop and thereby score a goal. The facility and equipment further include a system for penalizing the performance of a player or team in a manner which encourages the competitiveness of the game and the enjoyment by spectators. Specifically, a system is used to keep track of scores made by one or more participants playing in one or more playing areas. Using preselected criteria, the losing team is doused with a spray of water at the completion of a game.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1994Date of Patent: February 21, 1995Assignee: Spray Shot, Inc.Inventor: Jack Kepler
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Patent number: 5299809Abstract: A first and second boat member are provided, with the first member including a spring actuated torpedo directed through the hull of the first toy member arranged to engage and impact a target plate of a second boat member. Upon impact of the target plate, simulation smoke and the ejection of a stacked housing column of plates is projected from the second boat member. Impact of the target plate effects the rotation of a cam plate to impact the housing plates.Type: GrantFiled: January 26, 1993Date of Patent: April 5, 1994Inventors: Louis J. Evangelista, Louis J. Evangelista, Sr., Michael Evangelista
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Patent number: 5087054Abstract: A dunking apparatus, useful as an amusement device, is provided which is easily assembled, disassembled and transported. The apparatus comprises a control housing for enclosing at least part of a release mechanism, a load supporting platform and a fluid-retaining reservoir mounted upon a support platform. The apparatus also includes target-supporting walls hingedly connected to the housing which may be pivoted to lie flush against the remainder of the apparatus for disassembly, or pivoted to extend perpendicular to the remainder of the apparatus for operative assembly. The entire apparatus may be permanently mounted upon a wheel-based, mobile trailer.The apparatus also includes an impact-activated release mechanism for releasing a load, such as a human, sitting upon the platform. The release mechanism is activated upon impact with a thrown object, such as a ball.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 1991Date of Patent: February 11, 1992Assignee: Dunk The Clown, Inc.Inventor: T. Scott O'Neil
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Patent number: 4943064Abstract: A dunk tank seat release mechanism is disclosed including a support that is disposable proximate the rear of a dunk tank. A seat is hingably attached to the support and is alternatable between generally horizontal and collapsed positions. A releasable gripping mechanism holds the seat in a generally horizontal position and includes a pair of opposing, pivotably interconnected stationary and movable jaws. A stationary handle is fixed to a stationary jaw and a movable handle is pivotably attached to the movable jaw. The jaws are biased closed when the movable handle is closed relative to the stationary handle to hold the seat. An actuator member extends between the stationary and movable handles generally laterally of the tank. The actuator member has a thickness between the handles such that a spacing of at least 3/8" is provided between the actuator member and the movable handle. A target is mounted to the actuator member to face generally forward of the tank.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1989Date of Patent: July 24, 1990Inventor: Harry C. Smith, Jr.
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Patent number: 4802676Abstract: A target or clay pigeon may comprise a stopper for hermetically sealing an outlet hole. The stopper may automatically or non-automatically open the outlet hole. In one embodiment, the outlet hole (91) is hermetically sealed by a film (92) with a thread integrated with this stopper, the free extremity of which departs from the film (92) and is connected to a weight (94). With the rotation of the clay pigeon or target, the weight (94) pulls on the wire and tears the stopper, thus freeing the colored material.Type: GrantFiled: July 30, 1986Date of Patent: February 7, 1989Assignee: Cibles Descos S.A.R.L.Inventors: Rene Descos, Jean-Claude Laporte
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Patent number: 4702480Abstract: A water entertainment apparatus and a method of operating the apparatus are provided. The water entertainment apparatus includes a flush toilet means, a target means, and a flush toilet support means. The flush toilet means includes a liquid reservoir member, bowl member and drain member. The target means includes a target surface member and an actuator means. The liquid reservoir member is connected to the bowl member and the bowl member is connected to the drain member. The target surface member is connected to the actuator means. The actuator means is connected to the water reservoir member. The flush toilet means is supported by the flush toilet support means. The method provides liquid in the liquid reservoir member of the water entertainment apparatus. Then a subject is positioned below the drain member. A projectile is then impacted on the target surface member. The target surface member then actuates the actuator means.Type: GrantFiled: April 7, 1986Date of Patent: October 27, 1987Inventors: Fred Popeski, Keith Pierce
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Patent number: 4509760Abstract: A target structure comprising of at least one target and means coupled to the target for exploding the target when the target is hit by an object. In a particular embodiment, the target is a horizontal panel and projector means is located beneath the panel and projects the panel away from the target structure when the panel is struck by an object. The projector means is spring-loaded and is triggered by the force of the object striking the panel.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1983Date of Patent: April 9, 1985Assignee: Adolph E. GoldfarbInventors: Adolph E. Goldfarb, Delmar K. Everitt
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Patent number: 4502691Abstract: A destructible toy aircraft game, comprising a body having generally the shape of an aircraft fuselage and including a pair of wings; a pair of wings removably mounted to said body and one of said wings mounted to each of said sides; a latch mechanism for removably mounting said wings to said body; a release system operatively associated with said latch mechanism cooperating with said latch mechanism for securing said wings to said body when in a first latch position and for releasing said wings from said body when in a second release position; a motor assembly for disposing said release system in said release position from said latch position; a fluid pressure contact switch assembly cooperatively engaged with said motor assembly for activating said motor assembly for disposing said release system from said latch to said release position whereby said wings being released from said body thereby; and, a fluid pressure delivery system for directing pressurized fluid to said fluid pressure contact switch assemblType: GrantFiled: December 23, 1983Date of Patent: March 5, 1985Inventors: Raymond W. Ratliff, Eugene E. Smith
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Patent number: 4466616Abstract: A missile responsive amusement apparatus comprising a target mounted upon one end of an elongated target arm, the latter being pivotally mounted to a box-like frame, whereupon when a missile strikes the target, the target arm pivots in a direction causing its other end to engage and rotate a latch bar for lifting latching teeth out of notches located in a pair of spindle cams, thereby releasing a spindle bar to which a seat is attached for rotation in a direction causing the seat to swivel downward for dropping a person sitting thereupon into a tank of water below the seat. Thereafter, via spring biasing of the spindle cams and target arm, the apparatus can be reset by rotating the seat upward until it latches in its upright position via the latching teeth engaging the notches of the spindle cams attached to the spindle bar, while concurrently causing the latching bar to rotate for pivoting the target arm back to its "cocked" or "ready" position.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1982Date of Patent: August 21, 1984Inventors: Arthur G. Griego, Randy T. Griego, George A. Griego, Jr.
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Patent number: 4380339Abstract: A game device comprises an elongated trunk element, a plurality of elongated limb elements, a trunk member defining an elongated trunk cavity for axially positioning the elongated trunk elements therein, and including a plurality of limb members each defining a limb cavity for axially positioning at least one of said limb elements therein; hinges connecting the limb elements to the trunk element, a platform transversely mounted to the trunk element for supporting weighted objects thereon and spring for biasing the trunk element in an upward direction so that the trunk element will be yieldably and incrementally depressed in the trunk cavity in response to successive weighted objects being placed upon the platform member.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 1981Date of Patent: April 19, 1983Inventor: Andrew Jones, Jr.
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Patent number: 4367875Abstract: A boxing type amusement game including a pair of figures of boxers. Each boxer has a torso with a blow actuated trigger. An inflated launchable balloon is mounted as a head on each torso. At least one arm is pivotally mounted on the torso and has a fist for hitting and actuating a trigger of an opposing boxer. The launchable balloon is mounted on the torso under tension and sealed against air leakage. The trigger releases the balloon and launches it when it is struck by the fist of an opposing boxer.Type: GrantFiled: February 8, 1982Date of Patent: January 11, 1983Assignee: Gordon Barlow DesignInventors: Gordon A. Barlow, John R. Newcomer, John R. Krutsch, Fred Bezark
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Patent number: 4332390Abstract: An amusement device is provided having a target which is a comic representation of a person, such as a radio announcer, for example. The target is portrayed on a generally flat, vertical surface, having a large open mouth, defining a bull's-eye and a portion, such as a hairpiece or wig, which is dislodged when a missile projected by the player strikes the bull's-eye. The falling-off of the hairpiece shows the announcer to be bald and this visibly and humorously indicates the accurate throw or shot of the player. The hairpiece is preferably detachably secured to the target by magnets, and dislodgement is effected by a lever pivoted centrally behind the target with one end disposed behind the open mouth and the other end having an adjustable pin adapted to turn into a second opening in the target figure and strike against the hairpiece overcoming the hold of the magnets. A resilient means such as a rubber band is utilized to return the lever to its initial position against the rear of the announcer's mouth.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1980Date of Patent: June 1, 1982Inventor: Joe Bury
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Patent number: 4291879Abstract: Disclosed is a toy for playing a ball-hitting game.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1980Date of Patent: September 29, 1981Assignee: Ohkuma Seisakusho Co., Ltd.Inventor: Nobuo Nagato
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Patent number: 4212412Abstract: A game employing a gun capable of emitting a light beam can be played using a target apparatus which ejects objects each time this apparatus is approximately actuated by a light beam. The target apparatus includes a turntable which is capable of being rotated by a motor. The turntable includes a plurality of holders, each of which is adapted to hold an object to be ejected from the apparatus. An ejection lever is mounted on the base of the apparatus so as to be capable of ejecting an object from a holder positioned directly above it. After such an object is ejected the motor rotates the turntable. Structures are provided for returning the ejection lever to a position in which it can eject an object from an adjacent holder and for indexing the turntable so that an adjacent holder is above the lever as a result of such rotation of the turntable. A circuit including a photocell is provided on the apparatus for operation of the ejection lever so as to eject an object from a holder positioned above this lever.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 1978Date of Patent: July 15, 1980Assignee: Tomy Kogyo Co., Inc.Inventor: Masaki Ikeda
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Patent number: 4186926Abstract: An amusement device for use by opposing players includes an upstanding enclosure having spaced apart transparent side walls permitting the interior to be viewed by players on opposite sides. The enclosure includes a bottom wall with a pair of spaced apart parallel openings and a plurality of projectiles, such as table tennis balls, are contained within the enclosure and are adapted to be fired upwardly from the bottom wall. Each player is provided with a movable firing unit or "cannon" which he positions beneath the opening in the bottom wall on his side and the firing unit is then manually operated to propel or fire a selected ball upwardly towards a target. Each player is provided with a target device having an open upper end for receiving the balls and holding a selected number of balls in a vertical stack.Type: GrantFiled: August 31, 1977Date of Patent: February 5, 1980Assignee: Marvin Glass & AssociatesInventors: Ralph J. Kulesza, Jeffrey D. Breslow