Abstract: A suspension system includes a laterally extending axle and an arm assembly welded to the axle. The arm assembly includes a longitudinally extending arm body having top and bottom surfaces, an axle connector welded to the axle and an end of the arm body, and a plate extending longitudinally over and welded to the arm body top surface, wrapped rearwardly about and welded to the axle connector, and extending longitudinally over and welded to the arm body bottom surface. A method includes the steps of welding an axle connector to an axle; welding a plate to the axle connector, the plate being wrapped rearwardly about the axle connector; and welding an arm body to the axle connector and to the plate, the arm body having top and bottom surfaces, and the plate being welded to each of the top and bottom surfaces.

Abstract: A low profile chassis and suspension system for a road vehicle. The chassis supports a payload section or cargo compartment, such as for a delivery truck, ambulance, or shuttle bus. The chassis includes a largely planar frame having a top surface which is located beneath the rotational axes of the rear wheels. The wheel suspension system is particularly compact and close to the road surface. In some embodiments each wheel is suspended from the vehicle by a pair of pivotal support arms. Preferably, one arm is located above the other arm, and both arms pivot along pivot axes that are generally perpendicular to the rotational axis of the supported wheel. A spring urges one of the arms apart from the frame. In other embodiments, the spring is placed beneath the rotational axis of the wheel. In some embodiments both of the pivoting support arms are located beneath the rotational axis of the wheel.

Abstract: A leading or trailing arm vehicle suspension system comprised of a fabricated vehicle axle and a fully integrated beam casting providing bending stiffness to control axle windup and longitudinal stiffness to control axle position is disclosed. The beam casting is attached to the vehicle axle with a thru-bolt connection. The beam casting includes rack and pinion mounting attachment holes and also includes other built-in features providing efficient transfer of loads into the vehicle axle.

Abstract: At least one end of a longitudinally extending control link arm includes a laterally extending tubular portion that receives a bushing assembly. The tubular portion is used to pivotally secure an end of the control link arm to a vehicle structure or axle component. The bushing assembly is positioned within the tubular portion such that radial stiffness is distributed away from a center of the tubular portion. This configuration provides a high conical rate and provides auxiliary roll stiffness such that a sway bar is not required.

Abstract: In a torsion beam wheel suspension system, a stabilizer bush (10) made of resilient material is received in a hollow interior of a torsion beam (4) that connect intermediate points of a pair of trailing arms (2), and retains an intermediate part of the stabilizer (9) to the torsion beam (4). A bracket (13) including a pair of vertical walls (13c) opposing lateral sides of the stabilizer bush is attached to a part of the torsion beam to prevent the lateral shifting of the stabilizer bush without any part of the bracket or stabilizer bush restraining the torsional deformation of the stabilizer or torsion beam. The vertical walls may be spaced apart from the stabilizer bush. The structure is not costly and does not cause any complication or difficulty in the assembly work of the rear wheel suspension system. The bracket may have dual purposes of retaining the stabilizer bush and supporting a dynamic damper (11).

Abstract: A suspension system for a vehicle may include a torsion beam disposed along width direction of the vehicle and including an attaching portion formed to an end portion thereof, a trailing arm disposed to the attaching portion of the torsion beam and aligned along length direction of the vehicle, wherein one end portion of the trailing arm is coupled to a wheel and the other end portion of the trailing arm is connected to a vehicle body, and a stiffener connecting the attaching portion of the torsion beam and the trailing arm disposed between the stiffener and the attaching portion of the torsion beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an axle suspension for heavy vehicles, in particular trucks, comprising an axle beam which bears axle parts projecting over at oppositely disposed sides, each axle part preferably bearing a wheel drive; an axle beam bearing which permits upward and downward movements of the axle beam as well as pendular movements of the axle beam around a substantially lying pendular axis transverse to the longitudinal direction of the axle parts; a spring device for the resilient support of the upward and downward movements of the axle beam at a vehicle frame; and also a pendular damping device for the damping of the pendular movements of the axle beam.

Abstract: A suspension trailing arm suspends a vehicle chassis from a beam type axle. The trailing arm includes a chassis mounting feature, an axle mounting feature, and an arm portion intermediate the chassis mounting feature and the axle mounting feature. The arm portion has a generally X-section profile with four limbs.

Abstract: A suspension link for an axle of a motor vehicle includes first and second arms, with the first and second arms being laterally spaced and substantially parallel. A first end of each arm is coupled to the axle by a bushing. A second end of each arm is coupled to a motor vehicle frame by a frame bushing. A sway bar is rigidly mounted between the first and second arms substantially distal to the first ends of the first and second arms, proximate to the second ends and parallel to the axle.

Abstract: A link of a vehicle suspension is elastic and includes three suspension points. A first point is adapted to be pivotally connected to a wheel carrier of the corresponding vehicle. A second point is adapted to be pivotally connected to a rigid chassis of the corresponding vehicle. The third point is adapted to be pivotally connected to a shackle, the shackle pivotally connecting the third point to the rigid chassis of the vehicle.

Abstract: A spindle bracket of a torsion beam axle suspension system is defined on an end portion of a trailing arm to be connected to a hub assembly on which a wheel and a tire are mounted. The spindle bracket may include a first inner bracket that is welded to an inner side and an outer side of an end portion of a upper member of the trailing arm, a second inner bracket that is welded to an inner side and an outer side of an end portion of a lower member of the trailing arm, and an outer bracket that is attached to the first and second inner brackets to be engaged with the hub assembly in company with the first and second inner brackets.

Abstract: An arrangement for pivotally coupling an auxiliary axle frame to a vehicle chassis includes a pair of support brackets, each fastened to one of two opposite longitudinal rails of the chassis. Each bracket is coupled to its associated rail with a set of threaded fasteners extended through aligned openings in the bracket and rail. Each fastener is tightened to a predetermined level of tensile force, after which its movable components are welded together to positively and permanently set the fastener. Each bracket extends behind the chassis to support a rotational coupling device including a pin rotatable about a transverse axis. Opposite arms of the tag axle frame support clevis type coupling features at their forward ends. Each clevis type feature is integrally coupled to one of the pins. An actuator used to pivot the tag axle frame can be coupled to the chassis and frame through similar rotational coupling devices and clevis type features.

Abstract: A vehicle has a body and at least two trailing arm suspensions, one proximate each side of the body. Each trailing arm suspension has a swing arm pivotably mounted at one end to the body and a fluid suspension extending between the swing arm and the body. A wheel is rotatably mounted to a free end of each swing arm. A power plant is provided for powering each wheel and a control system is provided for controlling a volume of fluid in each fluid suspension. The vehicle may have a longitudinally extending body with a sliding side door riding along a track configured such that said door has an open position extending transversely of said body. The vehicle may have a monocoque body with at least substantially planar sides and at least one parcel shelf extending along an inside of, and attached to, each of the sides for stiffening the sides and resisting torsion.

Abstract: An active suspension system for a rigid beam tractor axle in which the axle is connected to the chassis by two orthogonally oriented pivot points and axle movement is controlled by double-acting suspension actuators managed by a control system to improve the ride and handling characteristics of the tractor.

Abstract: A machine is provided. The machine has a forward direction of travel and includes a frame, at least one lift arm, a first torsion axle assembly, an undercarriage, and an endless track. The lift arm is pivotally attached to the frame. The first torsion axle assembly is attached to the frame and includes a first torsion arm, a first torsion shaft, and a first axle, with the first torsion shaft and the first axle extending from the first torsion arm. The undercarriage is attached to the first torsion axle assembly and the endless track encircles the undercarriage. One of the first torsion shaft and the first axle is attached to the frame and the other of the first torsion shaft and the first axle is attached to the undercarriage. The first torsion arm extends upward from the frame at an angle between 90 and 180 degrees from the forward direction of travel.

Abstract: An integrated rear suspension assembly is fixedly secured to a transmission case, rear wheel carriers and frame rails of a motor vehicle. The integrated rear suspension assembly includes a plurality of trailing arms having first and second ends. Each of the first ends is secured to one of the frame rails and each of the second ends is secured to each of the rear wheel carriers. A plurality of control arms is pivotally secured to each of the plurality of trailing arms for controlling the plurality of trailing arms. A compound link member having opposing ends is attached to each of the plurality of trailing arms. The integrated rear suspension assembly also includes a transmission cross member that is fixedly secured to each of the frame rails.

Abstract: A trailer tandem wheel suspension system comprising a pair of suspension units (3) for mounting on either side of a chassis (4) of a trailer (1) to support a pair of wheels 2?, 2? and arranged to respond both to small and large deflections of the wheels 2?, 2?. Each suspension unit (3) has a primary spring element (12) and a secondary spring element (13) linked to the primary spring element (12) so that the primary and secondary spring elements (12, 13) are effective over different ranges of movement of the wheels 2?, 2?. The primary spring element (12) is a leaf spring responsive to small movements of the wheels 2?, 2? and the secondary spring element (13) includes a compression spring (18) linked to the leaf spring and responsive to larger movements of the wheels 2?, 2?.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension includes trailing arm assemblies that have one end pivotally mounted to a first suspension rail, an opposite end with an air spring support formed with the trailing arm, and an axle mount portion that is mounted to an axle beam. A Panhard arm provides lateral stiffness and includes a first pivotal connection to the trailing arm and a second pivotal connection to a second suspension rail laterally spaced from the first suspension rail.

Abstract: Provided are wedging and clamping mechanisms for securing an axle to a suspension member. The suspension member has a integral axle shell for seating the axle to be attached. An axle wedging shell is provided which mates to the axle shell via aligning angled grooves and flanges which, as the flanges are forced into the grooves, creates a significant clamping force trapping the axle in place. The orientation and placement of angled grooves and flanges varies through several embodiments. Some embodiments alternately use a retention plate. Adhesive may be applied to the axle and the inner surfaces of the axle shell and wedge member to limit axle twist or rotation.

Abstract: An axle that rotatably supports a wheel is elastically coupled to trailing arms of a motor vehicle via an upper connecting point and first and second lower connecting points, where the trailing arms are elastically coupled to a body of the vehicle. The first and second lower connecting points are positioned lower than the upper connecting point and are mutually arranged to open a gap in a front-to-rear direction of the vehicle. The first and second lower connecting points have elastic members and are arranged so that principal elastic axes of their respective elastic members intersect at a location that is outside, in the lateral direction of the vehicle, of a grounding point of the wheel. In this manner, the running stability can be increased without relying on the rigidity of the elastic members, resulting in increased freedom in design of the elastic members.

Abstract: A trailing arm suspension system and method of manufacture wherein a tubular axle is formed with a central area and trailing arm attachment areas outboard of the central area. The axle central area and attachment areas have a substantially uniform outer surface diameter, and the wall thickness of the attachment areas is thicker/greater than the wall thickness of the central area. Inboard and outboard arm brackets are secured by welding to the axle arm attachment areas and trailing arms are secured, at one end thereof, between an inboard and an outboard arm bracket. At their other ends, the trailing arms are adapted to be pivotally secured to the vehicle. The arm brackets are secured to the axle by inserting the axle through an axle receiving hole in the brackets and providing a 360° weld bead at the interface between the axle and arm brackets.

Abstract: Left and right axle portions are provided for attachment to respective left and right wheels of a vehicle. The left axle portion can be rotatably supported by a left hub support portion, and the right axle portion can be rotatably supported by a right hub support portion. The left and right hub support portions can be movably supported with respect to the frame. Vehicles are also provided.

Abstract: A non-torque reactive air suspension exhibiting excellent roll stability characteristics is shown to include frame hangers mounted to frame rails extending longitudinally on opposite sides of a vehicle. Longitudinally extending beams are connected to the frame hangers at one end and extend parallel to the frame rails. At their other ends, the beams are joined by a crossbrace extending laterally across the vehicle centerline. In a central portion thereof, the beams have an axle pivot bore to which an axle clamp assembly is connected, the axle clamp assembly clamping a drive axle housing for the vehicle. The axle pivot bore is generally aligned with the drive axle. A control rod assembly is connected to suspension or frame components. Together with the beams, the control rod assembly forms a parallelogram configuration wherein the beams form the lower linkages of that configuration and the control rods included within the control rod assembly form the upper linkages of that configuration.

Abstract: A motorcycle stabilization system comprising at least two pairs of cylindrical bushing members comprising of a rigid polymer which is inserted into opposite sides of the swing arm of a motorcycle; each pair having a first member being cylindrical in profile, a beveled nose section and an axial bore that is inserted via the beveled nose section into the swing arm; and a second cylindrical member being inserted behind the first member, including a rear radial ring which aligns with the rubber mount on the swing arm.

Abstract: A wrap used on pneumatic suspension systems which includes a cylindrical body (100) with a single aperture for links (110) which extends along the surface of the cylindrical body (100), the aperture (110) having a region of interruption (101) with the single aperture form (110), and also including a sequence of concordant slots (120).

Abstract: A suspension system for supporting an axle and connected to a vehicle frame, including a pair of transversely spaced frame brackets mounted on and depending from the vehicle frame. Each of the frame brackets having one or more mounting points spaced along its perimeter for mounting of suspension components, such as shock absorbers, and having a protruding air spring attachment plate that extends inboard toward the center of the vehicle frame. The suspension system also includes a first pair of air springs, the upper portions of which are mounted to the air spring attachment plates of the frame brackets. The lower portions of the air springs are mounted to suspension arm. The suspension system includes a second pair of air springs that are longitudinally separated from the first pair of air springs and that are connected to the suspension arm assemblies and to the frame.

Abstract: A caster suspension system for a multi-axle transport vehicle for moving heavy loads includes two fluid activated cylinders and two spaced apart arms for each wheel and axle set which allow the transport vehicle to be raised and lowered with respect to the roadway. The suspension system mechanically stabilizes the axles with respect to the transport vehicle thereby reducing axle yaw and allowing higher transport speeds. As the transport vehicle moves, the suspension system casters into alignment with the direction of travel.

Abstract: A low profile chassis and suspension system for a road vehicle. The chassis supports a payload section or cargo compartment, such as for a delivery truck, ambulance, or shuttle bus. The chassis includes a largely planar frame having a top surface which is located beneath the rotational axes of the rear wheels. The wheel suspension system is particularly compact and close to the road surface. A trailing arm-type wheel support supports a stub axle in a cantilevered fashion. A spring urges the wheel support apart from the frame. A planar portion of the wheel support, the wheel support pivot joints, and the spring are located beneath the rotational axis of the wheel. In another embodiment, the frame includes a recessed pocket which facilitates use of ramp for wheel chair access.

Abstract: A suspension assembly includes an axle and a resilient member. The axle includes a first end and a second end and is movable with respect to a vehicle's frame between an unloaded position and a loaded position. The resilient member is configured to be spaced from at least one of the axle and the frame when the axle is in the unloaded position. The resilient member is also configured to selectively progressively bias the axle towards the unloaded position. A vehicle including a suspension assembly is also provided.

Abstract: A suspension arrangement for a work machine includes a frame and a rear axle rigidly carried by and substantially immovable relative to the frame. The suspension arrangement includes a caster wheel assembly having a shaft, a wheel arm, a suspension and a caster wheel. The shaft is pivotably couplable with an outboard end of the rear axle. The caster wheel is coupled with a lower end of the wheel arm. The suspension is in the form of a torsion spring including an outer tube, an inner member, and a plurality of elastomeric members interposed between the outer tube and the inner member. The outer tube is coupled with the shaft, and the inner member is coupled with an upper end of the wheel arm.

Abstract: An in-wheel drive unit suspension device suspends an in-wheel drive unit disposed inside a wheel on a vehicle body. The in-wheel drive unit suspension device has a longitudinally extending first arm member and a vertically extending vertical member. The first arm member has a in-wheel drive unit attachment portion pivotally attached to an outer circumferential portion of an in-wheel drive unit at a position radially spaced apart from a rotational center of the in-wheel drive unit, and a vehicle body attachment portion pivotally attached to the vehicle body so that the in-wheel drive unit is movable in a vehicle vertical direction with respect to a vehicle body. The vertical member has a first part of the vertical member attached to the outer circumferential portion of the in-wheel drive unit and a second part of the vertical member attached to the vehicle body to guide the in-wheel drive unit in the vehicle vertical direction.

Abstract: A suspension that has particular application for a front axle of a heavy vehicle includes suspension arms that are better able to withstand increased brake torques that are expected to soon be mandated in heavy vehicles. In one embodiment, the suspension includes a plurality of arms pivotally connected to a vehicle frame, and rigidly secured to an axle. By utilizing the plurality of arms, simple spring elements are better able to withstand the increased brake torques.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension which includes an axle and at least one trailing arm, and there being a seat for the or each trailing arm secured to the axle by U-shaped bolts, the or each seat being of generally U-shaped and inverted configuration with a leg dependant from a body to each side, the body having an inner surface to locate on the axle such that the legs extend alongside the axle to opposite sides, the inner surface of each leg and the surface having a continuous recess of a width less than the width of the seat, and there being a U-shaped insert located in the recess, the legs of the insert extending beyond the lower end of each leg and there being a means to secure the exposed ends of the insert to opposite sides of the axle, the insert having a flexibility or resilience to permit a movement of the trailing arm and seat about the axle.

Abstract: An anti-roll bar is attached directly to first and second control arms in a vehicle suspension. The anti-roll bar includes a central body portion that extends in a lateral direction, and first and second legs that extend from the central body portion in a longitudinal direction. The first and second legs are attached to inboard surfaces of the first and second control arms. The anti-roll bar is positioned such that the central body portion does not extend outwardly beyond longitudinal ends of the first and second control arms, and does not extend vertically below lower surfaces of the first and second control arms. This configuration allows the vehicle suspension to be packaged within a smaller space, and improves ground clearance.

Abstract: An improved trailer wheel system including a trailer mounting support, a fender mounting support, a main suspension support arm and an air bag. The trailer mounting support is mounted to a trailer platform. The fender mounting support is attached to the trailer mounting support. One end of the main suspension support arm is mounted to one end of the trailer mounting support. The air bag is attached to the other end of the main suspension support arm and the fender mounting support. A wheel axle is mounted to the main suspension support arm and a wheel is mounted to the wheel axle. The air bag is used to raise or lower the trailer for more efficient loading and unloading, as well as acting as an anti-theft device, and providing a smoother ride for the equipment being transported and the towing vehicle.

Abstract: A cam shaft support/enclosure assembly for brake systems of heavy-duty vehicles is mounted on a beam of an axle/suspension system and includes a cam tube. A bracket for mounting the cam tube on the beam includes a pair of plates that are mounted on the beam. Each one of the plates is formed with an opening for receiving the cam tube and includes at least three tabs, and preferably four tabs, that extend outwardly from each respective plate adjacent the opening and contact the outer surface of the cam tube. Each tab includes a generally arched and optionally textured face for mating with an outer surface of the cam tube, which may also be optionally textured, so that when the plates are mounted the tabs engage the cam tube in a press-type fit, minimizing movement of the cam tube.

Abstract: A rear suspension structure for large vehicles increases durability of a bump stopper and an air spring, thus markedly enhancing the riding comfort and handling ability of a vehicle. Furthermore, the amount of air to be drawn into and discharged from the air spring is increased, so that stable handling ability of the vehicle is ensured, thus markedly enhancing traveling stability of the vehicle. As well, the present invention ensures the lateral rigidity of a rear axle and prevents deflection of the vehicle when traveling.

Abstract: A suspension for a motor vehicle having a hollow suspension member including first and second spaced apart sidewalls and a pivot pin. In the preferred embodiment, the pivot pin is a locking assembly that includes a first retainer partially insertable through a first window formed in the first sidewall and a second retainer partially insertable through a second window formed in the second side wall. The first retainer engages the second retainer to present a pivot that receives a pivot arm between the sidewalls.

Abstract: A suspension (14) for coupling a steer axle assembly (12) to a vehicle frame (10) is provided that provides lateral stability to the steer axle assembly, increased roll stability for the vehicle and a reduction in axle wind-up during brakingcall without interfering with vertical displacement of the axle assembly. The suspension includes leaf springs (44) disposed on opposite sides of the vehicle, each of which is coupled to the vehicle frame at first and second ends (64, 66) and to an axle beam (28) intermediate the first and second ends. The suspension also includes first and second arms (50, 150), each of which is pivotally coupled to the axle beam at a first end (70, 170) and to the vehicle frame at a second end (68, 168) proximate one of the ends of a corresponding leaf spring. The suspension may further include a torsion bar (52) extending between and coupled to the first and second arms.

Abstract: In a trailing arm suspension for a vehicle, an axle carrier is fitted to the wheel-side end of a trailing arm, and an axle bearing is fitted to the axle carrier. The axle carrier includes a first flat plate-like member and a second flat plate-like member. The first flat plate-like member is arranged in substantially the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The axle bearing is fitted to the first flat plate-like member. The second flat plate-like member is fixed to the front end of the first flat plate-like member at an angle at or around 90 degrees. The second flat plate-like member is fixed to the wheel-side end of the trailing arm at an angle within the range of 60 degrees to 90 degrees.

Abstract: A four-point wishbone-shaped linkage is disclosed for use in a suspension system. The wishbone-shaped linkage includes a base and two limbs extending away from the base creating a large mouth open area between the limbs and base. The base includes a bar and bushing assembly extending laterally therethrough. Also disclosed are suspension systems incorporating the four-point wishbone-shaped linkage. The suspension system connects an axle to a vehicle chassis having a first frame member and a second frame member extending longitudinally on opposite sides of the chassis, respectively. The first and second frame hangers are mounted to the first and second frame member, respectively, a cross member connects the first and second frame hangers and the wishbone-shaped linkage is pivotally connected to the axle seats mounted to the axle and to the cross member. The suspension system also can include air springs, shock absorbers and torque rods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bar pin attachment for bush assembly. The assembly comprises a longitudinally extending control arm, a bush eye clamp, and a hanger bracket. The control arm has a bush end, a mid-region, an axle mount formed opposite of the bush end. A bush, having an integral bar pin molded laterally therethrough, is inserted in the bush eye and retained therein. The hanger bracket is attached to, and depends from, the chassis and includes two spaced-apart, downward oriented flanges between which the bush eye clamp is positioned. The bush end is pivotally attached to the hanger by fastening the bar pin ends directly to each adjacent hanger flange.

Abstract: A vehicle trailing arm suspension system wherein an axle is pivotally secured with trailing arms to a hanger bracket secured to the vehicle frame. Each of the trailing arms comprise a pivot arm component having a first end pivotally secured to the hanger bracket and a second end including a first axle engagement portion abutting the axle. The trailing arm further includes a tail component having a second axle engagement portion abutting the axle. The first and second axle engagement portions each include terminal ends which are located adjacent one another and are welded together such that the first and second axle engagement portions completely circumscribe the axle exterior surface. One of the axle engagement portions includes overlapping portions extending over the terminal ends of the other axle engagement portion.

Abstract: A torsion-beam rear axle of a vehicle, more preferably motor vehicle, is provided with two rigid trailing arms, which with their one end are each mounted on a vehicle body in a manner capable of being swiveled and at the other end of which a wheel carrier is each attached for the rotatable mounting of a vehicle wheel about its wheel center axis, as well as with a torsionally soft cross-tie connecting the two trailing arms with each other. Each wheel carrier, by means of at least three elastic wheel carrier bearings is fixed to the trailing arm when viewed in forward driving direction of the vehicle, at least two wheel carrier bearings are arranged behind the wheel center axis, and at least one wheel carrier bearing is arranged in front of the wheel center axis in such a manner that through the two wheel carrier bearings arranged behind the wheel center axis to define a swivel axis for the swiveling of the wheel carrier relative to the trailing arm.

Abstract: A method for making a vehicle suspension assembly includes forming a beam having a forward end defining a pivot, and a rearward end having an axle-receiving opening therethrough defined by a surface. At least a portion of the surface is generally cylindrical, and the surface defines a first diameter when the beam is at a first temperature. The method further includes providing an axle defining an axis and having a generally cylindrical outer surface portion defining a second diameter when the axle is at the first temperature, and wherein the second diameter is larger than the first diameter. The method further includes raising the temperature of the beam to expand the axle-receiving opening. The axle is then inserted into the axle-receiving opening while the opening is expanded due to the elevated temperature. The temperature of the beam is then lowered to provide a tight interference fit between the beam and the axle member.

Abstract: A swing arm with impact dampener, includes a swing arm having a pivoting coupling end and a non-pivoting coupling end. An impact dampening assembly is positioned at the non-pivoting coupling end.

Abstract: A container for example for a seeder includes a filling conveyor mounted on one with a bottom hopper and an upper filling spout with the conveyor being movable in a direction inwardly and outwardly relative to the side of the container to different positions relative to the container for cooperation with a supply. This is achieved by mounting the conveyor on a swivel coupling at the outer end of an arm which can be raised and lowered by pivotal movement about an inner end at the container. The hopper is supported on two pairs of ground wheels, each pair being arranged on a respective side of the hopper for supporting the respective side and each pair comprising a respective one of a pair of castor wheels mounted at respective ends of a pivotal beam extending along the respective side of the hopper and pivotal about an axis transverse to the hopper.

Abstract: The invention concerns a brinelling bushing joint assembly having a brinelling bushing sleeve with a brinelling feature that mates with a bracket. This joint assembly may be particularly advantageous when employed to connect a vehicle frame to a vehicle suspension.

Abstract: A suspension system for suspending a vehicle frame above a plurality of ground-engaging wheels includes a wheel-carrying axle comprising a first end a second end, and a pair of frame bracket assemblies each comprising a resiliently-bushed pivotable connection defining a pivot axis, wherein the frame bracket assemblies are operably coupled to opposite sides of the frame bracket, and wherein the resiliently-bushed pivotable connection comprises a substantially cylindrically-shaped bushing. The suspension system also includes a pair of trailing arms each comprising a first end operably coupled to the first end and the second end of the axle, respectively, and a second end comprising an aperture that receives the bushing of one of the frame bracket assemblies therein, wherein the aperture of the second end of each trailing arm is nonsymmetrical, thereby causing a nonsymmetrical compression of the bushing about the pivot axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tubular beam of a torsion beam axle type suspension, which includes a uniform cross-sectional portion with the smallest tail radius and cross-sectional width throughout the tubular beam, a variable cross-sectional area that extends from the uniform cross-sectional portion and gradually increases in the tail radius and cross-sectional width, and an enlarging cross-sectional portion that extends from the variable cross-sectional portion. Therefore, it is possible to minimize reduction of roll rigidity and improve durability of a tubular beam. Further, it is possible to add understeer characteristics to a tubular beam with an oversteer tendency by minimizing the reduction in transverse rigidity and making a shear center higher.