Abstract: A system for producing a plurality of spaced holes in a component which includes a hole producing machine, a control system in communication with the hole producing machine, and a hole pattern definition module which provides instructions to the control system for operating and controlling the hole producing machine. The hole pattern definition module determines a desired distribution of the holes in the component using predetermined input parameters.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid-ejection head includes the steps of: forming molds on or above a substrate, the molds being used as molding members for forming liquid chambers; forming a flow-passage-forming member by depositing an inorganic material on or above the substrate and the molds by chemical vapor deposition, the flow-passage-forming member having depressed portions each formed in an area between an adjacent pair of liquid-chamber side walls in which the molds are not formed; forming a photosensitive resin layer by depositing a photosensitive resin on the flow-passage-forming member and in the depressed portions; forming filling members in the depressed portions by grinding the photosensitive resin layer until the upper surface of an orifice plate is exposed; after grinding the photosensitive resin layer, forming ejection ports in the flow-passage-forming member; and, after forming the ejection ports, removing the molds.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a print head includes forming a jet stack having an array of jets, arranging an array of transducers on the jet stack such that each transducer in the array of transducers corresponds to each jet in the array of jets, embossing a flexible circuit substrate having contact pads such that the contact pads extend out of a plane of the flexible circuit substrate, and arranging the flexible circuit substrate such that the contact pads electrically connect to at least some of the transducers in the array of transducers.

Abstract: A system and method are provided method for processing an aperture plate/brace plate unit in a jetstack fabrication process to add, and subsequently remove, a protective coating in the outlet apertures/orifices of the aperture plate to avoid baking on of waste or debris particles in the apertures/orifices. In a jetstack manufacturing process, the outlet apertures/orifices are purposely clogged with a protective coating of known composition, which can be subsequently relatively easily removed, to avoid an opportunity for particles of organic waste or debris material from migrating into the outlet apertures/orifices in a manner that would allow those particles to potentially become baked on inner surfaces of the outlet apertures/orifices in, for example, a polyimide high temperature adhesive bonding process.

Abstract: A nozzle plate including protruding nozzles and a method of manufacturing the nozzle plate. The nozzle plate may include a body unit and at least one nozzle protruding from the body unit. The at least one nozzle may include an exit part having a constant cross-sectional area and a damper part having a cross-sectional area that decreases in a direction toward the exit part, wherein the damper part of the at least one nozzle includes a plurality of inner wall surfaces having different angles of inclination.

Abstract: A liquid discharge recording head includes: a recording element substrate, an electric wiring board, and a supporting plate that supports the recording element substrate and the electric wiring board, with a gap formed between the recording element substrate and the electric wiring board, and a connecting member that electrically connects, across the gap, an electrode provided in the recording element substrate and an electrode terminal provided in the electric wiring board. A first resin agent that is filled in the gap, a second resin agent seals the electrode, the electrode terminal, and the connecting member, and a third resin agent that is provided between the first resin agent and the supporting plate and has a lower modulus of elasticity than the first resin agent and the second resin agent.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nozzle assembly may include the step of over molding a nozzle housing, or a portion of a nozzle housing, onto at least one nozzle component, such as an injection tube. Nozzle assemblies and flow cytometers incorporating nozzle assemblies may include any combination of straight smooth injection tubes, improved features for securing a nozzle assembly, improved features for debubbling a nozzle assembly, and aggressive orienting geometries. A method of sorting cells may include the step of magnetically coupling a nozzle assembly with a flow cytometer.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a liquid ejection head having an ejection orifice forming member in which an ejection orifice for ejecting a liquid has been formed, and a substrate having an energy-generating element for generating energy for ejecting a liquid from the ejection orifice on the side of a front surface thereof, the process includes the steps of providing a film having a support, a first layer and a second layer in this order, arranging the film on the substrate in such a manner that the second layer faces the front surface, detaching the support from the film arranged, forming the ejection orifice in the second layer, and removing at least a part of the first layer from the second layer.

Abstract: A liquid jetting apparatus includes: a channel unit formed with a plurality of nozzles and a plurality of liquid channels communicating with the nozzles; an actuator including a plurality of drive sections, which are provided to correspond to the nozzles, include a plurality of connecting terminals, and are configured to apply jetting energy to a liquid in the liquid channels; and a flexible wiring member including a plurality of connecting portions joined to the plurality of connecting terminals of the actuator and a plurality of wires connected to the connecting portions. The wiring member includes a protrusion formed by bending a portion, different from a portion formed with the connecting portions, at which at least a part of the wires are formed, to project toward a side opposite to a connecting surface for connecting with the actuator.

Abstract: A fuel injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines includes a solenoid coil; an armature acted upon in a closing direction by a restoring spring; and a valve needle, which is connected to the armature in force-locking manner and on which a valve-closure member is formed, which forms a sealing seat together with a valve seat surface. The armature strikes against a stop face of an inner pole of the solenoid coil by way of a stop face, and the armature stop face is provided with a coating. The coating has a surface structure.

Abstract: There is provided a method of improving the yield of a nozzle plate fabrication process, the method comprising determining a variation in the size of nozzles in a nozzle plate from a predetermined size or range of sizes for the nozzles, the nozzles in the nozzle plate having been fabricated using a plurality of mandrels, each mandrel defining a respective nozzle in the nozzle plate and determining modifications to the size of one or more mandrels in the plurality of mandrels to compensate for the determined variation in the size of nozzles in the nozzle plate.

Abstract: An ink jet print head including a plurality of standoff layer supports in an interstitial region between adjacent piezoelectric elements, and method of formation. The plurality of standoff layer supports can be formed from the same layer(s) as the piezoelectric elements, or from a dielectric layer such as a polymer. The standoff layer supports increase an area to which a standoff layer can be attached, thereby forming a more secure attachment of a circuit layer such as a flex circuit or a printed circuit board to a jet stack subassembly.

Abstract: A printhead die is provided that includes a substrate and a slot extending through the substrate, the slot including a first slot segment and a discrete second slot segment, the second slot segment being offset from the first slot segment along a major axis and along an orthogonal minor axis.

Abstract: A method of producing an electromechanical transducer includes a first step of partially modifying a surface of a first electrode; a second step of applying a sol-gel liquid including a metal composite oxide to a predetermined area of the partially-modified surface of the first electrode; a third step of performing drying, thermal decomposition, and crystallization on the applied sol-gel liquid to form an electromechanical transduction film, wherein the drying includes a heat-treatment at 120° C., the decomposition includes thermal decomposition performed at 500° C., and the crystallization includes heat treatment for crystallization at 700° C.; a fourth step of repeating the first, second, and third steps to obtain the electromechanical transduction film with a desired thickness; and a fifth step of forming a second electrode on the electromechanical transduction film.

Abstract: A method for producing an inkjet printhead that includes aligning and stacking together an aperture plate and a plurality of jetstack plates; bonding together the aperture plate and plurality of jetstack plates; after the bonding step, depositing a layer of coating material to a surface of the aperture plate by inkjet printing to form a coating on at least a portion of the surface of an outlet surface of the aperture plate; and curing the layer of coating material to form a cured coating. The method may also include forming a second cured coating.

Abstract: Methods and systems of ejecting ink drops from an inkjet printer are disclosed. The methods and systems can include a printhead with one or more stepped nozzles each with an associated entrance diameter and exit diameter. Ink can be received into the printhead and formed into ink drops in the stepped nozzles. The ink drops can each have an associated drop mass and drop speed. The stepped nozzles can be provided such that the exit diameter can independently dictate the drop mass and the entrance diameter can independently dictate the drop speed. As such, the complexity of jet design optimization is reduced.

Abstract: An orifice structure for a fluid ejection device includes a surface, an orifice formed through the surface, a first region of the surface projecting from the orifice, and a second region of the surface surrounding the first region, with the first region having a first surface energy, and the second region having a second surface energy higher than the first surface energy.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejection head, including: a substrate including: a supply port that is a through hole for supplying liquid; an energy generating element for generating energy to be used for ejecting the liquid; a first film that covers the energy generating element; and a second film formed on the first film; and a flow path forming member bonded to the substrate, for forming a flow path for supplying the liquid supplied from the supply port to an ejection orifice, in which when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate, an end portion of the first film extends inwardly from an opening edge of the supply port, and an end portion of the second film is located between the opening edge of the supply port and the end portion of the first film.

Abstract: Micro-fluid ejection devices, methods for making a micro-fluid ejection device, and methods for reducing a size of a substrate for a micro-fluid ejection head. One such micro-fluid ejection device has a polymeric layer adjacent a substrate and at least one conductive layer embedded in the polymeric layer. The polymeric layer comprises at least two layers of polymeric material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid cartridge for recycling includes a preparing step and a first step. The preparing step prepares the liquid cartridge for recycling. The liquid cartridge for recycling includes a liquid accommodating portion, a flowing path, a stopper, and a valve. The first step includes a first insertion step, a first valve open step, a first injection step, a first valve close step, a first removal step, and a first mounting step. The first insertion step inserts an injection member into the stopper. The first injection step injects the liquid into the liquid accommodating portion through the injection member, after the first insertion step and the first valve open step. The first removal step removes the stopper from the opening while the valve is maintained in the closed position after the first valve close step. The first mounting step mounts a new stopper.

Abstract: Among other things, a printhead is formed by actions that include providing a body of silicon material, forming in the body of silicon material at least a portion of a flow path in which fluid is to be pressurized, and forming in the body of silicon material at least a portion of a deaerator partition between a first region and a second region that are connected by a passageway. The deaerator partition is configured to remove gases or bubbles from the fluid. The first region is to be characterized by a first air pressure and the second region is to be characterized by an air pressure different for the first air pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic accumulator includes an accumulator housing defining a gas reservoir and a liquid volume. A flexible membrane is positioned within the accumulator housing and separates the gas reservoir and the liquid volume. A flow control screen defines a wall of the accumulator housing, has a screen thickness, and includes an exterior face opposing a membrane engagement face. A first slot is formed through the exterior face and has a first slot depth that is less than the screen thickness. A second slot is formed through the membrane engagement face and has a second slot depth that is less than the screen thickness. The first slot and the second slot intersect to fluidly connect an exterior of the accumulator housing with the liquid volume.

Abstract: A structure and method including a filter assembly, wherein the structure can be an ink jet printhead including the filter assembly. The filter assembly can include a first filter layer having a plurality of pores therein, wherein the pores have a first pitch, and a second filter layer having a plurality of pores therein, wherein the pores in the second filter layer have a second pitch which is different than the first pitch. The structure can include a fluid path through the filter assembly. An area of overlap of the pores in the first filter layer with the pores in the second filter layer, in a vertical direction perpendicular to a plane of the filter assembly, can include a periodicity.

Abstract: A thermal bubble jetting device including a substrate. A superoleophobic, textured surface is positioned on the substrate. The textured surface comprises one or more gaps configured for holding a gas. A receptacle is positioned in fluid communication with the textured surface. Both an inlet and nozzle are in fluid communication with the receptacle. The device includes a heater mechanism configured to expand a gas in the one or more gaps so as to sufficiently increase pressure in the receptacle to force liquid through the nozzle.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a substrate for liquid ejection head including an ejection energy generating element and a nozzle layer including an ejection port and a liquid channel. The method includes the steps of: forming, on the substrate including the element, a metal mold member made of metal and having a flat surface, the metal mold member making up at least a part of a mold for the liquid channel, and a planarization layer made of the metal and having a flat surface to planarize a surface of the nozzle layer; coating the mold for the liquid channel and the planarization layer with negative-type photosensitive resin, thus forming a negative-type photosensitive resin layer to be the nozzle layer; exposing the resin layer to ultraviolet rays, thus forming the ejection port; and selectively removing the mold for the liquid channel, thus forming the liquid channel.

Abstract: An inkjet head manufacturing method includes the following steps. Firstly, a multilayered structure with a plurality of microstructure layers is provided. The alignment check holes of the microstructure layers are concentric and have different diameters. Then, the microstructure layers are stacked together and the microstructure layers are aligned with each other according to the concentric and different-diameter alignment check holes, wherein a dry film layer is sandwiched between every two adjacent microstructure layers. The preset slots of the microstructure layers are collectively defined as inlet flow channels, ink chambers, pressure cavities and outlet flow channels. Then, the multilayered structure is assembled and positioned through the dry film layers by a thermal compression process. Then, a cutting knife is used to linearly cut the actuator plate over a spacer between every two adjacent pressure cavities and along a path parallel with rims of the pressure cavities.

Abstract: A recording head includes flange portions to which spacers are anchored on both sides of the recording head with a head case therebetween. Spacer attachment holes are provided in the flange portions in the center of the width direction orthogonal to a nozzle row in the recording head, and a round hole and an oblong hole relative to the spacers are provided in the flange portions in positions that are distanced from a center line in the width direction. Positioning holes for the flange portions are provided in the spacers in positions that correspond to the round hole and the oblong hole in the flange portions, and the spacers are anchored to the flange portions on both sides so as to be oriented symmetrically to each other, in a positioned state in which the positions of the positioning holes are aligned with the round hole and the oblong hole.

Abstract: An apparatus has a first plate having a first array of holes, with a first plate alignment hole having a smaller size than the other holes in the array, a second plate having a second array of holes to be alignable to the first array of holes, a second plate alignment hole having a smaller size than the other holes in the array, and the first plate alignment hole and the second plate alignment hole having different positions. A method of aligning plates provides a first plate having a top and bottom and first array of holes including a first plate alignment hole having a size smaller than the other holes in the first array, places a second plate having a second array of holes on the top of the first plate such that the first array of holes and the second array of holes align, directs light at the bottom of the first plate, locates a profile of the first plate alignment hole in the second array of holes to verify alignment.

Abstract: A method for forming a print head having a plurality of reentrant structures to reduce wetting of the print head surface by the ink during use, and a resulting structure. The method can include the use of a single photosensitive layer to form plurality of reentrant structures, each having a pillar and a cap which overhangs the pillar. A plurality of print head nozzles can also be formed during the formation of the reentrant structures. Embodiments can include the formation of pillars, caps, and nozzles using three different masks, two different masks, or a single mask.

Abstract: Actuator ink chamber systems and methods of making the same and ink jet printheads. The actuator ink chamber systems and ink jet print heads having an ink chamber with a low-adhesion coating applied on at least one portion of the inner surface of the ink chamber to reduce or eliminate actuator membrane damage during ink freeze/thaw cycles.

Abstract: A method of making an electronic droplet discharge head includes positioning a channel forming member and an actuator unit. The channel forming member includes a liquid chamber which communicates with a discharge port. The liquid chamber has an opening to a surface of the channel forming member. The actuator unit includes an electrode and applies discharge energy to liquid contained in the liquid chamber. The positioning method includes acquiring a position of a centroid of the liquid chamber in the surface direction based on an image of the opening; acquiring a position of a centroid of the electrode based on an image of the electrode; and positioning the channel forming member and the actuator unit based on the position of the centroids so that the liquid chamber and the electrode have a positional relationship to the surface direction.

Abstract: Approaches to remove objects from ink in an ink jet printer are described. An object separator for an ink jet printer includes one or more inlets configured to allow passage of ink that includes objects such as bubbles and particles into the object separator. The object separator has a number of stacked plates. Some of the plates have curved channels which are connected through other plates that include vias. The plates are arranged to form at least one cyclonic flow generator, the cyclonic flow generator configured to focus the objects into one or more focused flow streams. The object separator includes one or more object outlets that allow objects to exit the object separator and at least one ink outlet that allows the ink to exit the object separator.

Abstract: An inkjet print head includes a jet assembly, a printed-circuit board and a barrier coating film. The jet assembly includes a nozzle plate including a jet orifice in a lower surface of the nozzle plate and through which ink is discharged, and an ink transfer pathway inside nozzle plate. The printed-circuit board is combined with the jet assembly. The printed-circuit board includes an integrated circuit and a connection electrode. The barrier coating film includes organic material, a flexible layer and a hydrophobic layer. The barrier coating film covers an inner and an outer surface of the jet assembly, and an outer surface of the printed-circuit board. The barrier coating film exposes the lower surface of the nozzle plate and an outer surface of the connection electrode.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a liquid ejection head provided with a flow passage communicating with an ejection outlet for ejecting liquid includes steps of preparing a substrate on which a flow passage wall forming member for forming a part of a wall of the flow passage and a solid layer having a shape of a part of the flow passage contact each other, wherein the flow passage wall forming member has a height, from a surface of the substrate, substantially equal to that of the solid layer; providing on the solid layer a pattern having a shape of another part of the flow passage; providing a coating layer, for forming another part of the wall of the flow passage, so as to coat the pattern; providing the ejection outlet to the coating layer; and forming the flow passage by removing the solid layer and the pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an ink jet printhead which comprises: (a) providing a diaphragm plate having a plurality of piezoelectric transducers bonded thereto; (b) aligning an electrical circuit board having a fill joint with the piezoelectric transducers and temporarily attaching the electrical circuit board to the piezoelectric transducers, thereby creating a layered structure having interstitial spaces between the diaphragm plate, the piezoelectric transducers, and the electrical circuit board; (c) applying a thermoset polymer through the fill joint and allowing it to fill the interstitial spaces via capillary action; and (d) curing the thermoset polymer to form an interstitial polymer layer.

Abstract: A printhead and methods for forming the printhead are provided. The printhead includes an additively manufactured printhead structure having multiple sintered material layers that correspond to discrete cross-sectional regions of the printhead structure, where each of the sintered material layers is integrally bonded to at least one other sintered material layer. The printhead further includes a polymer layer attached to a surface of the printhead structure, and the printhead structure includes one or more channels for flowing ink through the printhead structure, the one or more channels forming openings on at least one surface of the printhead structure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for heating a printer jet stack. The apparatus includes a first layer and a second layer disposed generally parallel to the first layer. The apparatus also includes a heating layer including a thermal epoxy configured to generate heat when an electrical current is applied thereto. The heating layer is disposed between and bonds together the first layer and the second layer.

Abstract: In the case where a slit is provided in a projection portion of an outlet plate, patterning property of a slit can be improved, and a desired slit can be formed. The present invention is a manufacturing method of a liquid ejection head including a substrate; an ejection outlet plate; a channel; and the supply ports formed between the substrate and the ejection outlet plate by joining of the ejection outlet plate onto the substrate; and a projection portion having a slit at a position facing the supply port of the ejection outlet plate, the method including the steps of: forming a first member on the substrate; forming a mold material for forming the slit between first member on the substrate; forming a second member serving as the ejection outlet plate on the mold material; forming the projection portion by removing the mold material.

Abstract: A method of refilling ink in an ink cartridge includes refilling the ink in the ink cartridge from a position at which a translucent part is provided in the ink cartridge, with the translucent part being used to optically detect an amount of the ink held in the ink cartridge.

Abstract: Systems, methods and structures for remanufacturing inkjet printer cartridges and inkjet printer print heads by removing the print head and adhesive holding the print head to a used inkjet printer cartridge, preparing the cartridge housing for a new print head by routing out the used print head and used adhesive to create a new mounting surface for new adhesive and a new print head, placing the adhesive and new print head on the new mounting surface, curing the adhesive and assembling a re-manufactured cartridge from the cartridge housing having a new print head positioned thereon.

Abstract: A method of assembling an inkjet printhead, the method comprising the steps of providing a die mount substrate including a die mount surface, an ink receiving surface, a first end wall having a latchable projection and a second end wall having an extension; providing a printhead die including at least one nozzle array and a plurality of bond pads; attaching the printhead die to the die mount surface of the die mount substrate; providing a wiring member; adhering a portion of the wiring member to the die mount surface of the die mount substrate; electrically interconnecting the wiring member to the bond pads of the printhead die; providing a printhead frame including an ink delivery surface, a latch and a bracket; inserting the extension from the second end wall of the die mount substrate into the bracket; providing a sealing member between the ink receiving surface and the ink delivery surface; and closing the latch to engage the latchable projection of the die mount substrate.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a recording element substrate including an energy generation element for generating energy used to discharge a liquid and a terminal electrically connected to the energy generation element, and an electric wiring board including an electrode electrically connected to the terminal via a wire to transmit an electric signal supplied from outside to the energy generation element, wherein the terminal has an area twice or more larger than a contact area between the terminal and the wire and the electrode has an area twice or more larger than a contact area between the electrode and the wire.

Abstract: A method of forming a structure such as a print head or a printer including the print head having a flex circuit with a plurality of deformed (i.e., contoured, shaped, or embossed) conductive flexible printed circuit (flex circuit) pads. A plurality of flex circuit pads can be aligned with a plurality of piezoelectric elements of an ink jet print head. Within a press such as a stack press, pressure can be applied to deform the plurality of flex circuit pads and to establish electrical contact between the plurality of flex circuit pads and the plurality of piezoelectric elements. Deforming the plurality of flex circuit pads in situ during the press operation can reduce costs by eliminating a separate embossing stage performed during the manufacture or formation of the flex circuit.

Abstract: An inkjet head including: a head chip having; driving walls composed of piezoelectric element, wherein shear deformation is caused by applying voltage so as to jet ink, ink containing channels arranged alongside the driving walls alternatively, outlet and inlet ports respectively provided on a front and rear surface of the head chip for each channel, driving electrodes formed on surfaces of the driving walls to apply voltage to the driving walls, and connection electrodes formed on the rear surface of the head chip to connect the driving electrodes electrically; a wiring substrate, wherein wiring electrodes are formed to apply voltage to the driving electrode through the connection electrode, bonded on the rear surface of the head chip to protrude from the head chip in a direction perpendicular to a direction of a channel array exposing all the channels at the rear surface of the head chip.

Abstract: A method for forming a print head having a plurality of reentrant structures to reduce wetting of the print head surface by the ink during use, and a resulting structure. The method can include the use of a single photosensitive layer to form plurality of reentrant structures, each having a pillar and a cap which overhangs the pillar. A plurality of print head nozzles can also be formed during the formation of the reentrant structures. Embodiments can include the formation of pillars, caps, and nozzles using three different masks, two different masks, or a single mask.

Abstract: A throttle body fuel injection system and method that is arranged to easily replace four-barrel carburetors includes a throttle body assembly with four main bores, each with a throttle plate and an associated fuel injector. Each injector feeds fuel into a circular fuel distribution ring via a fuel injection conduit, which introduces pressurized fuel into the air stream. The fuel distribution rings and bores have profiles that avoid constrictions for to prevent low pressure zones according to the Venturi effect. Fuel is injected through downward-facing outlets at or near the bottom end of the rings. The fuel injection rings are two-piece, each formed of an insert pressed into an outer housing. The insert includes axial grooves intervaled about its exterior circumference of insert that are joined by a circumferential groove formed about the insert. The grooves are in fluid communication with a conduit that supplies fuel from a fuel injector.

Abstract: The liquid ejection head for ejecting liquid from nozzles includes: pressure chambers connecting to the nozzles; a common liquid chamber which is connected to the pressure chambers, is arranged across the pressure chambers from the nozzles, and is defined by at least a multi-layer wiring substrate which has a recess-shaped structure including a base section forming one of a ceiling and a floor of the common liquid chamber and a projecting section forming a side wall of the common liquid chamber; electrical wires which are formed at least partially inside the multi-layer wiring substrate; and a connection electrode which is provided in a top of the projecting section of the multi-layer wiring substrate.

Abstract: A fluid-ejection assembly includes a die, a substrate, ribs, and adhesive. The die has nozzles through which fluid is ejected. The substrate provides the fluid to the die. The ribs are within the substrate, and have rounded corners. The rounded corners are adapted to provide a predetermined characteristic. The adhesive affixes the die to the substrate.

Abstract: A fluid ejection apparatus includes a substrate having a plurality of fluid passages for fluid flow and a plurality of nozzles fluidically connected to the fluid passages, a plurality of actuators positioned on top of the substrate to cause fluid in the plurality of fluid passages to be ejected from the plurality of nozzles, a housing component with a descending portion that projects down to the substrate, an integrated circuit chip supported on the substrate, a potting barrier secured to the housing component and positioned between the integrated circuit chip and the actuators, and a potting material between the integrated circuit chip and the barrier.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid discharge head including: a discharge port that serves to discharge a liquid; a discharge energy generating element that generates energy used to discharge the liquid; a foam chamber that houses the discharge energy generating element and is communicated with the discharge port; and a flow channel that is communicated with the foam chamber and serves to supply the liquid to the foam chamber. An inclined surface is formed between: a side wall of the foam chamber on a side opposite to the flow channel; and a surface of the foam chamber on which the discharge port is formed, and the inclined surface is inclined to a plane on which the discharge energy generating element is formed.