Abstract: A cogeneration system utilizing a liquid cooled prime mover for on-site generation of electrical and thermal energy. A radiant heat retardant material surrounds the prime mover to prevent its cooling through radiation whereby the heat otherwise radiated is absorbed by the coolant for extraction by a heat exchanger.

Abstract: Utility charges associated with peak electrical power demands constitute an increasing portion of utility bills associated with large commercial consumers of electricity. The instant invention provides an apparatus for reducing the peak electrical demand of a predetermined user operational unit from an electrical power distribution network by controllably operating at least one secondary electrical generator associated with the operational unit in parallel with the utility power distribution network. The secondary electrical generator includes a switch for connecting the generator in parallel with the utility network in response to receiving a transfer command signal. A transducer senses the actual peak power demand of the operational unit from the utility network and produces a demand signal having a value responsive to the sensed actual peak power demand. A memory element controllably stores a plurality of control parameters including a demand setpoint value.

Abstract: The invention is a cogeneration system which utilizes an open cycle air-conditioner in conjunction with an internal combustion engine, a generator, an exhaust heat recovery unit, a hot water heat exchanger, a circulating pump, a load dump heat exchanger and an electrical sensing circuit to enable a single fuel source to produce electricity, hot water, and air-conditioned (cooled or heated) air. In addition to running as a stand alone unit, the system can be used to operate in conjunction with existing electrical utilities. The system can float around the electrical or thermal demand of the facility and adjust itself to the needs of the facility. The system is thermally controlled and electrically controlled, based on need.

Abstract: A turbine generator includes a plurality of spaced and parallel, transverse webs interconnected by plates to define an integral generator housing-base. Each transverse web in the generator section thereof includes a central, circular opening through which the generator rotor extends, and a plurality of apertures extending about the opening. Each transverse web further includes a walkway flange which, in association with the plates, forms a walkway, and also includes a superstructure lattice at the top thereof for supporting air cooling structure. A turbine is bolted to the integral generator housing-base, and is coupled to the generator rotor. Due to the integral generator housing-base, resonant vibrations of the base portion thereof at the generator operating frequency and at twice the generator operating frequency are eliminated, the weight and size of the turbine generator are reduced, and the turbine generator has greater structural integrity and rigidity.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for generating thermal and electrical energy outputs in response to thermal and electrical load requirements imposed thereon. The apparatus includes a variable speed power source and a mechanism for transferring thermal energy from the power source a coolant fluid. A generator is also provided and is driven by the power source to produce electrical energy for the electrical load. The output frequency of the generator is independent of the speed of the power source. A mechanism is also provided for extracting thermal energy from the coolant fluid and directing the thermal energy to the thermal load. Finally, a device is included for monitoring the loads and controlling the thermal and electrical outputs in response to the loads by independently varying the speed of the power source and the output frequency of the generator to provided desired thermal and electrical energy outputs.

Abstract: A power system for providing an uninterrupitible power supply comprising a first generator connected to a primary external load, a second generator connected to a secondary external load, and a prime mover connected to said first and second generators by a common shaft. The first generator is electrically isolated from the secondary external load. The prime mover is an internal combustion engine that supplies rotational movement to the common shaft. The secondary external load is an electrical utility. A thermal recovery system is connected to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The purpose of the Wicks Efficient Fuel Utilization System (WEFUS) is to produce electric energy and heat simultaneously in a fuel conserving and cost effective manner. WEFUS is a new and novel system that combines the fuel conserving technique of cogeneration with the fuel conserving technique of condensing heating so that the resulting combined system has an additional fuel conservation benefit relative to a system that uses only one of these fuel conserving techniques.The internal components are all conventional and include an internal combustion engine (15), an electric induction machine (17), a fan (18), a high temperature heat exchanger (20), a low temperature condensing heat exchanger (21), along with a controller (14), that controls the position of a solenoid controlled fuel valve (11) and a solenoid controlled electric breaker (13) in response to a signal from a thermostat (27) and conditional to signals from an electric power sensor (25) and unsafe condition sensors.

Abstract: Subject of the invention is a process for the realization of cogenerative supply of electricity and heat, and in given case for their combination with waste heat recovery, particularly in case of combined (gas-steam) cycle industrial power plants.The essential feature of the invention is that during the season without heat demand the condenser with heating capacity N is operated by cooling with cooling tower, and during the heat-intensive season it is operated at a higher temperature required for the heat supplying operation mode, while the cooling tower (7) is disconnected partially or completely, and the resultant reduction of the specific expansion and heating capacity of the steam turbine (4) is compensated by increasing the steam parameters and steam output of the waste heat recovery boiler (3) with supplementary firing (11).

Abstract: A co-generation plant module system having a fluid tight housing with an internal chamber formed by a top wall, a bottom wall and side walls. A prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine, has its drive shaft connected to an electricity generator and both of these components are mounted on a sub-frame that would allow them to be raised up out of the internal chamber for servicing. An exhaust gas heat exchanger is mounted in the chamber and this is connected to the internal combustion engine. Air and fuel are supplied from outside the housing to the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas leaving the exhaust gas exchanger is vented to the outside of the housing. The electricity generated by the generator is also connected to the outside of the housing. A layer of insulation of a predetermined R value insulates the walls of the housing.

Abstract: An auxiliary drive system for a waste heat recovery system driven alterna having a rotor, comprises a hydraulic drive means for driving the alternator rotor and means for engaging and disengaging the hydraulic drive means and the alternator rotor. The hydraulic drive means and the alternator rotor are engaged for the hydraulic drive means to drive the alternator rotor and disengaged when the alternator rotor speed is marginally above a predetermined speed.

Abstract: The invention concerns an energy converter, comprising a boiler, a turbine (11), a condenser, a feed pump (16) and a generator (17) and, if required, a recuperator and a pre-feeding pump. The thermal energy to be supplied to the boiler has been arranged to maintain a Rankine process driving the generator (17) and thus to produce electricity. The turbine (11), the generator (17) and the feed pump (16) have a joint rotor shaft (36). The rotor (36) is rotatably carried with gas-dynamic bearings (24) utilizing the circulating fluid's vapor. The lower surface of the rotor (21) of the turbine (11) has been disposed to serve as one abutment surface of a gas-static thrust bearing (22). The gas-dynamic bearings (24) are bearings of tilting pad type.

Abstract: A modular power plant comprises an internal combustion engine coupled to an electrical machine. The electrical machine may be used to start the engine and to generate electrical energy. The power plant is provided with an electronic control and protection system comprising an electronic processing and control unit arranged to operate in a first mode when the power plant is used alone, and in a second mode when the power plant is used together in a coordinated manner in an installation comprising a further n power plants. In this second mode of operation the processing and control unit may act as a master unit for controlling and coordinating the operation of the processing and control units of the other n power plants in a predetermined manner, or as a slave unit controlled by another control and processing unit of one of the other n power plants. Means are provided for assigning the roll of master unit to one of the control and processing units of the n+1 power plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to external combustion engines and more precisely to motors using the Stirling cycle designed to directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy.In accordance with the invention, this transformation is carried out inside a machine which is completely sealed, without a mechanical connection with the outside, in which the power piston drives the moveable part of an electrical generator. In accordance with one preferred embodiment, this electrical generator is a linear alternator. In accordance with a further original feature of the invention, control of the coupling between the displacing piston and the power piston is carried out by using electronic regulation.

Abstract: A cogeneration plant for a site having an expected daily thermal load. In one embodiment, the plant includes a heat engine/electrical power generator set and a heat storage unit. The engine/generator set is sized to normally operate only during the peak rate period of the central electric service utility while rejecting a quantity of heat equal to the daily thermal load at the site. The storage unit is sized to contain a quantity of heat equal to the daily thermal load reduced by that portion of the daily load incurred during the peak rate period. In another embodiment, the cogeneration plant includes a fuel cell electrical power generator serving a local energy-integrated community. The fuel cell is sized to reject a quantity of heat to satisfy the collective average daily thermal load at the community site. Separate thermal storage sections are provided for high and low grade rejected heat.

Abstract: The invention describes a process wherein high-purity hydrogen and oxygen gases can be economically produced via a water electrolysis method, utilizing cheap energy recovered from an incineration process of industrial, municipal, agricultural and other waste materials in a fluidized-bed incinerator. In the said process combustible solid and/or liquid wastes with high energy content are exploited to supply the energy required to incinerate and decompose other solid or liquid wastes with lower or no energy content. Also the process provides a method wherein any solid, liquid or gaseous emissions or effluents from the process are effectively trapped, controlled and converted to environmentally acceptable, inert and harmless products. Also the process includes an energy recovery system such that the thermal energy from the incineration is used to produce steam and generate electricity required for all operations in the process including the production of oxygen.

Abstract: A power supply system for generating at least one of heat and electricity which includes a number of statically and functionally independent units adapted to generate at least one of heat and electricity which enable a maximum utilization of primary energy. For decentralized power supply over short and low loss supply lines the individual units are constructed as stackable modules. By exchanging or adding one or more modules, it is possible to adapt the flexibility of the power supply system to changes in demand for the energy thereby providing a practical approach to the utilization of waste heat for energy conservation purposes.

Abstract: The invention provides a turbocharger (20), compressor (170) and turbine (172) rotors mounted on a shaft (160) supported by ball bearing assemblies (162, 164) such that the compressor rotor (172) and turbine rotor (170) are overhung to one side of the bearing assemblies with the turbine rotor separated from the bearing assemblies by the compressor rotor. The turbocharger (20) includes a turbine nozzle area (230) having a plurality of nozzle vanes (234) spaced circumferentially about the turbine rotor and in the nozzle area through which exhaust air from the engine is received into the turbine. A control linkage (228) is positioned intermediate of the compressor rotor and turbine rotor and controls the position of the nozzle vanes to vary the flow of exhaust gases to the tubine rotor. A concentrically positioned cylindrical module (60) is supported within the compressor inlet by struts (62) extending from the inlet wall (64) to the module (60) thereby dividing the inlet into more than one inlet passage.

Abstract: A hydraulic driven electric generator and air conditioning system for simultaneously generating controlled quality electrical power and producing air conditioning in a desired area has a variable displacement hydraulic pump for pumping a hydraulic fluid is driven by a prime engine means. The pump is hydraulically connected to a fixed displacement hydraulic motor which is powered by the fluid flow. The first motor drives an electrical generator means for generating electricity having a rotating blower fan mounted within a generator housing. A second hydraulic motor is hydraulically connected to the output of the first motor and is used to provide power to an air conditioning means. Means monitoring the passage of blower teeth of the rotating blower fan produces an electric output responsive to changes detected in the rotation of the blower fan.

Abstract: In a power control for a turbo-generator, the acceleration power of the difference between the mechanical power supplied to the turbo-generator set and the power delivered by it is determined and, if the supplied power preponderates, a correction signal directed toward closing control valves is fed to the power control by means of a valve positioning controller, Thereby, the power control need not be disconnected in the event of disturbances such as load shedding and network short circuit, but can practically remain engaged continuously.

Abstract: A combined cycle electric power plant includes in interconnected relationship a steam turbine, two gas turbines, three electric generators, two heat recovery steam generators, a hybrid computer control system, a plant protection system and various items of auxiliary equipment. A computerized simulator is interfaced with the control system at the factory site to test the controls and the control system is then modularly disassembled in various structures and shipped to the field site for reassembly without need for extensive field testing. The control system includes a digital control computer, a digital monitor computer and modular analog controls for the turbines. Various levels of automated control can be employed including coordinated plant control which involves supervisory operation of the analog controls by the control computer. In analog control, complete plant operation is produced by operation of the analog controls without the control computer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an incinerator and fume separator device and a method for burning such materials as refuse, tire chips and sewage sludge or combinations thereof as well as other combustible materials to generate steam to supply steam heat and/or electricity to towns, villages or individual establishments. One of the key features of the system is the use of a horizontal conduit, wherein gases are initially cooled by a water-cooled conduit, part of the particulate material being removed within this tubing by use of baffles and fly ash settling chambers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating heat and electricity for domestic use including generating hot air heat and steam heat, and utilizing the steam to operate a turbine/generator. When the generator's output reaches a predetermined level, the electricity coming from outside the building is disconnected, and the generator supplies at least a portion of the building's needs or feeds electricity back into the power grid.

Abstract: An electric heating apparatus for heating the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, such as an automobile, having an internal combustion engine driving an electric power generator for charging a battery supplying power to electrical equipment on the vehicle includes a control system permitting actuation of the apparatus only when the engine reaches a predetermined rotational speed above which the generator is able to generate power. The air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine is regulated by a rotational speed control means in accordance with a control signal produced by a control circuit responsive to a temperature sensor detecting that the engine temperature is below a predetermined level and a voltage sensor detecting that the voltage produced at the neutral terminal of the power generator is higher than a predetermined value to increase the rotational speed of the engine and thereby the power generated by the power generator.

Abstract: Steam generation means in a closed system having a pressured steam boiler positioned within a closed heated feed water chamber. The steam generated in the boiler is used to drive a turbine and an associated electrical generator whose output augments the outside primary source of electrical power which is fed to one or more electrical resistance units located in the boiler. The exhaust steam from the turbine at reduced pressure is used to supply heat in any closed steam consuming device such as a space heating system. The condensate is returned to the feed water chamber where it is held in preheated condition ready to be pumped into the boiler to maintain the boiler water level. The efficiency of the system is substantially increased by having means for raising the temperature of the turbine and turbine housing thereby to lessen the temperature drop of the steam entering and leaving the turbine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing the waste heat energy of an internal combustion engine in which a turbine is driven by the exhaust gases from the engine and drives an electrical generator. In order to permit a direct coupling between the turbine and the generator and to utilize completely the electrical energy recoverable from the waste heat energy, the generator is a synchronous machine with a non-wound rotor, the generator being connected via an electrical converter to an electric motor which is drivingly coupled to the internal combustion engine to relieve the load therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating electricity from a generator driven by the flow of fluid flowing from a fluid producing well. A fluid driven motor is positioned in the pipeline adjacent to or above the well head such that the fluid passes through the motor to turn the motor shaft to drive the generator. By controlling the electrical load connected to the generator, the force required to drive the motor and thereby the pressure reduction across the motor can be controlled. The electricity produced by the generator may be used to heat the fluid in the pipe to prevent freezing of the fluid. The electricity can be utilized to heat the emulsion in an emulsion separator dehydrator for separating gas, water, and oil prior to its introduction into the pipeline. Separate motor may be utilized for gaseous fluid and liquids. Where the well produces both gas and liquid a separator is employed to separate the gas and liquid.

Abstract: A fluid stream is treated with at least one scale inducing agent prior to being passed through an engine having sweeping elements which limit the thickness of scale deposits therein to improve the efficiency with which the engine utilizes the energy contained within the fluid stream.

Abstract: Thermodynamic unit comprised of a pair of vessels which alternately raise and lower pressure in thermodynamic fluid is connected in a closed system to an engine, which utilizes the fluid in its gas phase, with the vessel raising pressure having a gas outlet connected to the engine and with exhaust therefrom being connected to the vessel lowering the fluid pressure. The vessels are alternately heated and cooled so that each alternately acts as a fluid pressure raising and lowering vessel, and each operates at the function opposite from the other vessel. Heat for the pressure raising vessel is any conventional terrestrially available heat source such as nuclear, geothermal, waste heat, electrical, solar, fossil fuel, and the like. The pressure lowering vessel delivers its heat to any conventional terrestrial sink. The gas engine is preferably a turbine, but may be another conventional gas-expanding engine.

Abstract: An expander driven by waste heat fluid is operatively connected to a synchronous or induction generator. A brake/clutch controller selectively connects the power recovery string to an eddy current brake/flywheel in order to maintain line frequency and control speed during normal conditions and to minimize acceleration of the string during a load dump.

Abstract: A liquid-to-liquid heat pump is utilized for supplying sufficient heat to generate steam from the condensate of a steam turbine. A liquid coolant is circulated through the condenser of the steam turbine for absorption of heat from the steam as the steam forms condensate. The liquid coolant is then circulated through the heat pump for recovery of the heat absorbed by the coolant during condensation of the steam. Sufficient transferred heat is transferred to the coolant to permit the heat pump to extract sufficient heat from the coolant to regenerate steam from the condensate. The transferred heat is supplied by a plurality of heat sinks buried in the earth to a sufficient depth so as to be in heat exchange relationship with the subterranean water system of the earth.

Abstract: An energy recovery system for a diesel electric locomotive is disclosed. The energy recovery system captures and stores the waste heat generated by the diesel engine of the diesel electric locomotive for use at a remote location at a later time. The energy recovery system also converts the electricity generated by the diesel electric locomotive during dynamic braking into heat, and captures and stores this heat for use at a remote location at a later time.

Abstract: A drive unit for a compressor which is used in a heat pump. The drive unit includes a fuel-injection internal combustion engine which is coupled with the compressor and a starter associated with said engine and is fed from multiphase electric power supply lines. The starter is connected to the electric power supply by means of a switch. The starter is constructed as an electromagnetic drive motor having a stator and a rotor secured to the engine crankshaft and serving at least partly as a flywheel. The coil windings on the stator are fed current from the power source.

Abstract: A closed loop vortex tube system having a vortex tube, a hot side loop and heat exchanger, a cold side loop and heat exchanger, a working fluid, and a start-up compressor. The hot side loop and cold side loop combine past the heat exchanger at an inlet on the vortex tube. Electrical generating means, transmission means, or distilling means are provided for deriving work from the hot side heat exchanger.A method of operating a closed loop vortex tube system by providing a moving stream of working fluid to a vortex tube, heat exchanging the cold side output with a fluid which is warm relative to it, heat exchanging the hot side working fluid with a fluid which is cool relative to it, combining the two heat exchanged working fluids and reintroducing them to the vortex tube, and deriving a work output from the hot side heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heating power plant and a process for operating the power plant with the power plant containing a thermal power installation for producing mechanical motive energy for driving an energy supply device as well as waste heat which may be utlized for heating purposes in the power plant. The thermal power installation may be shut down or operated at slight partial loads during periods of low energy needs with hydrogen being introduced into a metal hydride storage device which is capable of absorbing hydrogen. At times of higher energy need the thermal power installation is kept in operation under greater load conditions and hydrogen is removed from a metal hydride storage device which is capable of releasing such hydrogen. The release enthalpy required for releasing the hydrogen is provided by waste heat from the thermal power installation or by ambient air.

Abstract: A mover is provided having a housing and an element movable in the housing. Container means accommodates the gas which is heated under the action of a surrounding medium. The thus-heated gas is fed into the housing of the mover from the container means and expands in the housing so as to move the movable element. At the same time, the expanded gas is cooled and partially condensed. Then, a new portion of the gas is supplied into an opposite part of the housing and moves the movable element in an opposite direction. Thus, the gas, cooled and partially condensed in the previous step, is expelled from the housing of the mover and travels back into the container means wherein it is again heated under the action of the surrounding medium.

Abstract: A power-generating installation comprises a plurality of modular power plants each comprised of an internal combustion engine connected to an electric machine. The electric machine is used to start the engine and thereafter operates as a generator supplying power to an electrical network common to all the modular plants. The installation has a control and protection system comprising a plurality of control modules each associated with a respective plant, and a central unit passing control signals to the modules to control starting and stopping of the individual power plants. Upon the detection of abnormal operation or failure of its associated power plant, each control module transmits an alarm signal back to the central unit which thereupon stops, or prevents the starting, of the corresponding power plant. Parameters monitored by each control module include generated current and inter-winding leakage current of the electric machine.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating thermal and electrical energy includes an internal combustion engine connected to and adapted to drive a generator for providing electrical power and a brake for generating thermal energy. In one embodiment, a heat carrier flows through appropriate conduits for absorbing heat energy from the brake, from the combustion chamber of the engine, and from the engine exhaust gases and delivers the heat energy to a end-use heat exchanger, for example, a room or space heater. In a second embodiment, the engine exhaust gas flow is used to drive a gas turbine that, in turn, drives a compressor in a thermal cycle to provide additional heat transfer capability.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuel energy is converted to AC electrical energy by a new system utilized to supplement AC power for household and similar limited size loads in synchronism with existing AC utility service via pre-existing wiring between the load and the utility lines. The system has an externally excited commutator AC motor-generator driven by an internal combustion engine to provide AC power at a magnitude which is a function of the drive shaft velocity and degree of excitation. An exciter circuit provides excitation for the motor-generator to cause the generated AC power to be in phase with utility power. A load demand sensor senses current flowing through the wiring to the load, providing a control signal signifying magnitude of the current, thus measuring load power requirements. Control circuitry interconnected with the exciter circuitry and the engine is responsive to the control signal to control excitation for causing the generated supplemental power substantially to meet load requirements.

Abstract: Thermodynamic unit comprised of a pair of vessels which alternately generate and condense vapor are connected in a sealed system to drive a turbine with the vessel generating vapor having an outlet nozzle directed to the turbine and with the turbine exhaust being connected to the vessel condensing the vapor. Thermal control shutters and particular thermal radiation shutters control the alternate impingement of radiation onto the vessels so that the vessels each alternately act as vapor-generating and vapor-condensing vessel, and each operate at the function opposite from the other vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a steam turbine system which utilizes a unique heat-absorbing lens-shaped heating plate and boiler for the production of steam.

Abstract: A hollow, rotatable shaft bore heater assembly for heating a shaft from its inside to its outside. Rapid rotatable shaft heating is provided by a plurality of electrical heaters situated in slots formed on the inner surfaces of a plurality of foundation members which are insertable in the hollow shaft and are biased thereagainst by biasing structure. When assembled, the foundation members constitute a substantially cylindrical structure which has the slots formed on its inner surface and the electrical heaters are restrained within those axially extending and circumferentially separated slots by insulation disposed on the inner surface of the foundation members across the slots open mouths. The biasing structure provides biasing force between circumferentially adjacent foundation members so as to maintain contact between the shaft and foundation members during non-rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus for collecting and storing energy includes a thermal energy storage cell having a single-piece steel inner core provided with external thermal insulation. A unit for collecting and converting non-electrical energy into electrical energy, such as a solar cell unit, is connected to electrical resistance heating elements within the inner core for heating the latter to a temperature in excess of 1,000.degree. F. Heat energy stored in the inner core is transferred to a heat transfer liquid, such as synthetic oil, which is circulated through a conduit having heating coils within the inner core. The heat transfer liquid, which remains in a liquid condition when heated to a temperature in excess of 1,000.degree. F., is used in heat utilizing systems such as the heating system of a house.

Abstract: A current carrying member embedded in a brick-like member and having a wrapping comprising a flexible graphitic covering providing intimate contact with respect to the brick, also allowing the current carrying member and the brick to expand at different rates under conditions of heat while still retaining a very intimate electric contact.

Abstract: A power plant has an electrical generator driven by an internal combustion engine in which engine coolant circulates in a gas/liquid heat exchanger to take up heat from engine exhaust gases and then through a liquid/liquid heat exchanger to give up heat to a secondary water circuit, the electrical generator being cooled by a circulation of water in the secondary circuit through a surrounding cooling jacket after the water has given up heat in a heating unit.

Abstract: An electrical and thermal energy supply system for buildings is disclosed wherein electricity is generated by an engine driving a generator either inside or in close proximity to the building. Heat generated by the engine is recovered and supplied to the building. The electrical generating system is activated on demand for electricity from within the building. Optionally, the output of the generator may be used to electrically heat water or air, or both, to supplement the heat recovered from the operation of the engine. Additionally, a battery-inverter, chargeable by the generator, may be included to reduce the duty cycle of the engine. A wind powered generator may be further added to charge the battery and conserve fuel, especially in warmer time periods.

Abstract: A solar energy conversion system includes a centrally positioned tower supporting a solar receiver, and an array of pivotally mounted reflectors disposed circumferentially therearound which reflect earth incident solar radiation onto the receiver which thermally excites and photo-ionizes a working fluid to form a plasma. The plasma is accelerated and further heated through a ceramic turbo-compressor into a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator to produce direct current. The working fluid is then passed through a heat exchanger channel where the waste heat is removed by another working fluid which drives a vapor turbine connected to the ceramic turbo-compressor and an AC generator. Seed may then be removed and the working fluid is recycled in the closed cycle MHD system. The electrical power is distributed, part of it being used to electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen which are stored and allowed to exothermally recombine to drive the system during low solar radiation intervals.

Abstract: Discharge cooling water from the condenser of a steam turbine is pumped through the chiller of a refrigeration machine operating as a "heat pump" during heating duty, thus improving the efficiency thereof from that obtained when using water supplied to the chiller at a lower temperature. Evaporation of the refrigerant in the chiller removes heat from the water supplied thereto, whereby the water temperature is closer to that of the source from which it is taken for use in the turbine condenser.

Abstract: The level of primary fluid is controlled to change the effective heat transfer area of a heat exchanger utilized in a liquid metal nuclear power plant to eliminate the need for liquid metal control valves to regulate the flow of primary fluid and the temperature of the effluent secondary fluid.

Abstract: In an electric generator capable of producing surplus electrical energy at certain periods, that improvement which comprises utilizing the surplus electrical energy to directly heat an electricity conducting heat storing magma, the magma having passages therethrough for the selective reception of water producing steam during high demand or low energy producing periods to increase the total production of electrical energy.

Abstract: A complete system for installation within a house, and which heats the house in winter, cools it in summer, provides a hot and cold water supply throughout the year and all its electrical appliances; the system in one design includes a gasoline engine connected to an electrical generator, the cooling system of the engine and the exhaust gases from the engine delivering heat to heaters in an air duct and in a water boiler; and the generator developing electrical energy to a heating coil in the air duct, supplies energy to a cooling system connected to a cooling unit inside the air duct and a cooler located along the cold water supply of the house, and also is connected to the house electrical wiring so to provide electric power thereto.