Abstract: An internal combustion engine starter having a high starting performance has a first cranking mechanism including a self-starting motor 13 and a second cranking mechanism including a kick lever 18. The second cranking mechanism causes a crankshaft 1 to rotate mechanically during the beginning of its rotation which requires a high torque, and the first cranking mechanism places it in continuous rotation.

Abstract: A starting system for cranking an internal combustion engine that has a starter that is comprised of a solenoid and an electric cranking motor. The solenoid has pull-in and hold-in coils which when energized cause a pinion gear to be shifted into mesh with the ring gear of the engine to be cranked. Energization of the coils is controlled by at lest one N-channel field effect transistor which has its source connected to the negative terminal of a direct voltage source. A start switch is connected between the positive terminal of the voltage source and the gate of the transistor. When the start switch is closed the transistor is biased conductive to energize the pull-in and hold-in coils. The system may include a plurality of parallel connected N-channel transistors. The system inhibits turn-on of the transistor in the event that an excessive voltage is applied to the system. The system has transient voltage protection features.

Abstract: A pair of electrical generators (14,16) are installed on a jet engine (10). The generators (14,16) are coupled to each other in a manner so that together they can be used as crank motors to start the engine.

Abstract: A ground cable system for the electrical circuit of a vehicle including a battery having first and second terminals, an ignition switch electrically coupled to the first terminal and having a start contact and having a start position in which the start contact is electrically coupled to the first terminal, a ground, and a starting motor electrically coupled to the start contact of the ignition switch and to the ground.

Abstract: A starter switch device controls the application of an electric current from a power source to a starter motor and drives a pinion for transmitting the rotation of said starter motor to engage with a ring gear of an internal combustion engine. The starter switch device includes a shaft provided movably in the axial direction thereof, and open-close operation of electrical contacts for communicating the power source with the starter motor and also the driving of the pinion are carried out via the shaft. Further, there is provided a motor for driving this shaft, and the shaft and the motor are connected through a mechanism for transforming the rotation of the motor into the linear movement of the shaft.

Abstract: A starter relay disposed in the housing of an electric starter of an internal combustion engine. The starter relay has a pair of stationary contact members electrically connected by a movable bar contact. The movable bar contact is mechanically linked to an annular relay armature which is axially displaceable by an annular electromagnetic coil. A coil spring produces a force biasing the relay armature away from the electromagnetic coil and the movable bar contact away from the contact members. In the preferred embodiment the operation of the power relay is transparent to the operation of the starter drive mechanism and the annular electromagnetic coil is the electromagnetic coil of the existing started drive mechanism.

Abstract: An electronically commutated coaxial starter motor for use with internal combustion engines of the type including those utilized with lawn mowers, pumps, generators, automobiles and the like.

Abstract: Prior generating systems utilizing electrically-compensated constant speed drives (ECCSD) have typically required a separate starter motor for starting a prime mover which supplies motive power to the ECCSD, thereby increasing the size and weight of the system. In order to overcome this problem, a generating system is provided with circuitry coupled to the electrical power windings of a permanent magnet machine (PMM) forming a part of the ECCSD for causing the PMM to develop motive power which causes an output shaft of a differential of the ECCSD to rotate at increasing speeds. When the output shaft of the differential reaches a predetermined speed, a generator coupled to the output shaft of the differential is supplied external or ground power which in turn causes the generator to operate as a motor and return motive power through the differential to the prime mover to start same and bring it up to operating speed.

Abstract: A starter drive for an internal combustion engine in which the starter drive is mounted within the starter housing, and an ignition key activated solenoid for energizing the motor of the starter drive is contained in a solenoid housing that is attached to the starter housing and is integral therewith. The solenoid has a solenoid coil and an annular armature, and upon the energization of the solenoid coil by the connection of such solenoid coil to the battery through the ignition key, the annular armature, which is normally spring biased away from the solenoid coil, is magnetically attracted thereto. This movement of the annular armature establishes an electrical contact between a first terminal, which is connected to the battery, and a second contact which is connected to the starter motor.

Abstract: A driving pinion fixed on the shaft of a first motor meshes with a toothed wheel mounted to rotate freely with respect to the casing of the starter and which includes a bore having helical grooves with which cooperate corresponding grooves made on the periphery of the shank of an actuator pinion which is engagable with the crown wheel of a combustion engine. The spur toothing of the actuator pinion are in mesh with the inner toothing of a bore of another pinion which is actuated by a second motor. Resilient members are provided to normally urge the actuator pinion out of engagement with the crown wheel of the combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine starter has a plunger electromagnetically actuated by holding and attracting coils to move a pinion toward a ring gear on the engine and also to move a first movable contact on the plunger towards first and second stationary contacts to be electrically connected together by the first movable contact to electrically energize a starter motor. A relay is provided and has normally open contacts electrically connected in series to a power source and the connection between the holding and attracting coils. The relay coil is connected in series to a starter switch and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is formed by a normally closed switch having a third stationary contact connected to the relay coil, and a bimetallic element carrying a second movable contact grounded through the bimetallic element.

Abstract: A starter includes two electric drive motors (1, 2), with parallel axes (3, 4), coupled to the same reduction gear (11, 14) whose output shaft (15) is connected to a single Bendix starter (18). Shaft (6) of one of the motors (1) exhibits a reversible thread (23) on which is mounted a nut pinion (7), engaged with a gear wheel (11) of the reduction gear and further connected to control lever (27), which is connected to Bendix starter (18). When first electric motor (1) is started, nut pinion (7) is braked in rotation by passive resistances, and therefore moved axially, which, by lever (27), causes the advance of Bendix starter (18), bringing pinion (21) of the latter to engage with ring gear (22) of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A starter for an internal combustion engine having a starter motor and a magnet switch arranged in parallel with the starter motor, wherein a switch yoke of the magnet switch and a motor yoke of the starter motor are formed by laminating a plurality of magnetic lamination plates having a first section forming the switch yoke, a second section forming the motor yoke, and a connecting portion forming a common magnetic flux path for both sections.

Abstract: A propulsion system for use in automotive vehicles wherein the flywheel is connectable with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine by a first clutch and with the input shaft of the change-speed transmission by a second clutch. When the engine would be idling (such as during stoppage of the vehicle at an intersection) or running unnecessarily for another reason (such as during coasting of the vehicle), the two clutches are disengaged and the flywheel rotates by inertia to restart the engine, when necessary, in response to engagement of the first clutch. If the RPM of the flywheel reaches a preselected lower threshold value, a starter-generator unit automatically accelerates the flywheel so that its RPM rises above the threshold value and is thus sufficient to ensure that the engine is restarted on engagement of the first clutch.

Abstract: A multi-function starter comprises a prime shaft to be rotated by a driving means and having a cylindrical recess at its one end, a pinion to be rotated by the prime shaft thereby driving a ring gear of an engine, an intermediate shaft being slidable in the axial direction to be fitted into the cylindrical recess of the prime shaft for rotation along with the prime shaft and an actuating means for moving the intermediate shaft in the axial direction to selectively engage a gear wheel fitted to the intermediate shaft with a gear wheel for an auxiliary load device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a starting system for an internal combustion engine comprising a prime mover, a pinion which is disposed at one end of the rotary shaft of the prime mover and which is held in rushing-in meshing engagement with a ring gear of an engine, the engine being a first load device, and a one-way clutch which is disposed at the other end of the rotary shaft of the prime mover and which generates a driving force in only a rotating direction reverse to a driving direction of the ring gear, a unidirectional turning force being applied to a second load device through the one-way clutch.

Abstract: An electric starting apparatus for cranking an internal combustion engine. The electric starter is of a type that has solenoid pull-in and hold-in coils that when energized cause a solenoid plunger to shift which in turn moves a pinion into mesh with the ring gear of the engine. The hole-in coil can be energized directly from a battery when a manually operable start switch is closed. The energization of the pull-in coil is controlled by a Darlington transistor located in the solenoid housing. The transistor is biased conductive when the start switch is closed and nonconductive when the start switch is opened.

Abstract: An accessory carrying type starting motor comprises an electromagnetic switching device for opening and closing a contact to control actuation of a d.c. motor, a pinion placed to be slidable by a transferring device fitted to one end of the rotary shaft of the armature of the d.c. motor, through a shift lever connected to a plunger of the electromagnetic switching device, a ring gear transmitting a rotational force for starting to a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine when the ring gear comes to interlock with the pinion, an accessory device consisting of a pump and other elements provided at the other end of the rotary shaft of the armature of the d.c.

Abstract: A starting system for an internal combustion engine, comprising a stator; a cylindrical rotor which is arranged on an inner peripheral side of the stator with a predetermined gap therefrom; an overrunning clutch which includes a first cylindrical clutch body that is mounted on an inner peripheral surface of the rotor, and a second cylindrical clutch body that is clutch-coupled with the first clutch body; a rotary shaft which is penetratingly arranged on an inner peripheral portion of the second clutch body of the overrunning clutch, which is axially movable relative to the second clutch body and which rotates along with the second clutch body; a pinion which is disposed at one end of the rotary shaft and which is brought into meshing engagement with a ring gear of the engine being a first load device; a power transmission mechanism which is disposed at the other end of the rotary shaft and which transmits power to a second load device; and a shift lever which slides the rotary shaft in the axial direction the

Abstract: An electric starting system for cranking an internal combustion engine that utilizes a starter having a solenoid that is provided with pull-in and hold-in coils. The solenoid includes a plunger which when shifted operates solenoid switch contacts and shifts a pinion into mesh with the ring gear of the engine to be cranked. The electric starting motor has series and shunt field coils and during cranking operation the shunt field is energized through the hold-in coil of the solenoid and the series field is energized through the pull-in coil of the solenoid. This mode of energization produces a small indexing torque that slowly rotates the pinion when end tooth abutment occurs between the pinion and the ring gear.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing a running condition of an internal combustion engine. A bolt which fastens an engine starter to the engine has a head which carries a piezoelectric disk. When the engine is running the head of the bolt is flexed causing flexure of the piezoelectric disk which causes a charge of voltage to be generated by the piezoelectric disk. The piezoelectric disk is connected with an electric starting motor control system which is operative to prevent energization of the starting motor when the engine is running.

Abstract: A reduction gear type D.C. starter motor for an internal combustion engine including a planetary type reduction gear system mounted in a front bracket at a faucet joint portion between it and a rear bracket, the rear bracket and the yoke being integrally formed.

Abstract: Described is a method of starting an electric starting motor for an internal combustion engine. The motor shaft has a pinion at the shaft end for meshing with a ring gear provided to the engine. The pinion is shifted by a shift lever into a position meshing with the ring gear, after which the starting motor is excited for causing rotation of the ring gear and thereby starting the engine. According to the invention, until the time the pinion engages the ring gear, brush means of the starting motor are shifted away from the electrically neutral axis towards pole sides of the permanent magnet of the motor where the main magnetic field produced by the magnet is strengthened by the armature-reaction magnetic fluxes. After the pinion is engaged with the ring gear, said brush means are returned again to their positions on said neutral axis.

Abstract: A gasoline engine is equipped with an auxiliary driven wheel selectively engageable with a driving wheel on the shaft of an electric motor mounted for movement relative to the gasoline engine and operable from a remote point. A compact housing enables use of the invention on existing equipment, such as a lawnmower, or installation as original equipment at the time of manufacture.

Abstract: To permit manufacture of starter components with substantial tolerance, while maintaining the axial play of the armature of the starter within tight tolerances, and permit adjustment of the tolerance of the axial play after assembly of the starter component together, an end face (33) of the shaft (4) projects beyond the respective end bearing, which is retained a housing projecting beyond the bearing by the distance of an adjustment plug (29) slightly smaller than the longest shaft--in the light of tolerances--of the starter. An axial play compensation spacer in form of a washer or disc (FIG. 2--35), a ring (FIG. 3--35a) or a centrally held ball (FIG. 4--35b) is placed between the end face (36) of the plug and the end face (33) of the shaft, the plug being formed with an abutment surface (31) which engages an engagement surface (32) at the outside of the housing adjacent the bearing.

Abstract: A starter motor housing comprising a tubular housing formed by an annular wall having a thickened wall portion adjacent the stator winding of the starter motor. The stator cores abut against and are secured to the inner periphery of the thickened wall portion to increase the flux path and, thus, the effective flux energy produced by the stator windings. However, the thickened wall portion is disposed intermediate radially reduced wall end portions to reduce the weight and size of the motor housing. Preferably, the tubular housing is an iron casting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for controlling the advance and rotation of the actuator of a starter for a heat engine. The shaft of the electric motor rotates a dish provided with an inner thread cooperating with a screw bearing a toothed tail. The latter actuates satellites which rotate the bell and the pinion via a free wheel. When the screw reaches the stop, the pinion rotates and actuates the engine. When the latter has started up, the free wheel stalls and the clutch rotates the bell so that the screw returns to its initial position. The invention is more particularly applicable to an electric starter.

Abstract: An engine starter protective and control module (PCM) and system having a 1/2 second start speed delay timer (DT) and a 30-second crank timer (CT) that are started when a start switch (SS) is closed to control a logic circuit (L) that operates a coil driver (CD) to energize the engine starter motor (ES). An engine speed signal from an engine-driven alternator (ALT) shaped in a wave shaping circuit (WSC) is detected by a crank frequency sensor (CFS) which by-passes the delay timer (DT) to continue the cranking if the engine attains an initial speed adequate for starting, otherwise, if the battery is too low, the delay timer (DT) terminates cranking. A run frequency sensor (RFS) receives the speed signal and provides a lockout signal to the logic circuit (L) when the engine speed reaches run RPM. A crank timer (CT) started by the start switch (SS) times a 30-second cranking cycle and a 2-minute cool-off lockout interval to prevent overheating of the starter motor (ES).

Abstract: Disclosed, in combination, are a combustion engine, an electric storage battery, an electrically powered starter motor for at times driving the engine in order to start the engine, and an electrical system monitor; the electrical system monitor has a first monitoring portion which senses the actual voltage across the battery and a second monitoring portion which monitors the current through the battery; an electrical switch controls associated circuitry and is actuatable into open or closed conditions; whenever the first monitoring portion senses a preselected magnitude of the actual voltage across the battery or the second monitoring portion senses a preselected magnitude of the current flow through the battery, the electrical switch is actuated.

Abstract: A starter apparatus comprises a D.C. motor, a solenoid actuator, a hollow sleeve having at one end thereof a pinion and a one way clutch. A torque of an armature of the D.C. motor is transmitted through the one way clutch to the hollow sleeve and further transmitted to a ring gear of an engine, which is engaged with a pinion of the hollow sleeve, thereby performing a start up of the engine. The engagement or disengagement between the pinion and the ring gear is carried out by means that the solenoid actuator reciprocates only the hollow sleeve through a shift lever.

Abstract: An engine automatic control system for vehicles is adapted to automatically stop the engine when the vehicle motion is arrested, to automatically start the engine in response to operation of a starting mechanism for effecting start of the vehicle, and to maintain the engine rotation after start of the vehicle in dependence upon change of the level of speed pulses from a speed sensor assembly. The control system is arranged to be ineffective in its function for automatic stop of the engine when the speed sensor assembly is inoperative to maintain the engine rotation under the operative condition of the control system.

Abstract: A driving mechanism comprises an electric motor assembly having an output shaft drivingly connected to a vehicle accessory device and arranged to be connected to an internal combustion engine, the motor assembly being designed to generate a high output torque on the output shaft in its first activated condition and to generate a low output torque on the output shaft in its second activated condition, an electrically operated actuator for connecting the output shaft to the engine upon energization thereof and disconnecting the output shaft from the engine upon deenergization thereof, and an electric control circuit for energizing the actuator and the motor assembly to start the engine under the first activated condition of the motor assembly, for deenergizing the actuator after start of the engine, for switching over the motor assembly to its second activated condition from its first activated condition when the accessory device is unloaded and for switching over the motor assembly to its first activated condi

Abstract: An automatic control system for such a prime mover as a vehicle engine is adapted to automatically stop the prime mover when such a driven device as a vehicle is arrested, to automatically drive the prime mover in response to operation of a starting mechanism for effecting start of the driven device, and to maintain the prime mover in its operative condition when the driven device is moving. The control system is arranged to be inoperative in an expected occurrence of an error in operation of a setting switch for the system and to indicate the operative condition of the system under normal control of the setting switch.

Abstract: A power conversion system for converting between electric and motive power may be utilized either in a generating mode to generate electric power from motive power supplied by a prime mover or in a starting mode wherein motive power is developed by the power conversion system from electrical power and is supplied through a torque converter to the prime mover to start same. The power conversion system includes a main generator, an exciter and a permanent magnet generator, or PMG, which together comprise a brushless alternator. When operated in the starting mode, power is supplied to the PMG to cause it to act as a motor and thereby drive a rotor which is common to the PMG, exciter and main generator. Once a predetermined operating condition of the generator is attained, the main generator is supplied power from a motor control to cause the generator to act as a synchronous motor and the power supply to the PMG is disconnected.

Abstract: Manually actuated switches mounted externally at spaced monitoring locations on a vehicle are actuated in sequence by a vehicle driver during inspection at each of such locations. Actuation of such switches triggers operation of timers having overlapping timing cycles for enabling the engine starting circuit of the vehicle during a period of sufficient duration to permit the driver to enter the vehicle and initiate the starting operation by actuation of the ignition switch.

Abstract: A system for forcefully igniting a spray of fuel injected into combustion chambers of a diesel engine during engine starting, in place of a conventional glow plug preheating system. The system comprises a plurality of spark plugs located within the respective combustion chambers of the diesel engine and an ignition means for sequentially igniting each of the spark plugs. The system is operated simultaneously with an engine starter motor and at least until the engine has achieved a spontaneous ignition state or most preferably until a fixed interval of time after the engine has achieved the spontaneous ignition state. Detection of the spontaneous ignition state is based on (a) combustion pressure; (b) engine speed; (c) oxygen concentration; (d) engine starter motor actuation (e) exhaust gas temperature; or (f) engine cooling water temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a starter-generator machine (10) for starting turbine type aircraft engines. The machine combines an induction motor with a synchronous samarium cobalt generator. In the machine, a rotor-shaped stator (22) is fixed and positioned inside a squirrel-cage induction rotor (18) which has an array of samarium-cobalt magnets (24) attached on the outer diameter thereof. The compound dual machine operates as a starter by using the induction rotor to accelerate the permanent magnet rotor, and thus the aircraft engine via a drive pinion (34), up to some low synchronous speed, when ac power is applied to the outside stator (16) to lock in the permanent-magnet rotor (24) synchronously with the rotating field created in the stator (16) of the synchronous generator. As the speed of the rotor (24) is then increased, the engine speed is also increased via the drive pinion (34).In a second embodiment, a cartridge type induction-motor (70) is utilized to initially start an aircraft engine.

Abstract: A starter drive for internal combustion engines. The starter drive is mounted within the starter housing and connected to the motor driven shaft. The shaft has a screw thread formed thereon near the armature of the starter and a cylindrical end portion. A screw sleeve member cooperatively engages the screw thread of the motor driven shaft. A ring armature member is centrally mounted to the threaded screw member. A unidirectional clutch member connects the screw sleeve member, the ring armature member and the pinion gear. An engaging member holds the ring armature member to the starter housing when the pinion gear is advanced axially along the motor driven shaft by the rotation of the motor when the motor is activated. Thus, the pinion gear engages the engine ring gear such that the pinion gear is held in mesh with the ring gear and the total motor torque is transmitted to the ring gear until the motor is deactivated.

Abstract: A start-up failsafe system for an engine control system monitors a command signal and the corresponding feedback signal for a fuel injection rate control servo device when the starter motor switch is closed. If the feedback signal and the command signal differ by more than a predetermined amount, the failsafe system acts to prevent operation of the starter motor.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus and method for remotely starting an internal combustion engine, the apparatus being simplified and having transmitting circuitry issuing a predetermined set of coded signals, selectively enabling receiving circuitry and receiver control circuitry by which the engine is remotely started and accessories remotely actuated.

Abstract: A turning gear arrangement for a turbomachine such as a large steam driven turbine-generator is disclosed. The turning gear arrangement includes a prime mover system which generates high starting torque for rolling the rotor of the turbine-generator over a narrow low speed range and which provides a lower, substantially constant torque over a wider high speed range. A preferred embodiment of the invention includes a drive gear mounted on the turbine motor shaft; a fixed gearing system through which drive torque is transmitted to the rotor shaft; and a prime mover having an electrical motor to provide high initial torque to start and maintain rotation of the turbine over a low speed range, and a hydraulic turbine providing lower, substantially constant torque to maintain rotation over a higher speed range.

Abstract: In combination with a brushless, three phase synchronous motor forming part of a flywheel starter of an internal combustion engine and having a stator with field windings and a winding-free toothed rotor having a pole pitch angle, a circuit for generating a rotating field for the windings is disclosed. The circuit includes a sensor positioned near the rotor for generating signals indicative of the pole pitch time of the rotor. A divider circuit is provided for generating a current flow signal for each field winding in response to the sensor signals. A delay network is coupled to the divider circuit and determines a time delay between the start of the pole pitch time and the start of the current flow signals.

Abstract: A two stage positive shift starter drive system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. A pair of electrical switches are sequentially actuated by an actuator solenoid engaging the starter drive's pinion gear with the engine's ring gear. The first switch actuated after a predetermined displacement of the solenoid's armature applies electrical power to the cranking motor through a resistance connected in series with the cranking motor and connected in parallel with the solenoid pull-in coil. The resistance reduces the electrical power applied to the cranking motor and the potential across the solenoid pull-in coil thereby reducing the rotational speed and the engagement force applied to the pinion gear. The end of the armature travel closes the second switch applying full power to the cranking motor permitting normal cranking of the engine with the pinion gear fully engaged with the ring gear.

Abstract: An electric starting system for cranking an internal combustion engine by an electric cranking motor. The system prevents energization of the cranking motor following initial energization and subsequent deenergization by sensing the voltage generated by the cranking motor when it is deenergized and preventing reenergization of the cranking motor until this voltage drops to some value indicative of a low cranking motor speed.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine having an electric starting motor, an ignition system, and an electric power source is provided with a control system allowing the engine to be stopped and restarted very easily. This system comprises a main ignition switch connected in series between the power source and the ignition system and closable to energize the ignition system from the power source. A manual start switch and an automatic start switch are connected in series between the main ignition switch and the electric starting motor and both are closable when the main ignition switch is closed to energize the starting motor from the power source. A speed-sensing circuit is connected to the engine and to the automatic start switch and is set up to open the automatic start switch and thereby deenergize the start motor when the engine is operating above a predetermined rate of approximately 500 rpm.

Abstract: The invention is an aircraft power generation system which utilizes an induction-machine (G.sub.1) as a primary generator of variable-voltage/variable-frequency power. The induction-machine (G.sub.1) is directly driven by the engine (14) and is excited by an excitation-generator (G.sub.2) such that the induction-machine (G.sub.1) operates in a generating mode. A variable-speed drive (20), shown as a toroidal drive (30), controls the excitation frequency of the induction-machine (G.sub.1) such that the negative slip-frequency is controlled as a function of the input speeds (N.sub.1), (N.sub.2) and the electric load on the generator. Control of the toroidal drive (30) and thus speed (N.sub.2) is accomplished by a negative-slip control circuit which includes a drive control logic circuit (36), a proportional actuator (34), a control-start panel (48), and a steering mechanism (32).In another aspect of the invention, the induction-machine (G.sub.1) operates in a start-mode to start the engine (14).

Abstract: A thermoswitch is physically located on a portion of the current supply connector between the current source and the exciter winding of the starter motor. The portion, constructed as a simple strip with flaps holding the thermostat, influences the temperature-dependent control portion of the thermoswitch according to heating in the armature, field winding, and brushes of the starter motor. The thermoswitch turns OFF the starter system by interrupting current supply to the kick-in starter relay.

Abstract: A starter drive for internal combustion engines is disclosed. The starter drive is mounted within the starter housing and connected to the motor driven shaft. The shaft has a screw thread formed thereon near the armature of the starter and a cylindrical end portion. A screw sleeve member cooperatively engages the threaded screw of the motor driven shaft. A ring armature member is centrally mounted to the threaded screw member. A unidirectional clutch member connects the screw sleeve member, the ring armature member and the drive pinion gear. An engaging member holds the ring armature member to the starter housing when the drive pinion is advanced axially along the motor driven shaft by the rotation of the motor when the motor is activated. Thus, the drive pinion engages the engine ring gear such that the drive pinion is held in mesh with the engine ring gear and the total motor torque is transmitted to the engine ring gear until the motor is deactivated.

Abstract: In an auxiliary apparatus for starting a diesel engine having a quick preheating circuit operable by the switching of a key-switch from its OFF to ON position and an afterglow circuit operated by the return of the key-switch from the ST position to ON position, there is provided a heat maintenance preheating circuit to maintain the temperature of the glow plugs for a predetermined time after the quick preheating operation is finished. The heat maintenance preheating circuit for maintaining the temperature begins its operation just after the immediate heating operation by the quick preheating circuit is finished, and continues its operation for a predetermined period while the key-switch is at its ON position. As a result, even when the engine is not started to operate immediately after the initial preheating, the temperature of the glow plugs is kept at the predetermined temperature, thus assuring smooth starting of the engine.

Abstract: The invention pertains to electric starter motors for internal combustion engines, particularly motors used with smaller engines such as employed to power lawn mowers, snow blowers, lawn tractors and similar equipment. The motor housing is formed of a dielectric material as to be doubly electrically insulated for protection against electrical shock, the motor casing features simplify assembly of the field coil within the casing, and the motor armature shaft portion and starter pinion shaft portion are formed as two components, rather than the usual one piece, permitting separate heat treatment and eliminating the need for shaft straightening after hardening as required when the armature and pinion shaft are homogeneously formed.