Abstract: A Zener diode 16 is connected to each of single cells 10 of an electric double layer capacitor in parallel, and a resistor 18 is connected to each of the Zener diode 16 in series. Thus, in a case where a single cell 10 is excessively charged, when the bias voltage of the single cell 10 is equal to or higher than the Zener voltage, a discharge current flows through the Zener diode 16 connected to the single cell 10, so that the voltage decreases to the Zener voltage. Thus, it is possible to prevent the electric double layer capacitor from being excessively charged due to the dispersions in electrostatic capacity and internal resistance, and to stably accumulate electricity for a long time.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle comprises a motor driving the vehicle's wheels, multiple batteries supplying electric power to the motor, and a generator driven by an internal combustion engine to generate electric power for charging the batteries. Battery sensors detect terminal voltages of the batteries. An ECU controls a DC/DC converter to distribute electric power to independently charge the batteries through charge lines in accordance with the shortage of charge in respective batteries when excess electrical power is available from the generator even after a required amount of electrical power from the generator is used to rotate wheels.

Abstract: An antitheft system for use in portable consumer electronic equipment. The antitheft system includes an antitheft receiver that receives a deactivation code that is transmitted by a paging system transmitted when the device is reported stolen. Upon receipt of the deactivation code, a microprocessor within the electronic equipment causes the equipment to become inoperative. To ensure the antitheft receiver is not removed or tampered with, the microprocessor queries the antitheft receiver for a unique identification number associated with the device.

Abstract: The electronic circuit for supplying a voltage at a common output terminal (KI.U) has a number of supply circuits, each of which includes a source (B1, B2, . . . , Bn) of electric current and transistors (T10,T11; T20,T21; . . . ; Tn0,Tn1) connected with the source (B1, B2) to form an analog switch for gating the electric current, each supply circuit being connected with the common output terminal (KI.U); and a circuit device for controlling a potential at the gate electrodes of the transistors (T10,T11; T20,T21; . . . ; Tn0,Tn1) in each supply circuit, whereby the supply voltage (UV) is provided by a selected one of the supply circuits.

Abstract: A non-contact electric power transmission device comprising a feeding member which includes an induction coil to which electric power is applied and the non-contact electric power transmission device further comprising a plurality of fed members which each further comprise an induced coil placed within a magnetic field produced by the induction coil. The fed members differ in the load applied and each of the fed members is independently designed to accommodate its respective load as well as to accommodate a single feeding member. While the respective loads differ, only the design of the respective fed member is modified to accommodate the different load value while no modifications to the single feeding member are made.

Abstract: A system and method for operating a remote control having a portable remote control unit which can control at least one function unit. The remote control unit and the function unit are connected with one another by way of a bidirectional data communication link, by which data can be transmitted by means of a symmetrical coding method. The remote control unit sends a learn mode reporting signal in a secret coding information learn mode to the controllable function unit which, in the learn mode, in turn, sends back an acknowledgment signal. Upon receipt of the acknowledgment signal, the remote control unit generates new secret coding information by means of the coding algorithm, as a function of basis secret coding information and of the previous secret coding information, and sends the new secret coding information to the function unit.

Abstract: A power supply unit is provided between a car-carried battery and load units, such as a light control unit. The power supply unit is connected to the load units through a multi-signal line. The power supply unit calculates a consumption current consumed by the load unit using an operating state of the load unit which is received through the multi-signal line from the load control unit associated with the load unit. The power supply unit compares the calculated consumption current with a supplying current supplied form the battery. If the supplying current is excessively large, the power supply unit interrupts the supply of current from the battery to the load unit. Therefore, the power supply device can detect a phenomenon, for example, a rare short of an extremely short shorting time.

Abstract: A flash charging circuit has first and second transistors (TR1, TR2) which are connected to opposite terminals of a primary coil of a transformer, a battery is connected to a center tap provided in a middle portion of the primary coil, and first and second drive pulse signals (S1, S2) are applied to the first and second transistors to drive them alternately with each other, to induce an alternating secondary current in a secondary coil of the transformer. Each of the first and second drive pulse signals have a shorter pulse duration (Pd) than a pulse separation (Ps). The phases of the first and second drive pulse signals are determined such that both the first and second drive pulse signals take a low level for a time (Ta) before and after each drive pulse of the first and second drive pulse signals, so that both the first and second transistors are OFF immediately before either of them is turned ON.

Abstract: Power supplied from a battery via a power-supply line is distributed via switching means to load drive lines, connected to loads, respectively. Memory means stores the data of current-breaking time characteristics providing the breaking time which corresponds to the amount of each excessive current and the capacity of each load. When any of the current detection means has detected an excessive current flowing through any of the load drive lines, control means breaks power supplied via the load drive line to the load, by opening the switching means immediately after the corresponding breaking time has elapsed.

Abstract: A vehicle battery and controller combination having two batteries where each battery has one positive terminal cell and associated positive terminal conductor and one negative terminal cell and associated terminal conductor. Each terminal cell is independent of any other terminal cell. The controller includes a first switch capable of connecting one or more pairs of like poles of the batteries. The first switch opens to allow individual output from each battery, opens and closes to control the charging and discharging of at least one of the batteries and to preserve the state of charge of at least one battery, and closes to connect both batteries in parallel to receive charge from the alternator.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a motor vehicle electrical system has a plurality of electronic modules. The electrical power input of each module is coupled to the output of a switching power supply. Further, the electrical power input of each module is switchably coupled to vehicle system voltage. During "key-on", the switchable connection to vehicle system voltage is closed, thereby providing "key-on" power for the modules from system voltage. During "key-off", the switchable connection is opened, thereby providing "key-off" power for the modules from the switching power supply. In a second embodiment of the present invention, a motor vehicle electrical system has at least one electronic module with a normal power input and a "key-off" power input. The normal power input is coupled to vehicle system voltage, and the "key-off" power input is coupled to the output of a switching power supply. Systems embodying the present invention can reduce "key-off" current draw from the vehicle battery.

Abstract: This is a method of controlling an electric heater of a catalytic converter. An electric heater is powered by two separate batteries. There are an electronic control unit, a power switch, and an isolating switch providing logic control to the electric heater.

Abstract: An electrical circuit for a vehicle comprises a first branch or sub-circuit and at least one second branch or sub-circuit. The first branch or sub-circuit includes the vehicle battery, an electrical generator to be driven by the vehicle's engine or transmission and for charging the battery, a starter motor to be driven by the battery for initiating engine operation, and a number of electrical components operable at voltages equal to or greater than the battery's nominal output voltage. At least one of the second branches or sub-circuits includes a number of other electrical components (e.g. lamps) that are susceptible to damage if the voltage supply thereto is too high, this second branch or sub-circuit being connected to the first branch or sub-circuit via an element, e.g. a diode, providing a substantially constant voltage drop.

Abstract: A circuit breaking control unit receives an impact detection signal that is outputted from outside when an impact such as a crash of a motor vehicle has been detected, and generates and applies a circuit breaking control signal based on the impact detection signal. A circuit breaking unit forcibly interrupts a power supply path and stops the supply of power to a load. Therefore, the supply of power can be stopped immediately at the time the impact has been detected. In addition, a second load is a minimum electric system that is essential to cause the motor vehicle to travel. Therefore, even if the supply of power to the load is interrupted, the motor vehicle can be caused to travel. Hence, even at the time of an accident or the like, the motor vehicle can be moved to the edge of a road or the like with ease.

Abstract: In an on-board wiring system for vehicles has a battery line for connecting a generator with an energy accumulator and a disconnection switch, actuated as a result of an accident, arranged therein. Additional consuming devices are connected to the energy accumulator by way of a consuming device line. The disconnection switch 2 is constructed such that, in addition to the battery line 3, it also interrupts the consuming device line 9 and in the process also disconnects it from the battery line 3.

Abstract: An improved driver interface system provides prompts to an operator to adjust several vehicle parameters. In this way, the operator is assured to adjust the necessary components upon start up of the vehicle. This is particularly important when the driver is unfamiliar with the car, as with a rental car. In one embodiment, the driver may be provided with a transmitter that stores desired settings for at least some parameters. The transmitter can then transmit the operator's desired parameters to a control, and the vehicle components can then begin to be moved to the desired positions as the operator approaches the vehicle. In other aspects of this invention, improved switches are disclosed. A rotary switch rotates on a steering wheel rim. This switch is easily accessible to an operator, and does not require the operator to divert attention from the road. A second type switch includes an element which is sensitive to touch by the operator.

Abstract: Vehicle cranking management systems and methods are provided for a vehicle preferably including a tractor mechanically connected to a trailer. Electrical energy is enabled to transfer from a battery of the vehicle to an electrical accessory load, when a battery output voltage signal is above a first predetermined threshold voltage, but is inhibited from transferring from the battery to the electrical accessory load if the battery output voltage signal is below a second predetermined threshold voltage. The first and second predetermined threshold voltages may be determined responsive to a sensed temperature of the vehicle engine, preferably a sensed temperature of oil present in the engine. In addition, electrical energy is enabled to transfer from the battery to a starter which cranks the vehicle's engine if a cranking command signal to crank the engine is asserted for less than a first predetermined time interval.

Abstract: An apparatus and method suitable for use as an electronic remote locating device. The method including synchronizing an unprogrammed receiver with a transmitter so that the unprogrammed receiver responds only to the transmitter. The transmitter continuously increments a storage element when electrical power is initially applied to the transmitter and halts incrementing of the storage element when a first event is detected. Next, the transmitter saves the value of the storage element in memory as the unique identification code. The transmitter then transmits the identification code for a first predetermined length of time at a preselected frequency. The receiver monitors the preselected frequency searching for a received identification code for a predetermined period of time after electrical power is applied to the receiver. The receiver then verifies the validity of the received identification code and determines whether a prior identification code exists in the memory of the receiver.

Abstract: An alarm device of an anti-theft system for a vehicle is composed of a microcomputer ordinary connected by a power-supply wire to a vehicle battery, an electric-sound-generator driven by the microcomputer, a wire-disconnection-detecting-circuit for detecting disconnection of the power-supply-wire of the alarm device from a vehicle battery, an integrated auxiliary battery connected to the microcomputer and the sound-generator, a transistor for cutting power supply to the microcomputer from the auxiliary battery when the anti-theft system is not on the watch, sensors for detecting access to the vehicle compartment and an outside controller connected to the sensors to turn on the transistor when the system is on the watch and turns off the transistor when the system is not on the watch. If the access to the vehicle compartment or wire-disconnection is detected while the anti-theft system is on the watch, the microcomputer drives the sound-generator to give the alarm.

Abstract: An electric system of an electric vehicle including a main battery as a power supply, and a semiconductor power converter for driving a wheel driving motor. Impact destroying switches are inserted into connecting lines which connect a main battery to the semiconductor power converter, and into a connecting line connecting main battery block. Each impact destroying switch breaks its conduction by blasting an explosive in the switch in response to the impact due to a collision of the vehicle body. In case of an emergency such as a collision, since the main battery is instantaneously disconnected from the connecting lines by the switches, the connecting lines become free from the voltage. This makes it possible to prevent fire, and to cut off the vehicle body to save passengers.

Abstract: A relatively wide d.c. pulse generating system providing rise times normally attainable only with much narrower pulse width generation, comprising a plurality of sequentially operated groups of d.c. pulse generating modules achieving the combination of zero current SCR-switching and rapid magnetic switching and providing very high reliability and efficiency, and with the feature of continuously variable pulse width control and overall amplitude contouring, as for controlling applications such as plasma ion implantation where non-uniform contours of ion depth penetration normally would otherwise obtain.

Abstract: An automobile is remotely disabled by shunting a portion of the ignition circuit. The remote automobile disabler device receives a remotely transmitted disable signal and, in one embodiment, forms a low resistance connection with the negative terminal of the battery so as to create a break in a low current capacity portion of the ignition circuit. The low current capacity portion may include a circuit breaker. In an alternative embodiment, the battery is redirected through a shunt circuit which includes a resistor. A voltage drop is thus formed which reduces the operating voltage to electronic components in the ignition circuit below the threshold voltage and disables the automobile.

Abstract: Two or more alternators--each typically of an economical cost and of any mixture of types and capacities--are turned by a single motive power source--normally the engine of a large commercial truck or bus. The several alternators are electrically connected in tandem-parallel across a battery/load. A corresponding number of electronic voltage regulators, preferably of the type described in patent application Ser. No. 08/645,611, respectively individually control the alternators. One electronic voltage regulator that is modified to become a designated master produces a "universal" control signal in response to variations in a voltage across the battery/load. This "universal" control signal is further used in the master electronic voltage regulator itself to develop a conventional signal providing regulation to an associated alternator.

Abstract: A battery protection device disconnects vehicle electronic components from a motor vehicle battery to prevent a full discharge thereof including a plurality of switches switchable between ON and OFF positions, and a control unit electrically connected to each of the switches and capable of switching each of the switches between the ON and OFF positions individually.

Abstract: An automated control system for controlling lights and other electrical loads in a motor vehicle is operable with an engine-driven alternator and responsive to the operation of the engine for turning on the load whenever the engine is operating or above a selected engine speed. The vehicle loads are switched on and off automatically by the sensing of alternator output voltage, either alone or in combination with alternator frequency or sensing battery voltage, or both.

Abstract: In the case of an electrical wiring for a motor vehicle having a primary system which includes a voltage-controlled generator, a primary energy accumulator as well as at least one primary energy consuming device, and having a paralleled secondary system which includes a secondary energy accumulator as well as at least one secondary energy consuming device, the secondary system includes a control unit with a controllable resistor connected to the generator. The control unit monitors the charge condition of the secondary energy accumulator. As a function of the currently determined charge condition of the secondary energy accumulator, the control unit, on the one hand, controls the controllable resistor in such a manner that, during the charging of the secondary energy accumulator, the primary system is not overloaded.

Abstract: A clamping circuit for protecting circuits operatively connected between a control circuit, a driving circuit, a power source, and an output circuit includes an inductive flyback circuit to add current to the output circuit through the driving circuit, and a reverse power protection circuit operatively connected between the inductive flyback circuit and the control circuit wherein the reverse power protection circuit opens the inductive flyback circuit and provides an electrical connection between the power source and the output circuit allowing current to flow through the output circuit when the power source is connected to the driving circuit incorrectly.

Abstract: A vehicle warning system for warning a vehicle operator of a dangerous condition resulting from an abnormal engine parameter for use in a vehicle having a sensor for measuring the engine parameter and a gauge connected to the sensor by a line. The vehicle warning system includes an input port, a connector for connecting the input port to the line connecting the sensor and the gauge, a voltage detector for detecting when a voltage level at the input port exceeds a threshold level, and an alarm generator for warning an operator of a dangerous condition when the voltage detector detects that the voltage level exceeds the threshold level.

Abstract: A device for controlling an electric vehicle motor that optimally discharges a smoothing capacitor, connected to the input terminals of an inverter in accordance with the condition of an electric vehicle. The device includes a motor drive means, the smoothing capacitor connected in parallel with the motor drive means, switching means operating in connection with an operation switch operated by the vehicle operator, discharging means for discharging the smoothing capacitor, draw detecting means, and discharge restricting means. The system opens the switching means to shut off output from the battery and to discharge the smoothing capacitor when the switching means is open, but restricts discharging during a towing or drawing condition of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: A latching circuit breaker is provided that is small and switches with a small amount of current. A battery switch incorporating the circuit breaker mounts on a battery top and is easily added as an accessory to control all of a battery's power. A convenient battery protection device uses the battery switch and a control system to automatically control a battery, prevent overdischarge, and reserve starting power. A manually resetting battery protection device is also provided. The battery protection device is adaptable to be incorporated into the design of a battery resulting in a trouble free, long-life battery.

Abstract: An anti-theft protection system comprises a battery having a series of cells and at least one terminal. The series of cells and the at least one terminal have an electrical connection therebetween, which connection is subject to activation and deactivation. A mechanical contact device is positioned in the battery for physically connecting and disconnecting the series of cells and the at least one terminal for activating and deactivating the electrical connection. At least one of a control unit, an intruder alert system, and a battery load sensor is provided with the system. A control circuit is also provided for controlling the mechanical contact device to cause activation and deactivation of the electrical connection. The control circuit is adapted to receive at least one command signal from at least one of the control unit, the intruder alert system, and the battery load sensor.

Abstract: In the case of a switch arrangement for reducing the closed circuit current when motor vehicles are parked, including a controllable switch for the central disconnecting essentially of all power supply consuming devices from the motor vehicle battery, the electric supply input of an electric anti-theft device is inseparably connected with the motor vehicle battery. The electric anti-theft device receives an input signal corresponding to the position of the controllable switch and queries the position of a manually operable switch for sensitizing and desensitizing the anti-theft device less often when the controllable switch is open than when the controllable switch is closed.

Abstract: A vehicle battery disabling apparatus for disconnecting a battery of a vehicle including a solenoid having a retracted orientation when electrically energized and an extended orientation when de-energized; a first switch mechanism coupleable between an electrical system of the vehicle and its battery and further engaged with the solenoid and having a first orientation when the solenoid is de-energized for allowing electrical energy to be delivered from the battery to the electrical system and a second orientation when the solenoid is energized for preventing such delivery; a spring-loaded plunger having a biased and extended orientation when impact pressure is applied thereto and an unbiased and retracted orientation when no impact pressure is applied; and a second switch mechanism coupled to the solenoid and further positioned in juxtaposed relation to the plunger and having an activated orientation when the plunger is momentarily abutted thereagainst in its biased and extended orientation for energizing the

Abstract: A dual battery or back-up battery system includes a control and indicator circuit for driving the battery switch. The battery switch is coupled between the positive terminals of the primary battery and auxiliary battery. The control and indicator circuit includes an indicator such as an LED, an indicator switch such as a single pole, single throw switch, and a driver circuit. The driver circuit includes a voltage tripler for appropriately driving a MOSFET battery switch. The indicator requires only a single signal conductor between the driver circuit and the indicator switch or indicator light. The indicator switch may also be utilized to provide a signal to a computer or other control circuit. The indicator switch and indicator are advantageously located within the interior of an automobile so that the operator may easily monitor and control the battery switch.

Abstract: A MOSFET is used to protect a battery driven load against the effects of a reverse-connected battery. This invention is particularly suitable for use with loads, such as those commonly found in motor vehicles, which contain semiconductor devices that may be severely damaged by a reverse voltage. The source of the MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and a gate driver circuit is used to provide a gate to source voltage sufficient to turn the MOSFET on when the battery is properly connected. If the battery is connected in reverse, the gate driver turns the MOSFET off, and the intrinsic body-drain diode in the MOSFET prevents a reverse current flow through the load. In conjunction with the MOSFET, a sensing device sends out a warning signal which may be used, for example, to turn off a portion of the load if the output of the battery falls below a level necessary to maintain the MOSFET in a fully on condition.

Abstract: A coupling circuit receives a high voltage surge wave and injects it into e or more power lines of a single-phase or three-phase power supply circuit, either line-to-line or line-to-ground. The coupling circuit may have a surge coupler including a series connection of a gas tube and a coupling capacitor, and preferably a rectifier, and a shunt resistor for discharging the coupling capacitor. A one-stage or two-stage surge back filter across the power lines protects the power source from the surge wave. Each surge back filter may have series inductors, and shunt surge suppression circuits, which may each include a series combination of a capacitor and a resistor, in parallel with at least one metal-oxide varistor (MOV) or a cluster of MOVs. A grounding suppressor connected from a power line to ground may include gas tubes and/or MOVs, inductors and resistors. Risetime adjusting circuits including resistors and capacitors may be connected between the power lines and/or between the power lines and ground.

Abstract: An electronic system for diverting current to a high-current load on an automobile, such as an electrically heated catalyst, is disclosed. In the system, the current of the high-current load is switched by electronic circuitry, rather than by an electromechanical relay. When current is no longer required by the high-current load, the electronic system allows current to flow to other loads on the automobile. The electronic system avoids the disadvantages presented by a relay's abrupt switching of the high currents involved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery disconnection detecting apparatus which can accurately detect whether or not the interruption of electric power supply from a battery to a storage device is continuously caused by the disconnection of an electric power line, or the like. The voltage of a battery is continuously supplied to a backup RAM through a second electric power line. An EEP-ROM is provided which can hold the stored data even when electric power supply is interrupted. When a power switch is turned ON, and an ECU is operative, a CPU detects the interruption of the electric power supply through the second electric power line based on the state of a standby bit. After detecting the interruption of the electric power supply, the CPU makes the count of the counter in the EEP-ROM count up. When the count reaches or exceeds the preset number n, i.e.

Abstract: A portable display device is capable of monitoring the residual capacity of a traveling battery from the outside of an electric vehicle, and conducting operations such as locking and unlocking of a door from outside of the vehicle and controlling the operation of the air conditioner through wireless means. This portable display device is inserted into an insertion section provided in an instrument panel of the vehicle for operating the vehicle. If an ID code in the portable display device agrees with an ID code in the vehicle, a traveling switch is unlocked. Then, if the traveling switch is operated, a steering lock device is released and the traveling motor is connected to the traveling battery in a state in which the electric vehicle is operable.

Abstract: Supply of ac current from the marina source to the boat's DC loads is permitted only when an isolation relay completes the electrical circuit therebetween. A control means monitor the boats battery voltage, battery charger current and DC load current, and supplies operating current to the isolation relay only when those monitored conditions indicate a need for the supply of current from the on-shore source to the boat. The duration in which the on-shore ground lead is connected to the boat's ground system, a customary path for electrolysis currents, and corrosion damage caused by those currents, and the duration of consumption of on-shore electricity, are thus limited.

Abstract: A contactor control system for a DC electric power system for reducing contactor tip contamination from dry-switching includes a first switch connected in circuit between a power source and a controller for enabling the controller upon closure of the first switch. A PTC resistor is connected between the first switch and a filter capacitor whereby charging current is supplied to the capacitor upon closure of the first switch. A solid-state switch is connected in series circuit with an electromagnetic actuator of a contactor having power contact tips in circuit between the power source and a load. The series combination of the actuator and solid-state switch is connected in parallel circuit with the filter capacitor.

Abstract: A switched-inverter modulator for use in driving a load that comprises master and slave high voltage power supplies for providing output pulses that directly drive the load. A synchronized pulse generator provides pulse width tinting and synchronized amplitude commands to the master power supply. The timing pulse instructs the power supplies when to initiate high voltage and for what time interval. The analog waveform instructs the master power supply as to what high voltage level to obtain. The master power supply may have multiple slaves connected in parallel for additional current capacity. A low voltage DC capacitor bank is connected in parallel with each of the power supplies to supplement energy storage. Isolation resistors are coupled between outputs of the respective high voltage power supplies and the load to minimize temporary shorts from ringing back into the power supplies.

Abstract: A battery system for a vehicle includes a main battery for energizing the vehicle SLI circuits and an auxiliary battery for energizing the vehicle EHC system, the battery system providing back-up of the auxiliary battery by the main battery under certain conditions and back-up of the main battery by the auxiliary battery under certain other conditions, and the battery system providing opportunity charging of the auxiliary battery once the vehicle engine is running whereby the auxiliary battery shares the charging current with the main battery with the auxiliary battery being gradually connected to the source of charging current for the main battery by increasing the duty cycle of the drive circuit that connects the auxiliary battery to the source of charging current while monitoring the state of charge of the main battery and decreasing the duty cycle of the drive circuit to protect the main battery state of charge.

Abstract: A control circuit arrangement for controlling the after-running of an operating device in a motor vehicle is described, with which after shutting off the ignition the operating device is provided with voltage for a certain time interval by an associated voltage regulator and a switching means including a transistor. The shut off of the voltage provided to the operating device occurs by changing the input potential of the voltage regulator. Otherwise without the arrangement of the invention an external or internal relay is needed to switch off the voltage. In various embodiment the potential change at the control input of the voltage regulator can be controlled by electronic hardware devices or by a microprocessor under the control of software.

Abstract: An apparatus for switching on and off vehicular electrical loads. The switching of these loads is controlled automatically by sensing alternator output voltage either alone or in combination with alternator frequency and or vehicle battery voltage.

Abstract: For fuel economy, it is known that the engine of a motor vehicle may be turned off during vehicle operation while the electrical power for various appliances, such as the lighting circuit or the radio must be maintained. Upon restarting the engine, there may be a voltage drop in the vehicle supply circuit voltage with deteriorating effects in the lighting circuit and possibly failure of the radio. The disclosed circuit prevents such effects by limiting the rate of change of variations in vehicle supply circuit voltage as a function of connecting and disconnecting of a high-power component such as the starter.

Abstract: A dynamic realtime management system for a powered vehicle includes a microprocessor for sensing realtime parameters related to the condition of the powered vehicle. A plurality of input sensors are connected to components of the powered vehicle to transmit condition information to the microprocessor. A memory stores the sensed values of the realtime parameters and the programs for defining relationships between certain of the sensed values of the realtime parameters. A display produces a humanly perceivable signal related to the condition information. The microprocessor is connected to the display to transmit a condition output to the display. The microprocessor is programmed to determine continuously and automatically a plurality of unknown values relative to the conditions of the powered vehicle as a function of the sensed values of the realtime parameters. The microprocessor produces an interaction indication result for determining the status of the components of the powered vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention is a cell bypass switch particularly designed for aerospace applications. The cell bypass switch can sense a battery cell failure and automatically opens an alternate path around the failed cell, bypassing the failure and allowing the remainder of the battery system to continue its function. The cell bypass switch is designed to be placed in parallel with the battery cell it protects. The present invention includes two electro-mechanical actuator assemblies which are mounted on the top end of the housing for operating two plungers respectively. Each of the electro-mechanical actuator assembly includes two spool halves which are held together by a tight winding of a restraining wire that terminates in a bridge wire connecting two electrical terminals of the electro-mechanical actuator. Each spool, by virtue of the restraining wire winding, can restrain a spring loaded plunger.

Abstract: A high voltage pulse generator for providing a high voltage pulse across a dielectric switch comprises a main high voltage pulse generator, an energy storing pulse forming line connected at one end to the main pulse generator and connected at the other end to an electrode of the dielectric switch, a high voltage trigger pulse generator and a ferrite loaded shock line. The ferrite loaded shock line, preferably located within the pulse forming line (or within a line on the output side of the switch), is connected at one end to the trigger pulse generator via a coaxial inner conductor and connected at the other end to a trigger electrode located within the dielectric switch. The pulse forming line enables a high voltage pulse to build up on the electrode of the dielectric switch, the trigger pulse having its edges sharpened by the shock line and triggering a discharge across a dielectric to an output line. This produces an extremely fast, high voltage pulse, e.g., for radar transmitter.

Abstract: A high voltage/high current electric pulse generator. Spark gap switches (E1, E2, E3) having a trigger electrode are connected to a trigger control circuit (CD). Switch (E1) is connected between the outer conductor of cable (C2) and an inner conductor of cable (C1). Switch (E2) is connected between the outer conductor of cable (C3) and the inner conductor of cable (C2). Switch (E3) is connected between output terminal (S) and the internal conductor of coaxial cable (C3). The outer conductor of cable (C1) is connected to ground and voltage source (SHT) is connected to internal conductors of the cables. The source charges cables (C1, C2, C3) in parallel when switches (E1, E2, E3) are off. A first ballast resistor (r) is connected between the first electrode and the trigger electrode. Load resistor (R6) is connected between the output terminal(S) and the external conductor of cable (C3). Resistor (R5) is connected between the outer conductor of cable (C 3) and the outer conductor of cable (C2).