Abstract: High-voltage pulses are generated and injected in a parallel-capacitative manner into the first stage of a multistage Marx generator at suitable intervals. The high-voltage pulses result in a longitudinal overvoltage triggering of the first spark gap of the Marx generator. As a result, industrial applications are able to generate, in a fault-free manner, high-voltage pulses having a predetermined repetition rate over a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: In order to provide a pulse power supply device using regenerating magnetic energy stored in a discharge circuit to a capacitor so as to use it as next discharge energy and supplying a bipolar pulse current with high repetition, a bridge circuit is composed of four inverse-conductive semiconductor switches, a charged energy source capacitor is connected to a DC terminal of the bridge circuit, and an inductive load is connected to its AC terminal. A control signal is supplied to gates of the inverse-conductive semiconductor switches, and a control is made so that when a discharge current rises, is maintained, or is reduced, all the gates are turned off, and the magnetic energy of the electric current can be automatically regenerated to the energy source capacitor by a diode function of the switches. Further, a large current power supply is inserted into a discharge circuit so as to replenish energy loss due to discharge, thereby enabling high-repetition discharge.

Abstract: In order to provide a pulse power supply device using regenerating magnetic energy stored in a discharge circuit to a capacitor so as to use it as next discharge energy and supplying a bipolar pulse current with high repetition, a bridge circuit is composed of four inverse-conductive semiconductor switches, a charged energy source capacitor is connected to a DC terminal of the bridge circuit, and an inductive load is connected to its AC terminal. A control signal is supplied to gates of the inverse-conductive semiconductor switches, and a control is made so that when a discharge current rises, is maintained or is reduced, all the gates are turned off, and the magnetic energy of the electric current can be automatically regenerated to the energy source capacitor by a diode function of the switches. Further, a large-current power supply is inserted into a discharge circuit so as to replenish energy loss due to discharge, thereby enabling high-repetition discharge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a capacitor arrangement (1) comprising at least one capacitor (2) having a first electrode (3) connected to a first conductive element (13) and a second electrode (4) connected to a second conductive element (14). The first and second conductive elements (13, 14) of the capacitors are separated by a dielectric (15). The integral capacitors are configured to each form a substantially circular-cylindrical body having a central through opening (17). By virtue of the invention, a compact capacitor arrangement is achieved, which minimizes the risk of electrical sparkovers. The invention is obtained by the introduction of four electrodes, a first and a second electrode (3, 4) being placed adjacent to the outer peripheral surface (18) of the body, whilst a third and a fourth electrode (7, 8) are placed adjacent to the central opening (17) of the body.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pulse power generator using a semiconductor switch, which enables its lifespan to be significantly improved, allows for its miniaturization, and makes it possible to diversely control a high-voltage pulse output finally. According to the pulse power generator, it is possible to address and solve a difficulty in driving the semiconductor switch in series, i.e., the problems related to synchronization and insulation of a driving power supply, and to include a circuit which can cope with the generation of arc and short circuit to thereby significantly improve device protecting performance and stability of the pulse power generator.

Abstract: A plasma generation system includes a pulse generator having at least one switch and that is configured to convert a DC voltage to a desired high frequency, high breakdown voltage pulse sufficient to break down a high-breakdown voltage gap, wherein all pulse generator switches are solely low to medium voltage, high frequency switches, and further configured to apply the breakdown voltage to a plasma load for the generation of plasma. In one application, the plasma generation system is useful to manipulate the flow of jets and provide highly efficient acoustic noise reduction.

Abstract: The production and emission of high-energy microwave pulses are made possible by means of a device with a particularly compact design if the capacitor column (12-12) of the Marx generator (11) whose series circuit conventionally itself feeds a microwave generator with a matched antenna geometry, is now itself used—dispensing with the microwave generator and its antenna—directly as a resonator and Hertzian antenna dipole (24). Its oscillation response can be optimized by triggered spark gaps (14) for the switching of capacitors (12), and by means of plates (19) connected at the ends, in order to increase the stray capacitances.

Abstract: A compact multi-cycle high power microwave generator and a method of using the generator to generate microwave signals is disclosed and claimed. The apparatus includes one or more charged transmission line sections. Each transmission line section includes a first conductor that is section-specific and a second conductor that is common to all of the sections. A switch is associated with each section, each switch being operatively connected to a respective one of the first conductors. The apparatus includes third, common conductor that is not charged and that is operatively connected to each of the first conductors through its respective switch. The apparatus further includes a load, with the second conductor, the third conductor, and the load being operatively connected. Thus, the number of section-specific conductors, the number of charged transmission line sections, and the number of switches are all equal. Engagement of the switches generates a multi-cycle microwave pulse.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pulse generator circuit for delivering a short high current pulse to a load. This pulse generator comprises a junction recovery diode, a switch, a first resonant circuit and a second resonant circuit. The diode may be configured to store charges in its depletion layer when there is a forward flow of a current and to rapidly switch open after the depletion layer is discharged by a reverse flow of a current. After the diode rapidly switch opens, the pulse generator may provide a reverse current to the load. This pulse generator may be configured to generate at least one pulse that is having a length of no more than 100 nanoseconds at the full-width-at-half-maximum and an amplitude of at least 1 kilovolt. Electrodes may be connected to the pulse generator to deliver one pulse or plurality of pulses to biological cells such as tumor cells.

Abstract: A pulse power source which can perform high repetition of pulse signals by enhancing the throughput of a pulse source is provided. The pulse power source includes: a charger; an initial-stage capacitor section which is provided with a capacitor charged by the charger; and a magnetic pulse compression circuit which performs magnetic pulse compression of a pulse current generated by discharging a charge from the capacitor at the initial-stage capacitor section and, thereafter, outputs the pulse current. An exposure device which includes the pulse power source is also provided. The pulse power source includes, between the initial-stage capacitor section and the magnetic pulse compression circuit, a transistor which controls timing of discharging a charge from the initial-stage capacitor section, an inductor which constitutes a resonance circuit together with the capacitor at the initial stage capacitor section, and a diode which rectifies the pulse current.

Abstract: In order to decouple the low-voltage charging source and its electrical drive from the high voltage which occurs in a Marx generator when the capacitor bank is switched from parallel connection to series connection, the high-voltage cable which is used on the output side and in which the conductive core is surrounded by a semiconductor for potential matching is also used on the input side, but for high-voltage decoupling after removal of the current-carrying core. Only the semiconductor in the high-voltage cable therefore remains as a resistance line for the small charging current into the parallel-connected capacitor bank of the Marx generator.

Abstract: An inductive pulse forming network stores electrical energy delivered from an outside prime power supply in the electric field of a low-voltage, high-energy density network capacitor. Through timed actuation of a series of one or more switches, the energy stored in the electric field of the network capacitor is subsequently converted to electrical energy stored in the magnetic field of a network inductor. The energy stored in the network inductor supplies high-current, high-power electrical energy to drive an electromagnetic launcher such as a railgun.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pulse generator circuit for delivering a short high current pulse to a load. This pulse generator comprises a junction recovery diode, a switch, a first resonant circuit and a second resonant circuit. The diode may be configured to store charges in its depletion layer when there is a forward flow of a current and to rapidly switch open after the depletion layer is discharged by a reverse flow of a current. After the diode rapidly switch opens, the pulse generator may provide a reverse current to the load. This pulse generator may be configured to generate at least one pulse that is having a length of no more than 100 nanoseconds at the full-width-at-half-maximum and an amplitude of at least 1 kilovolt. Electrodes may be connected to the pulse generator to deliver one pulse or plurality of pulses to biological cells such as tumor cells.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating high power, wideband microwave radiation pulses. A pulse generating device includes a capacitor as a primary electric energy store, a source of mechanical or chemical energy for modifying the capacitance of the capacitor, which then connects to a transmission line or pulse forming line (PFL) with many times increased electromagnetic energy, a switch and a broadband radiating element such as an antenna. A high voltage pulse and accordingly a high amount of electromagnetic energy is formed owing to decreasing the capacitance of an initially charged capacitor by dynamically changing a configuration of capacitor electrodes using mechanical work. The final configuration forms a transmission line, with the voltage and electric energy increased by the ratio of initial capacitance to final capacitance when the charge on the modifying capacitor is conserved.

Abstract: Electric fence energizers used with fencing systems are provided. The energizers can be used to provide an unsafe electric shock, as defined by safety agencies such as UL, where the electric fence energizers are capable of operating continuously regardless of the fence load. Alternately, the energizers can be equipped so as to be selectively set in one of a plurality of modes of operation, for example, “unsafe mode”, “lethal mode”, and “safe mode”.

Abstract: High-voltage pulses are generated and injected in a parallel-capacitative manner into the first stage of a multistage Marx generator at suitable intervals. The high-voltage pulses result in a longitudinal overvoltage triggering of the first spark gap of the Marx generator. As a result, industrial applications are able to generate, in a fault-free manner, high-voltage pulses having a predetermined repetition rate over a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a high voltage pulse. A series of voltage cells are connected such that charging capacitors can be charged in parallel and discharged in series. Each cell includes a main switch and a return switch. When the main switches are turned on, the capacitors in the cells are in series and discharge. When the main switches are turned off and the return switches are turned on, the capacitors charge in parallel. One or more of the cells can be inactive without preventing a pulse from being generated. The amplitude, duration, rise time, and fall time can be controlled with the voltage cells. Each voltage cell may also includes a balance network to match the stray capacitance seen by each voltage cell. Droop compensation is also enabled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a high voltage pulse. A series of voltage cells are connected such that charging capacitors can be charged in parallel and discharged in series. Each cell includes a main switch and a return switch. When the main switches are turned on, the capacitors in the cells are in series and discharge. When the main switches are turned off and the return switches are turned on, the capacitors charge in parallel. One or more of the cells can be inactive without preventing a pulse from being generated. The amplitude, duration, rise time, and fall time can be controlled with the voltage cells. Each voltage cell may also include a balance network to match the stray capacitance seen by each voltage cell. Droop compensation is also enabled. Isolation diodes ensure that a discharge current can bypass inoperable voltage cells.

Abstract: In order to provide a pulse power supply device using regenerating magnetic energy stored in a discharge circuit to a capacitor so as to use it as next discharge energy and supplying a bipolar pulse current with high repetition, a bridge circuit is composed of four inverse-conductive semiconductor switches, a charged energy source capacitor is connected to a DC terminal of the bridge circuit, and an inductive load is connected to its AC terminal. A control signal is supplied to gates of the inverse-conductive semiconductor switches, and a control is made so that when a discharge current rises, is maintained, or is reduced, all the gates are turned off, and the magnetic energy of the electric current can be automatically regenerated to the energy source capacitor by a diode function of the switches. Further, a large current power supply is inserted into a discharge circuit so as to replenish energy loss due to discharge, thereby enabling high-repetition discharge.

Abstract: A voltage converter having a sealed case, a pair of opposing, spaced apart planar electrodes located within the sealed case, a pack of porous dielectric powder filled between the planar electrodes, and an auxiliary electrode electrically connected to one of the planar electrodes and having a portion extending through the pack of porous dielectric powder toward the other planar electrode. When a DC high voltage is applied to one of the planar electrodes, a DC source voltage containing a specific pulsating component is outputted from the other planar electrode.

Abstract: Capacitor based pulse forming networks and methods are provided which require fewer inductors are that pulsed more frequently to provide a smaller, lower mass, and lower inductance pulse forming network having better pulse shaping characteristics than conventional pulse forming networks. In one implementation, the invention can be characterized as a capacitor based pulse forming network comprising a plurality of inductors adapted to be coupled to a load, a plurality of capacitor units, and a plurality of switches. Each switch couples a respective capacitor unit to a respective inductor, wherein multiple capacitor units are coupled to each inductor by separate switches. The plurality of switches are adapted to non-simultaneously discharge at least some of the multiple capacitor units to provide non-simultaneous pulses through a given inductor to the load and not through other inductors. The non-simultaneous pulses form at least a portion of an output pulse waveform to the load.

Abstract: A capacitor-type pulse power apparatus for generating an electric current power pulse through an electrical load, comprises a charging power supply and at least one pulse power supply module. The pulse power supply module includes at least one capacitor for storing an electrical energy supplied by the charging power supply and a semiconductor switch assembly having an input coupled to the capacitor for allowing the stored electrical energy to be transferred from the capacitor to the electrical load. The semiconductor switch allows current reversal in order to extend duration of application of the electrical energy through the electrical load.

Abstract: A compact Marx-type generator capable of producing high voltage pulses into low impedance loads. A parallel switch and distributed capacitance topology produce a coaxial-like conduction through the Marx-like circuit, resulting in a low source impedance. The parallel switching topology also lends itself to high repetition rates. Without loss of generality the device may be used, for example, as a source for vacuum diode loads, such as in flash radiography and high power microwaves.

Abstract: A method and system for the generation of high voltage, pulsed, periodic dielectric barrier or corona discharges is capable of being used in the presence of conductive liquid droplets and over contaminated or uneven surfaces. The method and system can be used, for example, in different devices for cleaning of gaseous or liquid media or for surface sterilization using pulsed dielectric barrier or corona discharge. The pulsed power generator includes a storage capacitor a high voltage switch operably connected to said storage capacitor, and a charger of the storage capacitor which generates charging pulses until a spark gap breakdown occurs which gives a feedback signal to stop further charging until the beginning of the next charging cycle.

Abstract: A switching pulse generating circuit includes: a load current setting portion to determine the amount of current flowing through a load based on a load current setting signal, the load current setting signal being externally supplied to the load current setting portion, the load current setting signal specifying the amount of current flowing through the load; and a pulse generating portion to output voltage supplying pulses, the output voltage supplying pulses supplying voltage to the load, the pulse width of the voltage supplying pulses being determined based on the load current setting signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a pulse at a particular time dictated by an input. The apparatus may comprise an offset voltage generator for generating an offset voltage that is a function of the input, a current generator for generating a current, a ramp voltage generator for generating a ramp voltage having an initial value as a function of the offset voltage and a slope as a function of the current, and a pulse generator for generating a pulse in response to the ramp voltage reaching a threshold voltage. With this configuration, the time the pulse is generated is controlled by the input. This may be used in transceivers to control the time of transmission and the time of reception. Such times may be used to set up communication channels, such as ultra-wide band (UWB) channels, for communicating with other devices.

Abstract: A solid-state high-voltage pulse generator based on a three-phase chopper capacitance charger is described. In a first phase, an intermediate capacitor is resonance-charged via a diode. In a second phase, the intermediate capacitor is discharged to the load through one or more solid-state switches. In a third phase, the energy remaining in the intermediate capacitor is returned to a power-supply filter capacitor. In one embodiment, the three-phase chopper includes an intermediate capacitor that is charged by first and fourth branches of a bridge and discharged by second and third branches of a bridge. In one embodiment, each branch of the bridge includes a diode in series with an inductor. In one embodiment, a composite solid-state switch connects the intermediate capacitor to a primary winding of an output transformer such that the intermediate capacitor discharges through the primary winding. In one embodiment, a secondary winding of the output transformer is provided to an output load.

Abstract: The production and emission of high-energy microwave pulses are made possible by means of a device with a particularly compact design if the capacitor column (12-12) of the Marx generator (11) whose series circuit conventionally itself feeds a microwave generator with a matched antenna geometry, is now itself used—dispensing with the microwave generator and its antenna—directly as a resonator and Hertzian antenna dipole (24). Its oscillation response can be optimized by triggered spark gaps (14) for the switching of capacitors (12), and by means of plates (19) connected at the ends, in order to increase the stray capacitances.

Abstract: In order to decouple the low-voltage charging source and its electrical drive from the high voltage which occurs in a Marx generator when the capacitor bank is switched from parallel connection to series connection, the high-voltage cable which is used on the output side and in which the conductive core is surrounded by a semiconductor for potential matching is also used on the input side, but for high-voltage decoupling after removal of the current-carrying core. Only the semiconductor in the high-voltage cable therefore remains as a resistance line for the small charging current into the parallel-connected capacitor bank of the Marx generator.

Abstract: Electric fence energizers used with fencing systems are provided. The energizers can be used to provide an unsafe electric shock, as defined by safety agencies such as UL, where the electric fence energizers are capable of operating continuously regardless of the fence load. Alternately, the energizers can be equipped so as to be selectively set in one of a plurality of modes of operation, for example, “unsafe mode”, “lethal mode”, and “safe mode”.

Abstract: The features of this invention allow construction and operation of a variety of high voltage, high repetition rated pulse generators of the Marx type that are switched with photon initiated semiconductor switches. The Photon Initiated Switches can be constructed with bulk materials or in layered devices such as thyristors. Variations on the invention permit the formation of nearly rectangular, flat-topped, high voltage pulses. Although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to these preferred embodiments, other embodiments can achieve the same results without departing from the scope of the invention. Variations and modifications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents. The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference.

Abstract: A solid-state high-voltage pulse generator based on a three-phase chopper capacitance charger is described. In a first phase, an intermediate capacitor is resonance-charged via a diode. In a second phase, the intermediate capacitor is discharged to the load through one or more solid-state switches. In a third phase, the energy remaining in the intermediate capacitor is returned to a power-supply filter capacitor. In one embodiment, the three-phase chopper includes an intermediate capacitor that is charged by first and fourth branches of a bridge and discharged by second and third branches of a bridge. In one embodiment, each branch of the bridge includes a diode in series with an inductor. In one embodiment, a composite solid-state switch connects the intermediate capacitor to a primary winding of an output transformer such that the intermediate capacitor discharges through the primary winding. In one embodiment, a secondary winding of the output transformer is provided to an output load.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a high voltage pulse. A series of voltage cells are connected such that charging capacitors can be charged in parallel and discharged in series. Each cell includes a main switch and a return switch. When the main switches are turned on, the capacitors in the cells are in series and discharge. When the main switches are turned off and the return switches are turned on, the capacitors charge in parallel. One or more of the cells can be inactive without preventing a pulse from being generated. The amplitude, duration, rise time, and fall time can be controlled with the voltage cells. Each voltage cell also includes a balance network to match the stray capacitance seen by each voltage cell.

Abstract: A device for generating an intense radio frequency pulse through use of a helical Magneto-Cumulative Generator (MCG). The MCG provides a chemical explosion and acts as a converter to transform the chemical/mechanical energy into an electrical energy impulse. Due to the detonation/combustion process, a vortex wake is produced which assumes the role of a quarter-wave trap/antenna. If the MCG is in high velocity flight, a bow-shaped shockwave, followed by a second shock front, is established around the head of the MCG, becoming a second antenna. Without flight, two MCG's are placed head-to-head so that the vortex wakes emit in opposite directions. Since the explosion destroys the MCG, a model is created to perform multiple tests of the ability of an MCG to act as an RF device.

Abstract: A high voltage pulse generator utilizes an even number of Marx cells using L-C inversion topology. Each Marx cell is associated with an individual inverter transformer having a primary winding connected to the output of an ac power supply such as a series resonant inverter. The secondary of each inverter transformer is half-wave rectified to charge the energy storage capacitors in each Marx cell. A distributed voltage sensing scheme can be provided for accurate feedback to the inverter's controller. An inductive element can be used to achieve a magnetic diode effect in the L-C inversion circuit to reduce component stress and improve efficiency. A transformer-coupled floating gate drive circuit is used to provide local power conditioning and trigger timing for discharge of the energy storage capacitors.

Abstract: In trigger/firing arrangement in a Marx generator comprising n stage capacitors—n being a natural number greater than 1-, the same amount of spark gaps and 2(n?1) charging branches, with the spark gaps operating in a self-breakdown mode, the trigger-/firing arrangement comprises at least a pulse transformer connected to an pulse generator in at least one of the charging branches of the Marx-generator, which with the associated stage capacitor bridges a spark gap—except for the output end spark gap—a pulse transformer is disposed, whose output winding operates during charging as a charging winding and whose input winding is connected to the pulse generator in such a way that the voltage pulse generated with this pulse transformer during triggering of the pulse generator is added to the charge voltage of the associated stage capacitor and, with a corresponding polarity, generates an over-voltage sufficient for initiating self-breakdown at this spark gap.

Abstract: A vector inversion generator utilizes closed-path ferrites to modify the characteristics of the generator. The closed-path ferrites increase an inductance within a portion of the generator and additionally provide a protective shield for associated electronic circuits. By increasing the inductance, the closed-path ferrites increase the voltage efficiency and the energy efficiency of the generator.

Abstract: A signal generator has matched reference (4) and modulation (6) ramp circuits, each including current source (8, 32), capacitance (10) charged by the current source, voltage detector (18) and switch (24). The output of one of the voltage detectors (8) controls both switches (24), and the output of the other voltage detector (18) is used as the output.

Abstract: There is provided a pulse generating circuit, which generates two pulses having a sign of amplitude different from each other, including: a step recovery diode of which electric potential of an anode and a cathode is respectively output as the pulses; a bias unit operable to select either a forward bias or a backward bias according to a given control signal and apply the selected bias to the step recovery diode; a forward current source operable to prescribe a forward current to be supplied to the step recovery diode when the forward bias is applied to the step recovery diode; and a backward current source operable to prescribe a backward current to be supplied to the step recovery diode when the backward bias is applied to the step recovery diode.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pulse device having a conductive coil, and optionally a conductive core disposed within the coil and spaced apart there from. One or more plasma discharge devices are disposed at least partially along a length of the conductive coil and are spaced apart from the conductive coil. A spark gap or similar device is attached to the plasma discharge devices to activate them to produce a traveling electric discharge. The discharge creates a traveling short circuit in the conductive coil thereby compressing the magnetic field. The result is the production of an electromagnetic pulse. Further disclosed is a method for producing an electromagnetic pulse.

Abstract: A high-voltage pulse generator includes a storage capacitor which is connected to a voltage source via leads. One of the leads is connected to a reference potential via a node point. A switching device is connected in parallel with the storage capacitor on the voltage source side. An output inductance is connected to the one lead via a further node point arranged between the storage capacitor and the first node point. A diode lies between the node points.

Abstract: Intensive microwave radiation in particular of great band width and energy over a relatively long period of time in the form of long pulse packets with a high pulse repetition frequency and a very high frequency spectrum can be achieved if microwave irradiation is effected during the discharge of a capacitive high-voltage generator (35) by way of the antenna (26) into a series of successive capacitors (13) to be connected in parallel. They are preferably constructed in the form of a concentric stack, connected to the antenna (26), of which the outer electrodes (16) which are at a reference potential are in the form of a continuous tube within which annular electrodes (15) are disposed on a carrier (20) in axially spaced relationship with each other in such a way that at the same time they act as the electrodes of arc switches (39) for successively switching on subsequent capacitors (13).

Abstract: A device and a method for generating intense and brief variations of magnetic pressure, predetermined and controlled, capable of being isentropic inside a sample (23) of solid material. An electromagnetic cell (1) includes a flat parallel line of conductive material having two branches (4, 5) in the form of planar plates, of similar shapes and dimensions, separated from each other by a distance of not more than 3 mm, one of which (4) bears the sample (23) rigidly fixed on the branch (4), the two branches (4, 5) being electrically connected to each other by an end junction strip (7), and electrically connected, opposite the end junction strip, to elements (2, 3) generating electric current pulses so as to produce in less than 500 ns an electric current flowing in the electronic cell (1).

Abstract: A trigger circuit is provided for a trigger system for a Marx generator column. The column includes a plurality of metal electrode pairs wherein the electrodes of each pair are spaced to form a spark gap therebetween and a capacitor is connected across each gap. The trigger system includes a three electrode (trigatron) spark gap switch forming the first spark gap of the Marx generator column. The triggering circuit includes a trigger transformer having primary and secondary windings. The secondary winding is connected through a connecting cable to a blocking capacitor of an input circuit of the trigatron switch. A charging capacitor is connected to an oscillator power supply so as to be charged thereby to the output voltage (e.g., 345 volts) of the oscillator power supply. An electronic switch (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention is a device using a non-linear capacitor and voltage amplification effect, which can generate a pulse having a short pulse width at high voltage. The device comprises a rectification circuit for rectifying the AC input power supply, a semiconductor switch connected to one output terminal of said rectification circuit, a primary coil connected between an output of said semiconductor switch and the other output terminal of said rectification circuit, a diode in which the cathode thereof is connected to the output of said semiconductor switch, a capacitor connected between an anode of said diode and the other output terminal of said rectification circuit, a secondary coil in which one terminal thereof is connected to the anode of said diode, a non-linear capacitor connected between the other terminal of said secondary coil and the other output terminal of said rectification circuit, and a load connected in parallel across two terminals of said non-linear capacitor.

Abstract: The method of obtaining the adjustable capacitor permits transforming all types of capacitors (including Electrolytic, Vacuum, Gas, high-voltage capacitors) into adjustable capacitors without mechanical parts inside capacitors and provides broad ranges of changing the capacity of adjustable capacitors in electric circuits of direct and alternating current and in all types of Marx Generators. The method comprising the steps of: choosing the capacity of one capacitor bigger and connecting said capacitor in series with at least one or two other capacitors; connecting capacitor plates of these capacitors through devices, which change their electrical states; changing the states of said devices within charging and discharging said capacitors and the step of combining plates of said capacitors which ensures the lowest cost price of manufacturing said capacitors. The present invention can be used for controlling the maximum voltage of a load and for changing motor speed.

Abstract: Energy-supply systems that supply energy in the power range of a few Megawatts (MW) to Gigawatts (GW) within a pulse duration of a few milliseconds (ms) are referred to as pulse-current supplies. Such known energy supply system primarily comprises a charging device for charging an energy store, a plurality of plate-type capacitors as energy stores, a high-power switch for releasing the stored energy, and a pulse-shaping device. The structural shape required for storing the energy in particular makes known pulse-current supplies highly complex, voluminous and costly. In contrast, the present invention involves using wound capacitors (20) and high-power switches (4) instead of conventional plate-type capacitors and high-power radio paths, which reduces the structural space requirement. The pulse shaping is effected by a toroidal coil (5) and a free-wheeling diode (3). Light-switched thyristors mounted in the free space (5.1) of the toroid coil (5) can preferably be used as high-power switches (4).

Abstract: In a light-emitting-diode lamp, there is provided an input impedance-changing circuit for establishing a low input impedance circuit when the light-emitting-diode lamp is missingline turned off. This input impedance-changing circuiting comprises Shunt circuit section, and a detector circuit section. The shunt circuit section includes a low impedance element and a controllable switching device connected in series. The detector circuit section detects turning off of the light-emitting-diode lamp and, in response to such detection, close the switching device to thereby cause electric current to flow through the shunt circuit section in order to simulate lower input impedance of the light-emitting-diode lamp. When the light-emitting-diode lamp replaces a conventional traffic signal incandescent lamp, the input impedance-changing circuitry prevents the conflict monitor of the already installed traffic-light lamp system to detect a high lamp impedance and accordingly a faulty lamp.

Abstract: A high-voltage pulse generator includes a storage capacitor which is connected to a voltage source via leads. One of the leads is connected to a reference potential via a node point. A switching device is connected in parallel with the storage capacitor on the voltage source side. An output inductance is connected to the one lead via a further node point arranged between the storage capacitor and the first node point. A diode lies between the node points.

Abstract: Several storage condensers (1, 1′, . . . 1″) are mounted in parallel. Several thyristors (2, 2′, . . . 2″) are each mounted in parallel with one condenser (1, 1′, . . . 1″) to ensure the individual discharge of each condenser without modification of the condition of the other condensers. The discharge of the condensers (1, 1′, . . . 1″) is controlled in sequence so as to deliver to the secondary of the transformer a complex pulse comprised by a series of elemental pulses, each elemental pulse corresponding to the individual discharge of one condenser.