Abstract: In implementations described herein, A/V recording and communication doorbell devices (“A/V doorbells”) and signaling devices may be powered from a common AC waveform. In some implementations, an A/V doorbell and its corresponding signaling device may be arranged in a circuit loop where a portion of an AC waveform is used to power the A/V doorbell and the other portions of the AC waveform is used to power the signaling device. For example, a positive phase of the AC waveform may be used to power one of the A/V doorbell or signaling device and a negative phase of the AC waveform may be used to power the other of the A/V doorbell or signaling device. In some cases, an energy harvester device may be used to slow charge a battery or supercapacitor from the circuit loop to power the A/V doorbell and/or signaling device.

Abstract: A magnetic impedance sensor comprises an amorphous wire 1 of a magneto-sensitive material as the magneto-impedance element, a pulse oscillator means 2 that alternately reverses and outputs a basic pulse current and a compensating pulse current with polarity opposite to the basic pulse current in predetermined periods, and a signal processing means 3 that converts an alternate current voltage generated in response to a magnetic field intensity around the amorphous wire by a magnetic impedance effect of the amorphous wire according to the pulse current into a magnetic signal voltage in response to the magnetic field intensity, and outputs the magnetic signal voltage. Since the amorphous wire 1 is repeatedly reversely magnetized in the u and v circumferential directions, due to compensating the negative pulse current, the magnetic sensor with excellent linear characteristics are obtained.

Abstract: A common zero volt reference AC/DC power supply with positive and negative rectification, and method of operation thereof. The power supply comprises an input for receiving an AC input voltage and an output for outputting a DC output voltage, the AC input and DC output having a common zero volt reference. The power supply comprises a first rectifier and a second rectifier, for respectively performing a half-wave rectification of a positive half cycle and negative half cycle of the AC input voltage. The power supply comprises control logic for detecting the negative half cycle of the AC input voltage and activating the second rectifier upon the detection. The power supply comprises a power converter for converting a DC rectified voltage received from at least one of the first and second rectifiers into the DC output voltage.

Abstract: A device for heating hydrocarbon resources in a subterranean formation having a wellbore therein may include an RF antenna configured to be positioned within the wellbore to heat the hydrocarbon resources in the subterranean formation. The device may further include a radio frequency (RF) source, and an RF transmission line coupling the RF antenna and the RF source. The RF transmission line may include ferromagnetic material. A magnetic source may be magnetically coupled to the RF transmission line and configured to magnetically saturate the ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A switching unit serves for the arithmetic linking of at least two input signals supplied to the switching unit. For this purpose, the switching unit provides a switching matrix to which the at least two input signals are supplied. The switching matrix applies at least one summation operation to at least two input signals and/or at least one multiplication operation to at least one input signal. Additionally or alternatively, the switching matrix can also connect at least one input signal directly through to a first output. The switching matrix comprises for this purpose several current switches.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a magnetizing inrush current suppression apparatus including an interrupting phase detection unit that detects a phase when the transformer that converts a three-phase alternating-current voltage to a single-phase alternating-current voltage is disconnected, a single-phase alternating-current voltage measurement unit that measures the single-phase alternating-current voltage on the power system side of the circuit breaker, and a closing unit that closes the circuit breaker in the detected phase, based on the measured single-phase alternating-current voltage.

Abstract: A switching system. The switching system includes an optical component, an electromagnetic switch, an auxiliary adjustment structure, and a control circuit. The optical component reflects or refracts a light. The electromagnetic switch, on one side of the optical component, controls the optical component to rotate or move in a direction. The auxiliary adjustment structure, on the optical component, controls the optical component to rotate or move in other direction. The control circuit, coupled to the electromagnetic switch, adjusts an on-off signal of the electromagnetic switch by a native frequency of the switching system, wherein the native frequency is obtained from an initial signal.

Abstract: A method for operating a magnetic logic device (10) is described wherein at least one output variable O=F (IA, IB) is formed from input variables (IA, IB) by at least one logic operation with an operator function F of the magnetic logic device (10), whereby the logic device (10) is set at a starting state for executing the operator function F with a certain operator control signal (SET) before the operation, whereby the operator control signal is selected from a group of control signals with which various non-volatile starting states can be set in a controlled manner, each state being characteristic of a different logic function. Furthermore, a magnetic logic device (10) equipped for implementation of this method is also described.

Abstract: A method and device for connecting a load to an AC power source is arranged to ensure that the volt-second ratings of magnetic devices in the load are not exceeded, in order to limit in-rush currents resulting from saturation of the magnetic devices. In the case where the load is being disconnected from a first AC source and connected to a second AC source, the volt-seconds of the load can be measured and/or calculated during disconnect, in order to delay connection of the load to the second AC source by an amount sufficient to prevent saturation of magnetic devices and thereby ensure volt-second synchronization of the sources.

Abstract: A method and device for connecting a load to an AC power source is arranged to ensure that the volt-second ratings of magnetic devices in the load are not exceeded, in order to limit in-rush currents resulting from saturation of the magnetic devices. In the case where the load is being disconnected from a first AC source and connected to a second AC source, the volt-seconds of the load can be measured and/or calculated during disconnect, in order to delay connection of the load to the second AC source by an amount sufficient to prevent saturation of magnetic devices and thereby ensure volt-second synchronization of the sources.

Abstract: A saturable reactor is in a conductive state or has a magnetic switching function depending on the direction of the current flowing through it. Also provided is a power source apparatus for pulse laser utilizing the satiable reactor.

Abstract: A magnetic storage medium comprises a keeper layer of soft magnetic, saturable material disposed upon a magnetic storage layer. The keeper layer is disposed above the magnetic storage layer, and a non-magnetic "break" layer may be used between the keeper and the storage layer to reduce the exchange coupling between these layers. To increase the ability of the keeper layer to shunt flux from the magnetic storage layer, a longitudinal anisotropy is induced in the keeper layer. This establishes a desired magnetic orientation of the keeper which facilitates maintaining the regularity (i.e., relative uniformity) of the transitions, and reducing the magnetic interaction between transitions as the spacing between transitions is reduced to provide denser media. Specifically, the longitudinal anisotropy may be oriented either circumferentially or radially relative to the plane of rotation of the magnetic storage layer.

Abstract: A process resulting in enhanced pole performance, relative to permalloy poles, in narrow track magnetic devices. A preferred process includes increasing the anisotropy field of the pole material while maintaining an acceptable coercivity level and near zero magnetostriction. One embodiment utilizes a NiCoFe alloy containing 22% cobalt by weight, heat treated in an easy axis magnetic field in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. This process achieves favorable domain structures at narrow pole tip widths.

Abstract: A magnetic core is obtained by winding or laminating at least one alloy ribbon and has excellent squareness characteristic and magnetic saturation characteristic in a high frequency region wherein the squareness ratio of the magnetic core is improved by restricting the surface roughness of the alloy ribbon to specific regions.

Abstract: A soft magnetic film having a high saturation magnetic flux density and superior soft magnetic properties and capable of maintaining superior soft magnetic properties when worked to a magnetic head. The magnetic film is represented by the general formula of Fe.sub.x M.sub.y L.sub.z J.sub.u Q.sub.w, wherein M denotes at least one selected from the group of Ru, Cr, Ti, Mo, W and Rh, L denotes at least one selected from the group of Y, Hf, Zr, Ta and Nb, J denotes at least one of Al and Ga, Q denotes at least one of Si and Ge and x, y, z, u and w denote the proportions of respective atoms in atom %, and wherein the composition is given by 68.ltoreq.x<80, 3.ltoreq.y<12, 3<z<5, 0.ltoreq.u<10 and 10<w<25. The soft magnetic film is formed on non-magnetic or magnetic ceramics and worked into a magnetic head.

Abstract: A switch matrix having internal redundancy by combining outputs of two internal channels to form one single internally redundant channel. 1 by N, M by 1 and M by N switch matrices may be constructed using the principles of the present invention. Each input signal line is coupled between a signal input and a terminating resistor and each output signal line is coupled between a signal output and a terminating resistor. Switching nodes are formed that comprise an input line, a plurality of output lines, and a plurality of pairs of couplers that are respectively interconnected by way of respective switches used to select the input line and couple it to a respective output line. Pairs of output signal lines are connected to a single signal output to form internally redundant channels. The nodes may include a second serially coupled switch connected between the input and output couplers to provide redundancy if either one of the switches fail in a closed state.

Abstract: A magnetic core is obtained by winding or laminating at least one alloy ribbon and has excellent squareness characteristic and magnetic saturation characteristic in a high frequency region wherein the squareness ratio of the magnetic core is improved by restricting the surface roughness of the alloy ribbon to specific regions.

Abstract: In a pulse forming electrical circuit suitable for use with a gas discharge laser having continuously falling impedance, there is provided a saturable inductor operable to cause the output impedance of the circuitry to vary with the current drawn by the load thereby ensuring that the matching between the impedance of the circuitry and the load to be better than would be the case if the impedance of the circuitry were fixed.

Abstract: Saturable inductor and transformer for magnetic compression of an electronic pulse, using a continuous electrical conductor looped several times around a tightly packed core of saturable inductor material.

Abstract: An inductor used to allow in-circuit and functional testing at the same point on a test system. An inductor is used having a saturated state wherein the inductor functions to connect the test system to the device under test wherein when a large direct current passes through the wires it generates a large magnetic field saturating the core of the inductor. Thereafter, small increases or decreases in the current passing through the wires are not affected by the core since the core is already saturated. The inductor also has a not saturated state when the inductor functions to isolate the test system from the device under test in functional testing. The inductor in the not saturated state functions to minimize current flow from the test system and wires to minimize loading effects of the test system on the device under test.

Abstract: A high-voltage pulse generating apparatus having at least one magnetic switch comprising a magnetic core constituted by an Fe-base soft magnetic alloy ribbon wound in a toroidal form, the alloy having the composition represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein M is Co and/or Ni, M' is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, W, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti and Mo, M" is at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Mn, Al, elements in the platinum group, Sc, Y, rare earth elements, Au, Zn, Sn and Re, X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of C, Ge, P, Ga, Sb, In, Be and As, and a, x, y, z, .alpha., .beta. and .gamma. respectively satisfy 0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.5, 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.3, 6.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.25, 3.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.15, 14.ltoreq.y+z.ltoreq.30, 1.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.10, 0.ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.10 and 0.ltoreq..gamma..ltoreq.

Abstract: An inductor used to allow in-circuit and functional testing at the same point on a test system. A inductor is used having a saturated state wherein the inductor functions to connect the test system to the device under test wherein when a large direct current passes through the wires it generates a large magnetic field saturating the core of the inductor. Thereafter, small increases or decreases in the current passing through the wires are not affected by the core since the core is already saturated. The inductor also has a not saturated state when the inductor functions to isolate the test system from the device under test in functional testing. The inductor in the not saturated state functions to minimize current flow from the test system and wires to minimize loading effects of the test system on the device under test.

Abstract: A laser device equipped with a high-voltage pulse generator wherein the pulse generator supplies an electric energy from a dc power source in an on-off form of a supply voltage to a tank circuit through a transformer, with the switching on and off of the supply voltage being effected in synchronism with the resonance period of the tank circuit. The tank circuit stores the supplied electric energy as a resonance condition so that when the electric energy stored in the tank circuit reaches a predetermined value, a saturable reactor connected between the laser device and the tank circuit becomes saturated and the electric energy in the tank circuit is discharged to the laser device.

Abstract: A saturable inductor switch. The switch includes a number of spaced cores disposed adjacent one another with each core being made of ferromagnetic material. An insulative layer is disposed about each core and each core has an electrical winding about the insulative layer for that core. Each winding has a first end and a second end and is electrically connected to its respective core intermediate the ends. The windings are connected in series. All the cores have substantially the same size and shape, and all windings have substantially the same number of turns.

Abstract: A fail-safe electronic coincidence detecting circuit including a multiple winding saturable core reactor having a first and a second input winding and an output winding. An NPN transistor amplifier supplying a first pulse train to the first input winding and a PNP transistor amplifier supplying a second pulse train to the second input winding. The output winding producing signal pulses only when the first and second pulse trains are in synchronism.

Abstract: A two-lead Hall effect sensor (10) has a combined voltage supply and output terminal (12) and a ground or reference terminal (14). A Hall device (16), a comparator (18) and a voltage/current converter (20) are each connected between terminals (12) and (14). Hall device (16) supplies a first signal to comparator (18) when it senses a magnetic field strength above a predetermined amount, and supplies a second signal in the absence of the magnetic field strength. Comparator (18) in turn supplies either a first voltage state or a second voltage state to the converter (20). Converter (20) converts the first voltage state into a first current appearing at terminal (12), indicating the sensing of a magnetic field, and similarly converts the second voltage state to a second current, indicating a weak or absent magnetic field.

Abstract: A rotating flux transformer having at least two magnetic cores, each in the form of a torus, with each magnetic core having poloidal and toroidal windings. The need for breaking the torus and bringing out leads from the poloidal winding is eliminated by passing each torus through the core window of the remaining torus, or tori. Each poloidal winding is shorted, with the toroidal winding, or windings, of the other magnetic core or cores, inducing an excitation voltage into each shorted poloidal winding which is 90.degree. out of phase with the voltage applied to the toroidal winding on the same magnetic core.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor including a resonant circuit having a coil. The resonant frequency varies with the strength of the magnetic field which passes through the coil. The resonant circuit is energized for approximately one-half cycle of the resonant frequency which characterizes the circuit in the absence of a magnetic field. During a sensing window of predetermined duration which then immediately follows, the voltage across the coil is examined for a zero crossing. A zero crossing will occur only in the presence of a magnetic field whose amplitude exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: A fluxoid type superconducting logic element essentially comprises a single main superconductor loop and a switching element connected across the main superconductor loop. When the switching element is open, a permanent current flows in the main superconductor loop of the logic element at a cryogenic temperature, thereby sustaining a half-odd integer multiple of magnetic flux unit in each half of said main loop. When a small amount of input magnetic flux is applied to one half of the main loop and the switch is closed, the distribution of the magnetic flux varies according to the quantum theory to allow an integer multiple of magnetic flux to occupy each separated domain of the main loop. These two different magnetic flux distributions can be used to represent a binary state.

Abstract: An electrical excitation circuit is disclosed for a gas laser. The electrical excitation circuit includes a charging circuit connected in series with a pulse forming network between a power source and the laser load. The charging circuit includes a capacitor charged by the power source and a thyratron for transferring voltage to the pulse forming network. Alternatively, the charging circuit includes a capacitor charged upon the firing of a silicon controlled rectifier through a saturable step-up transformer which saturates for transferring voltage to the pulse forming network. The pulse forming network includes a saturable inductor switch positioned with respect to a capacitor so that when the voltage on the capacitor reaches a predetermined level, saturation of the saturable inductor switch releases electrical energy stored in the capacitor to the laser load.

Abstract: A high frequency switching circuit comprised of a single-ended switching circuit, rectifying-smoothing circuit and magnetic amplifier which is connected between said single-ended switching circuit and rectifying-smoothing circuit. The magnetic amplifier includes a saturable reactor which has a coercive force Hc of 0.6 Oe or above and a rectangular ratio Br/Bs of 80% or below at an operating frequency of 20 kHz. The saturable reactor is prepared from an amorphous magnetic alloy having a composition of(Co.sub.1-a-b-c Fe.sub.a Ni.sub.b M.sub.c).sub.1-d X.sub.dwhere:M=one element selected from a group consisting of the elements of Nb, Cr, Mo, V, Ta, Ti, Zr and WX=B or a compound of B and Si in which the content of Si is set at 25 atomic % or less0.04.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.150.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.100.005.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.0.100.15.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.0.30.

Abstract: A switching element is connected between a power supply and the primary winding of a transformer, and it is on-off controlled with a predetermined cycle and with a predetermined conducting period. The secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a parallel circuit of a filtering capacitor and a load via a rectifier diode and a choke coil. A closed circuit, to which the reflux current of the choke coil flows through the parallel circuit of the filtering capacitor and load, is formed by a reflux diode.

Abstract: A switching element, a transformer having a primary winding connected through said switching element to a DC power supply and a resonance capacitor connected in parallel with the primary winding of said transformer constitute a single-ended switching circuit. A magnetic amplifier is connected between the secondary side circuit of the transformer of the single-ended switching circuit and a rectifying/smoothing circuit, thus forming a high frequency switching circuit.

Abstract: A saturable inductor switch for compressing the width and sharpening the rise time of high voltage pulses from a relatively slow rise time, high voltage generator to an electric discharge gas laser (EDGL). The switch also provides a capability for efficient energy transfer from a high impedance primary source to an intermediate low impedance laser discharge network. More specifically, a saturable inductor switch is positioned with respect to a capacitive storage device, such as a coaxial cable, so that when a charge build-up in the storage device reaches a predetermined level, saturation of the switch inductor releases or switches energy stored in the capacitive storage device to the EDGL. Also disclosed are cascaded saturable inductor switches for providing output pulses having rise times of less than ten nanoseconds as required for efficient excitation of EDGL's, the pulse rise time being determined by the thickness of a high permeability material forming the saturable inductor switch.