Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator is constructed to have a displacement value caused by bending to be added to a usual d31 component displacement, thereby increasing the total amount of displacement of the actuator. The actuator includes an actuator body having a layered structure of piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes, and external electrodes disposed on an external surface of the actuator body at both ends thereof.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element has a very small size, has a high coefficient of electromechanical coupling, and can easily be impedance-matched to a circuit. An interdigital electrode, including two comb-shaped electrodes, is provided on one surface of a plate-like piezoelectric member, and similarly, an interdigital electrode, including two comb-shaped electrodes, is provided on another surface of the plate-like piezoelectric member. The piezoelectric member is polarized by applying electrical fields between the two respective pairs of comb-shaped electrodes; and in addition, by applying an electrical field for excitation between a terminal connecting one of the comb-shaped electrodes to each interdigital electrode, and another terminal connecting the other comb-shaped electrodes to each interdigital electrode, longitudinal vibrations in a stiffened mode are excited, whereby the piezoelectric member expands and contracts in the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: An electrically driven signal unit is adapted for one-step assembly or injection molding with a device housing to vibrate, flex, beep or emit audio signals, or to sense and provide tactile feedback or control. The signal unit is a package with one or more active areas each containing a layer of ferroelectric or piezoelectric material, connected by inactive areas which may position, align and conduct electricity to the active areas. The active areas may be coupled over a region to transmit compressional, shear or flxural wave energy into the housing, or may contact at discrete regions while bending or displacing elsewhere to create inertial disturbances or impulses which are coupled to create a tactile vibration of the housing. The unit may be assembled such that the housing, the sheet or discrete areas thereof form a bender to provide tactile or sub-auditory signals to the user, or may be dimensioned, attached and actuated to produce audio vibration in the combined structure and constitute a speaker.

Abstract: A laminated multi-layer piezoelectric transformer comprising two elements joined together with a conductive adhesive and having a bead of the conductive adhesive at the point of junction of the two elements on the exterior surface of the laminated multi-layer piezoelectric transformer and a mounting device for use therewith and comprising a conductive base having a first contact, and curvaceous arms extending at generally at right angles from the conductive base about said laminated multi-layer piezoelectric transformer, a portion of said arms contacting said bead and preferably designed to engage the distal ends of the arms of an insulating cap mounted on the opposing side of the laminated multi-layer piezoelectric transformer said cap having a second contact therein. This combination configured for mounting on a circuit board is also described.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor includes: a piezoelectric vibrator including a piezoelectric element having a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposed each other, a first and a second electrode formed on the first and the second principal surface, and conductive protrusions made of a metal material or a ceramic material and formed by a thermal spraying process; and a holding body for holding the piezoelectric vibrator via the conductive protrusions.

Abstract: Transformers of electric voltage meters based on mechanical waves. The invention is based on the generation of elastic waves in transformers which are composed of a transmitter, a receiver, a dielectric body and a mechanical connection, whereby the transmitter converts the variations in tension in elastic waves, which propagate through the dielectric body to the receiver by means of a connection device, and the receiver converts the mechanical waves in electric signals which are then amplified by means of an electronic unit in order to generate elastic waves from the electric fields from which electric waves are produced; piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials are utilized to build four different types of transformers depending on the structure: monolithic (one-piece), self-connecting, directly-connecting and externally-connecting transformers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric ceramic transducer having at least a driver section, at least a power generator section and at least an isolator which isolates the driver section and the power generator section, wherein the isolator comprises an internal space as a gap.

Abstract: A piezo-electric resonator includes terminal plates holding a piezo-electric substrate and which are stored in a case. The piezo-electric substrate can be formed from piezo-electric ceramics. The piezo-electric ceramic plate has projections at the non-vibrating sections of its cuter circumferential side surfaces. When the centers of the piezo-electric ceramic plate are held by the terminal plates, the projections do not contact the inner surfaces of the case. When the position of the piezo-electric ceramic plate is displaced due to external vibration, the projections may contact the inner surfaces of the case and the vibrating sections of the piezo-electric ceramic plate do not contact the inner surfaces of the case. Due to this fact, its electrical characteristics are not changed. in addition, since this configuration is set such that the piezo-electric ceramic plate can be slightly moved in the case, the piezo-electric ceramic plate is less likely to receive a high shock or stress through the case.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonance component is constructed to allow for easy automatic assembly and eliminates a short-circuit between a ring terminal and a dot terminal while achieving excellent performance characteristics at a low material cost. In the piezoelectric resonance component, the piezoelectric resonator is contained in an outer case with a ring-shaped peripheral electrode and a dot-shaped center electrode in contact with one side of a sheet-shaped anisotropic conductor. A plurality of protrusions provided on arm portions of the ring terminal and a protrusion on the dot terminal are in pressure-contact with the other side of the anisotropic conductor. A dimension L1 of the anisotropic conductor in the direction in which the arm portions of the ring terminal are led out is shorter than a distance D1 from the edge of a lead portion of the ring terminal to the end of the arm portions, and the anisotropic conductor is biased toward an inner wall of the outer case.

Abstract: Acoustic source, especially for use in seismic studies at sea, with sound emitting surfaces adapted to be put into sound emitting movements toward and away from each other by use of a drive unit in a known manner, in which the sound emitting surfaces comprise two curved plate members essentially symmetrically positioned in relation to the longitudinal axis of the source, forming a convex cross section with their respective upper and lower edges converging towards each other, and the respective upper and lower edges of the sound emitting surfaces are flexibly connected to two corresponding side elements positioned between them, and that the source comprises a rigid frame for supporting the drive unit, comprising at least two rigid slide rods stretching through the side elements, and that rigid covers are mounted on the slide rods, covering at least the whole side elements, thus forming rigid, covering surfaces with a constant distance between the covers.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope includes a segmented piezoelectric actuator having a course segment and a fine segment, the outputs of which are combined to determine the movement of a distal end of the actuator, to which the probe is mechanically coupled. Movement of the probe tip, or a change in the level of its engagement with a sample surface is sensed by a detector, which generates a feedback signal. A correction signal, which is used to determine how the actuator should be moved to maintain a constant level of such engagement, is generated in a comparison circuit, which compares the feedback signal with a control signal. The correction signal is used to drive the fine segment of the actuator, while an integral of the correction signal is used to drive the coarse segment.

Abstract: An electronic component has a substantially reduced size and is adapted to be produced at low costs without variation in superior quality of the component because of the ease of achieving electrical connection between a piezoelectric element and a electrode pattern on a substrate supporting the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element has a lower electrode formed on the lower surface thereof and an upper electrode formed on the upper surface thereof. The piezoelectric element is fixed to the substrate such that the lower electrode is bonded to an electrode provided on the substrate by a conductive adhesive. A conductive wire is fixed to the upper electrode of the piezoelectric element. A metallic cap is bonded to the substrate so as to cover and seal the piezoelectric element on the substrate. The cap is contacted at its inner surface by the wire, whereby an electrical connection is achieved between the cap and the upper electrode of the piezoelectric element.

Abstract: An ultrasound sealing unit includes a drive unit and a body. The drive unit consists of a number of piezoelectric ceramic plates with interjacent, conductive metal sheets connected to an a.c. source. The drive unit further consists of a counterweight and a clamping screw. The clamping screw holds together under a certain pretensioning the ceramic plates, the metal sheets and the counterweight. Moreover, the clamping screw fixedly secures the drive unit to the body. The body is a homogeneous body consisting of reaction bodies which surround the drive unit, a nodal plane with an anchorage edge and a horn with an elongate, narrow sealing surface. A gasket is disposed so that it constitutes a spacer between the body of the sealing unit and the ceramic plates. The gasket permits the oscillation of the ultrasound sealing unit, but prevents residual flexural stresses from reaching the drive unit.

Abstract: A high power source unit employing a piezoelectric transformer detects whether the output of the piezoelectric transformer reaches a predetermined value or not using a comparator. Subsequently, using a frequency scanning circuit, an oscillation frequency of a driving frequency control circuit is scanned across a resonance frequency of the piezoelectric transformer. During this frequency scanning, the efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer is detected by a efficiency calculating circuit to detect the frequency where the efficiency becomes maximum, by a most efficient frequency detecting circuit. By maintaining this frequency, the piezoelectric transformer may operate at the frequency at optimal efficiency.

Abstract: High voltage generator stator bar for electrical generators internally graded with a fast drying, electrically conductive, carbon-filled thermoplastic paint composition exhibit improved electrical dissipation factor tip-up values.

Abstract: Protrusions made of an electrically conductive material such as a metal or ceramic are formed around a node point or a node line of vibrations of a piezoelectric plate on two principal planes thereof by a spraying process. The piezoelectric plate is held at the protrusions with leaf springs on the two principal planes. Thus, protrusions of a small surface area are formed without deteriorating the piezoelectric plate. The piezoelectric plate can be held stably without deteriorating the vibration characteristics. An alternating voltage is applied to electrodes of the piezoelectric plate through the electrically conductive protrusions. Because a spraying process is used, the protrusions can be thickly and precisely formed in a small area and held surely and reliably, with a good mechanical strength of the protrusions.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device and its manufacturing method. A surface acoustic wave device is used as filters for VHF and UHF range signals, or resonators for VHF and UHF range, by driving the surface of a surface acoustic wave element with applied signal to electrodes, transmitting a surface acoustic wave, and receiving the surface acoustic wave with other electrodes. In a configuration of a surface mount type surface acoustic wave device where a surface acoustic wave element is stored inside a package consisting of a base and a cover, pads are attached on a surface of the base and the surface acoustic wave element is fixed to the base by face down bonding.

Abstract: A piezoelectric component-mounting foil and foil making method are disclosed, whereby a first portion of the foil in a first plane substantially parallel to a second portion of the foil in a second plane are connected by a central portion not in the first or second plane, the central portion having at least one width dimension of the central portion less than at least one length dimension of the central portion. A conductive foil material, appropriate thickness, overall geometry, and, if desired, appropriate notch configuration are selected for a desired implementation of the foil for conductively attaching and at least partially supporting at least one piezoelectric component such as a quartz crystal.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic vibrator of structure in which an electro-mechanical energy conversion element for generating a vibration is held by and between electrically conductive blocks and in which a mechanical-electrical energy conversion element for detecting the vibration state of the vibrator is inserted between the blocks, the potentials of the blocks are made different from each other by various means. Therefore, the detection of the vibration state becomes possible, for example, by a detecting element.

Abstract: An energy coupling for piezo-electric crystals and mounting for the crystals wherein the crystal is flexibly edge mounted and isolated from a rigid holder and is backed by a flexible and compressible conductor to which selected frequency energy is transmitted having an adjustable compression plate therebehind for maintaining proper energy transmitting contact between the crystal and conductor for production of a collimated sound beam from the face of the crystal from a plurality of electrodes on the back face of the crystal. The system provides for energy transmission with no possibility of isolation at any frequency other than at the desired frequency of transmission.

Abstract: A parts container to be utilized within the liquid cleaning solution of an ultrasonic bath which is to be formed within an enclosing side wall having an open top and an enclosed bottom. Mounted within the enclosing side wall are a plurality of ultrasonic transducers which are to supply energy from an ultrasonic generator (not shown). The ultrasonic transducers may have an energy emitting cone which functions to emit the ultrasonic energy in a narrow beam. Each of the transducers are adjustably mounted in the side wall so as to be able to manually select the direction of the narrow beam. Also, each transducer could be gimbally mounted on a freely wobbling plate so the transducer energy could randomly sweep across the parts that are being cleaned.

Abstract: A parts container to be utilized within the liquid cleaning solution of an ultrasonic bath which is to be formed within an enclosing side wall having an open top and an enclosed bottom. Mounted within the enclosing side wall are a plurality of ultrasonic transducers which are to supply energy from an ultrasonic generator (not shown). The ultrasonic transducers may have an energy emitting cone which functions to emit the ultrasonic energy emitting cone beam. Each of the transducers are adjustably mounted in the side wall so as to be able to manually select the direction of the narrow beam. Also, each transducer could be gimbally mounted on a freely wobbling plate so the transducer energy could randomly sweep across the parts that are being cleaned.

Abstract: An improved inertia sensitive device, which is directionally sensitive to activating impulses, comprises a piezoelectric plate (7), a housing (3,4) gripping the plate along at least a major part of its periphery, a weight (9) supported at or adjacent to the center of the plate, and means (FIG. 2) to detect signals generated by the plate (7).

Abstract: A laminated terminal layer is at least a double layer comprising a first layer made of a hard material and a second layer made of a soft material. The first layer is flexible. The second layer is overlapped on the first layer and in contact with an electrode of a piezoelectric ceramic resonator. Preferably, the hard material is phosphor bronze and the soft material is Al, Ag, or Pb as a simple substance or, any alloy thereof.

Abstract: A transmitting transducer is mounted on the outside wall of a vessel and supplies bursts of ultrasonic energy. If liquid is present, the energy is coupled to the other side of the vessel. Otherwise, the energy is attenuated. A receiving transducer (which may be the same as the transmitting transducer) is positioned to receive the ultrasonic energy if liquid is present. It is gated to be active only when such energy should arrive in the presence of liquid. The receiving transducer therefore generates an electrical signal indicating presence or absence of liquid in the vessel at the level at which the transducers are mounted.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator utilizing the longitudinal vibration mode of piezoelectric ceramics. Exciting electrodes are formed on the lengthwise opposite end surface of the piezoelectric ceramic. Lengthwise extending surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic are formed with insulating layers. A pair of take-out electrodes are provided which cover the insulating layers and which are connected to the exciting electrodes.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator (100) includes a piezoelectric resonating element (4), a lead frame (7), a base (8) and a common electrode plate (9). The lead frame includes common terminals (77, 722 and 791) connectable with two input and output electrodes (42 and 43) of the piezoelectric resonating element, first terminals (73, 731 and 76) electrically connectable with one of the two electrodes or the input electrode (42) of the piezoelectric resonating element, second terminals (75, 751, 78 and 723) electrically connectable with the other of the two electrodes or the output electrode (43) of the piezoelectric resonating element, and a connection member (79) for electrical connection of the common terminals with either one of the first and second terminals. When the connection member is disconnected from the first and second terminals, it becomes possible to structure a piezoelectric resonator with a plurality of piezoelectric resonating elements.

Abstract: A support structure for a vibrator comprising a casing having two sets of conical projections formed therein so as to confront each other, and a support framework supporting the vibrator at nodes of vibration thereof. The vibrator is supported within the casing with the support framework sandwiched between the tips of the respective projections of those two sets at the associated nodes of vibration of the support structure.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator device includes a piezoelectric resonator element accommodated in a casing. Inside the casing, the piezoelectric resonator device is held between two terminal plates through an anisotropic conduction pliable sheet which also extends on opposite sides of piezoelectric element to prevent the piezoelectric element from being moved sideways inside the casing.

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed for piezoelectric resonators utilizing linear and parallel sides or flats located on the periphery and opposite ends of the resonator. These sides are located normal to the axes wherein collinear forces applied to the resonator produce a desired effect upon its natural resonant frequency. For mechanical sensor applications this effect is maximized while for applications requiring a stable frequency or time base this effect is minimized. The outline peripheral shape of the resonators utilizing this mounting arrangement varies in accordance with the crystallographic orientation present in each resonator.

Abstract: A vibration sensor comprises a support plate, a generally elongated vibrator element mounted on the support plate at one end thereof in a cantilever fashion, and at least one plate-like metallic piece rigidly secured to that one end of the vibrator element.

Abstract: A miniaturized face-shear mode quartz crystal vibrator and method of manufacture is provided. The vibrator is formed from a Y-cut quartz crystal plate less than 500 .mu.m thick which has been rotated between 45.degree. to 55.degree. about the X-axis. A plurality of vibrators are formed by depositing a thin metallic film on the two opposed planar surfaces of the plate, selectively etching portions of the metallic films and dissolving the uncoated portions of the plate. The metallic films become the vibrator electrode.

Abstract: In a support and connection device for a disc-shaped piezoelectric resonator, the support elements are bent at their ends relative to the resonator and comprise electrically conductive spring strips which engage into radially-directed resonator slots. Tongues attached to the bent sections form clips at the support elements which are open towards the top and provide pockets which are suitable for receiving conductive adhesive.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device having a casing and a piezoelectric unit supported in the casing by the use of a direction-oriented electroconductive pliable sheet. The piezoelectric unit has a plate-like shape with electrodes laminated on its opposite surfaces. The electrode provided on one surface of the piezoelectric unit extends and is disposed on the opposite surface for gathering all the electrodes on the opposite surface.

Abstract: A piezoelectric filter comprises a piezoelectric substrate having separate first and second electrode layers formed on one surface thereof and a common electrode layer formed on the opposite surface thereof, first and second terminal members, and a common terminal member electrically connected to the common electrode layer. The first and second terminal members are electrically connected to the first and second electrode layers through different local areas of a direction-oriented electroconductive plastic sheet capable of exhibiting its electroconductivity in a predetermined direction across the thickness thereof. An ordinary electroconductive rubber sheet may be positioned between the common terminal member and the common electrode layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric filter comprises at least one piezoelectric resonator comprising a piezoelectric substrate and first and second electroconductive terminal members deposed one on each side of the piezoelectric substrate, with which they are in electrical contact. At least one electroconductive pliable sheet is disposed between the first terminal member and the associated face of the piezoelectric substrate, and pressure is applied across the thickness of the combination of electrodes, pliable sheet and substrate.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator comprises a piezoelectric substrate, a common electrode layer applied on one major surface of the piezoelectric substrate, and at least one electrode layer applied on its second major surface. The piezoelectric substrate is held in position between two or more metallic terminal elements, with the electrode layers held in electrical contact with the terminal elements. The piezoelectric resonator further comprises at least one direction-oriented electroconductive sheet positioned between the electrode layer on the second major surface of the piezoelectric substrate and the associated terminal element. The direction-oriented electroconductive plastic sheet has substantial electroconductivity only across its thickness.

Abstract: A piezo-electric disc (e.g., a force transducer or a radio reference crystal) is mounted on its edge between two opposing anvils of material which is selected to plastically deform only under a relatively high proof load applied to the disc through the anvils while an extreme pressure lubricant is present between the edge of the disc and the anvils to provide seats of limited area for the edge of the disc.