Abstract: In a channel plate electron multiplier having a stack of perforated conducting sheet dynodes insulated from one another, electrons incident on the input face of the stack which do not enter the channels give rise to unwanted secondary electrons which move transverse to the channels in the space in front of the stack. These secondary electrons enter channels remote from the point of incidence and thereby degrade the definition and contrast of an electron image transmitted by the channel plate. A layer of material having a low secondary electron emission, which may be on a sheet carrier, is provided on the stack input face.

Abstract: A macroboule is disclosed, formed of a bundle of hollow channel elements of fusible material and of different internal diameters. They are arranged with the elements of smallest diameter positioned in the center of the bundle and those of largest internal diameter constituting the outer row of the bundle with uniform or step by step graduation between these extremes. The macroboule is useful for forming a channel multiplier.

Abstract: A control plate for a gas discharge display device has a mechanically stable carrier plate of an electrically insulating material which has metallized column conductor tracks on one side and metallized row conductor tracks on an opposite side which in combination form a matrix of perpendicular rows and columns. The carrier plate has perforations extending through plate at points of intersection of the rows and columns. Each row and column is separately energizeable for selected transfer of electrons in the display device from one side of the plate to the other. The metallized tracks on each side extend a distance into the perforations so as to prevent charge accumulation within the perforations which would otherwise impair the control obtainable by the plate. The metallized portions of the perforations are separated by a ring of exposed carrier plate which is substantially nonconducting having a resistance of 100 megaohms or greater.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microchannel plate-in-wall structure wherein a m portion of a microchannel plate extends through and is permanently sealed to a hollow generally cylindrical glass walled structure which is easily processed into an image intensifier tube, the external terminals of the plate being part of the electrodes deposited thereon.

Abstract: The present invention describes an ion gun which is capable of producing relatively high density ion currents. The ion gun employs at least one capillary duct the surface of which is semiconducting and has secondary electron emission coefficient greater than one to generate ions from a source of an ionizable material and to accelerate the ions so generated.

Abstract: A shutter for a proximity focused tube and camera comprising an array of stacked microchannel plates. An electrode is provided between each plate whereby an electrical field can be established across each plate. By applying a ramp voltage to alternate plates in the stacked array, the electric field across each plate deflects a photoelectron beam and allows a momentary period of transmission of the beam through the microchannels. The electrode on each plate is skewed with respect to the front and back faces of the plate whereby in-phase deflection of an electron beam is achieved. A plurality of proximity focused shutter tubes can be operated in an array and triggered from a common voltage pulse source whereby a pulse is applied in a time ordered sequence to develop related multiple frames.

Abstract: Minature video-type display comprised of an otherwise normal microchannel ate (MCP) image intensifier wafer tube which uses, instead of the normal input faceplate having a uniform photocathode, a video-driven one-dimensional electroluminescent array on the output surface thereof and an orthogonal one-dimensional photocathode array mounted on the inner surface thereof. The fiber optic faceplate contains vacuum feed-throughs for the cathode array elements.

Abstract: An electro-optical picture signal processing system, wherein an optical image is converted into time sequential electrical picture signals, or, conversely, time sequential electrical picture signals into an optical image or an electrostatic latent image, is provided with an electron emission plane arranged in one-dimension, a control electrode positioned face to face with said plane to control the passing of electrons from the electron emission plane, a secondary-electron multiplying device yielding secondary-electrons in response to the electrons passing through the control electrode, and an anode collecting the multiplied secondary-electrons. At least one of the electron emission plane and the control electrode is divided into a number of segments each as large as a picture-element, arranged in one-dimension, and one of the segments is selected from one end to the other.

Abstract: This device uses an oxide-metal matrix material to enable the integration either constant or pulsed image readout without the use of electron scanning. It takes advantage of a new materials's ability to serve as both a field effect emitter and a matrix channel for the emitted electrons to enable improved resolution.

Abstract: An unetched microchannel plate is coated on one side with an etchant-resint mask having a pattern of open areas. The core fibers in the open areas are then etched out to form a pattern of microchannels. The microchannels and the mask are metallized, after which the mask and its metal are stripped. When the other side of the plate is metallized in the usual manner, a microchannel intensifier plate with a pattern of microchannels results.

Abstract: A linear array of electron multiplier microchannels is formed by fusing a plurality of solid core glass fibers into a rectangular array. A number of arrays is then sandwiched between a pair of glass plate support members fused into a linear arrangement followed by treating to form the electron multiplier. Treatment comprises subjecting the arrangement to an acid etch for removing the core material and hydrogen firing to activate the core walls for secondary electron emission. The apparatus finds application as an ion-electron converter in focal plane mass spectrometers where high electron gain is required.

Abstract: The invention includes an electron tube such as an image intensifier which utilizes a channel-type electron multiplier. The multipler is made of a perforated glass plate made in a manner such that secondary emission may be produced at the interior surfaces of the holes through the plate. Primary electrons are introduced to the holes at one end and a much larger emission emanates from the other end. Conductive layers on each side of the plate have holes in registration with the plate holes. The conductive layers are maintained at potentials to accelerate electron flow through the holes. In accordance with the present invention, a third conductive layer is provided at the output side. When the third conductive layer is maintained negative, resolution is improved.

Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plurality of staggered parallel dynodes. The dynodes include spaced confinement bumps along their lengths with active multiplying areas between the bumps. The confinement bumps and active areas therebetween define a plurality of channels which extend from a cathode at one end of the multiplier to the output end. Each channel traverses the staggered parallel dynodes and causes an electron beam to pass therethrough without substantial spreading. The electron multiplier includes additional structure for creating a high gain condition in the channels which are desired to be in an "on" condition while simultaneously creating a low gain condition in the adjacent channels. Electrical potentials can be simply switched at the dynodes so as to change this first condition into a second condition where the relative gain parameters of the channels are reversed.

Abstract: In an image tube, a microchannel electron multiplier plate is disposed between the photocathode and a cathodoluminescent output screen for multiplying the electron current of electron images. Electrodes are deposited upon the input and output face of the microchannel electron multiplier plate. On the output face the electrode is deposited into the ends of the microchannels to a distance of approximately 2 diameters of the individual channels. A semiconductive material, such as zinc sulphide, is deposited over the output electrode in the output ends of the microchannels for causing the secondary electrons emitted from the end portions of the microchannels to show a narrow energy spread, whereby the resolution of the intensified output image is enhanced.

Abstract: Disclosed are polymeric compositions for manufacture of secondary electron multiplier tubes. The polymeric compositions may be provided by combinations of (1) insulating polymers having a high secondary yield, (2) conductive particles such as carbon black, graphite or metal particles which may be granularly dispersed into the insulating polymers and (3) organic semiconductors soluble in and compatible with the insulating polymers and adapted to be molecularly dispersed therein. The organic semiconductors may be organic semiconducting polymers wherein the polymers themselves are conductive.

Abstract: 1. A fully vitrified ceramic element comprising a thin wafer having at least one aperture extending through said wafer, and perpendicular to the major surfaces of said wafer, the composition of said wafer consisting essentially of between 10 and 50 mole percent of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of Cs, Rb, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ce, La, Yt and Zn, and between 90 and 40 mole percent of oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, tin and niobium and between 0.5 and 3 mole percent of an oxide forming compound of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pd, Mo, W, and Sb.

Abstract: A surface layer type secondary-electron multiplier consisting of a support and a secondary-electron emissive and electron-conductive high-polymer layer formed thereupon is disclosed. For forming the secondary-electron emission layer, paint consisting of an electron-conductive high-polymer dissolved or suspended in solvents is used. Alternatively, the support may consist of a nitrogen- or sulphur-containing electron-donor polymeric composition which may be molded or formed, and a charge-transfer complex conductive layer may be formed upon the support.

Abstract: An improved microchannel plate is provided by adding a coating or coatings o the input end of the channels which have a much higher second emission coefficient than the material which forms the body of the plate.

Abstract: A miniature flat panel image intensifier display tube having an array of ctrically isolated parallel photocathode array stripes adjacent and orthogonal to a microchannel plate input electrode array comprising electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes. A video picture signal generator modulates a radiation source that causes a generally uniform flow of photons to impinge on the photocathode array. The photoelectrons that are emitted from the photocathode array are selectively accelerated into a charge pattern according to differential voltages scanned across both arrays by array switching electronic means wherein the charge pattern is converted to a visible image for viewing by an observer.

Abstract: An electron multiplier channel structure having channel walls formed of alternate strips of different glasses. One glass has optimum electrical conductivity properties and the other glass has optimum secondary electron-emitting properties. The strips are contiguous so that electrical conducting strips can readily supply electrons to neighboring electron emitting strips when an electrical potential is applied across the multi-channel structure.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope having therein a vertical by horizontal matrix of cells. Each cell includes a line electron source; a digital modulation section; an electron accelerating and focusing region; and a cathodoluminescent phosphor screen. The digital modulation section includes a modulation mask disposed between the line electron sources and the electron accelerating and focusing region. The modulation mask comprises a metal sheet having a plurality of slots therein. Each slot is aligned within a cell and is surrounded by a sensing pad disposed on a surface of the modulation mask which faces the line electron sources, and by a modulation electrode disposed on the opposite surface. A digitally pulsed flow of electrons, produced by the line electron sources, is directed toward the modulation mask. A series of digital voltage pulses are applied to the modulating electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to secondary-emissive microchannels which are bent to a given extent on the output side of the electrons. The said bending serves to restrict the areas where the electrons contact the channel walls to a small zone at the end of the electron multiplication and before the departure of the secondary electrons. The energy of the output electrons is thus dispersed very little.The emission of electrons can then be controlled by means of low electrical voltages which can be readily switched. The said partially curved microchannels are incorporated in electron tubes in the advantage of the ease of control, is utilized.

Abstract: A television camera tube having a discrete structure of photosensitive elements provided on an electrically conductive carrier covered entirely with photoconductive material or another resistance material, so that with a suitable potential applied to the carrier a potential distribution occurs having successive saddle points for the scanning beam. Variation and exposure of the discrete photoconductive elements then results in a variation in beam splitting in the saddle points, as a result of which the tube has a greater or smaller extent of natural amplification.The invention relates to a television camera tube having a target which is to be scanned by an electron beam and which comprises a transparent electrically conductive signal electrode and discrete structure of photosensitive elements provided on an electrically conductive carrier.Such a camera tube is known from the U.S. Pat. No.

Abstract: A picture element array image intensifier tube display device and system providing image analysis and processing schemes for an image in either direct or remote view. The picture element array comprises an array of electrically isolated parallel photocathode stripes that are adjacent and orthogonal to a microchannel plate input electrode array of electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes which have differential bias voltages selectively switched thereacross in some selective scan mode wherein said bias voltages are varied according to image analysis and processing schemes in a feedback circuit.

Abstract: A picture element array image intensifier tube display device and system providing image analysis and processing schemes for an image in either direct or remote view. The picture element array comprises two in-line microchannel plate (MCP) electron multipliers having an array of electrically isolated parallel output electrode stripes on a first MCP that are adjacent and orthogonal to a second MCP input electrode array of electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes. The input and output electrode array stripes have differential bias voltages selectively switched thereacross in some selective scan mode wherein said bias voltages are varied according to image analysis and processing schemes in a feedback circuit.

Abstract: A channel plate with color selection electrodes and color phosphors for use as an image display screen in a color television tube. This is a division, of application Ser. No. 288,597, filed Sept. 13, 1972, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,849, Jan. 14, 1975.This invention relates to colour television display apparatus.In conventional colour television display tubes, complex problems of registration arise. Thus, for example, the shadow-mask tube (in spite of the added cost and complexity of its three gun system) involves accurate alignment between the holes in the shadow-mask and the tri-colour phosphor triads on the display screen. In the case of the Chromatron there is the problem of aligning the colour-selector grid with the phosphor stripes.

Abstract: Electron beam apparatus comprising a channel plate which emits electrons in the form of hollow electron beams, a focusing control electrode for controlling the diameter of the hollow beams and a target having a pattern of concentric areas aligned with each hollow beam, said pattern having at least two different areas which respond differently to electron bombardment and may be selectively bombarded under control of said electrode.

Abstract: A miniature flat panel image intensifier tube display device using two inne microchannel plate (MCP) electron multipliers that have two arrays of orthogonally positioned electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes as electrodes on their interfacing surfaces and have the conventional continuous electrodes on the other two surfaces. A solid photocathode layer is in proximity focus with the solid input electrode of the first MCP, and the solid output electrode of the second MCP is in proximity focus with a display device. Array switching electronic means selectively switches bias voltages in some selected scan mode over the two arrays of MCP metallic stripes to provide a selective electron charge pattern exiting the second MCP wherein the charge pattern is converted to a visible image at the display device.

Abstract: In a channel electron multiplier device for detecting low level illumination optical image patterns, the output pattern of electrons is detected by an XY array of metal plates which are randomly accessed for readout by a corresponding row-column (XY) array of dual-gated insulated gate field effect transistors in an integrated circuit type of configuration. More specifically, each metal plate is located in the path of several (typically, ten or more) individual electron multiplier channels, in order to store the electrons emerging from these channels. The plates are all situated on the exposed surface of an insulating layer on a major surface of a semiconductor wafer. Each plate is connected through a different aperture in the insulating layer to a different localized source region of a different dual-gated insulated gate field effect transistor whose gate region is controlled by XY access control bus electrodes.

Abstract: A glass electron-multiplying microchannel plate of lead-containing glass is mounted within a supporting rim of another glass. The plate is connected to the rim with a relatively low melting temperature solder glass and the rim is slotted at a number of points about its periphery. The slots extend completely through the rim and partially into the connecting solder glass to protect against fracturing of the assembly during treatment thereof in reducing atmospheres.

Abstract: Microchannel electron-multiplying plates formed of large numbers of glass-clad glass fibers all bundled tightly together in side-by-side relationship with each other and having their core sections removed for producing electron multiplying channels through the plates. Each channel has an electrically semi-conductive inner wall surrounded by an electrical insulating glass for preventing cross-talk of electrical energy between electron multiplying channels of the plates when the plates are in use.

Abstract: An electron multiplier channel plate comprised of a web structure of open channels fused within a solid glass annulus. Inner walls of the channels are constructed of a high lead content glass having its electrical resistance lowered by treatment at high temperature in a reducing atmosphere. Outer walls of the channels are formed of a glass which remains rigid during the treatment at high temperature whereby the tendency for shrinking of the web structure along the inner boundary of the solid glass annulus is prevented.

Abstract: A channel electron multiplier is described having a tubular wall coated w a secondary-electron emitting material and including an electric field for accelerating the electrons, the electric field comprising a plurality of low-resistive conductive rings each alternating with a high-resistive insulating ring. The thickness of the low-resistive rings is many times larger than that of the high-resistive rings, being in the order of tens of microns for the low-resistive rings and at least one order of magnitude lower for the high-resistive rings; and the diameter of the channel tubular walls is also many times larger than the thickness of the high-resistive rings. Both single-channel and multiple-channel electron multipliers are described. A very important advantage, particularly in making multiple-channel multipliers, is the simplicity of the procedure that may be used in constructing such multipliers. Other operational advantages are described.

Abstract: Electron discharge device including a channel plate electron multiplier provided on its output face with a conducting layer of which substantially annular endspoiling segments extend a distance into the channels. The ends of the endspoiling segments are slanted in the same direction, and to at least the same degree of magnitude, as are the channels themselves with respect to the output face.

Abstract: A channel plate electron multiplier having channels which rapidly decrease in cross-section away from the input aperture and a conductive structure extending across the input aperture to flatten any fringing electrostatic field, resulting in an electrostatic field configuration which causes secondary emitted electrons to collide with the same side of the channel.