Abstract: A spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine comprises a central electrode made of a base metal and an earth electrode. A tip portion is provided on the central electrode. The tip portion includes a noble metal tip layer for defining a spark discharge gap between the noble metal tip layer and the earth electrode, and an alloy layer provided between the noble metal tip layer and the central electrode. The tip portion is provided with grooves to be divided into a plurality of sections. The tip portion has an outer peripheral wall flared towards the earth electrode, and a width of the grooves gradually increases from a bottom thereof to a surface of the noble metal tip layer for defining the spark discharge gap.

Abstract: In a spark plug insulator, an electrically conductive sealant in provided to connect a center electrode to a terminal electrode which are provided within an axial bore of the tubular insulator. The glass sealant being made from the following materials: (a) granular aluminosilicate glass consisting of silica (SiO.sub.2), alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), alkali metal oxides and alkali earth metal oxides, granular size of the aluminosilicate glass being more than 250.mu.; (b) granular silicate glass, granular size of which is less than 74.mu.; and (c) powdered metal, granular size of which is less than 74.mu., and selected from the group of nickel, chromium and nickel-chromium alloy.

Abstract: In a spark plug having a cylindrical metallic shell a front end of which is extended into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, an insulator is provided within the metallic shell so as to provide an annular clearance between a front end of the metallic shell and that of the insulator, a width of the annular clearance being within a range of 0.65 mm .+-.0.25 mm. An extension skirt which the metallic shell is extended into the combustion chamber has a length within a range from 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm. A tapered surface is provided by planing off an inner edge of a front end of the metallic shell, and the surface angularly falls within angles from 20 to 40 degrees. One end of an outer electrode is welded to the tapered surface while other end of the outer electrode is bent to oppose a front end of a center electrode.

Abstract: An optical valve for use in a lamp of a motor vehicle comprises a main filament, and a sub-main filament. A multi-layer film is coated over a glass tube at the portion corresponding to the sub-main filament to produce yellow light. When driving at night and passing by a motor vehicle coming from the opposite direction, the sub-main filament is heated and produces yellow light which will not daze a driver's eyes, thus preventing dangerous situations to the drivers.

Abstract: In a spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine, a nickel-alloy based center electrode is placed into a metallic shell through a tubular insulator. An outer electrode is depended from the metallic shell to from a spark gap with a front end of the center electrode. A spark portion is secured to the center electrode, and comprising a nickel-alloy based tubular clad tip and an iridium or iridium-alloy based inner core fit into the clad tip. A rear open end of the clad tip is welded to a front end surface of the center electrode. A dimensional relationship among the center electrode, the inner core and the clad tip being determined as follows: A.ltoreq.1.5mm, 0.2mm.ltoreq.B.ltoreq.0.8mm, C.gtoreq.0.1mm, where A is an outer diameter of the front end surface of the center electrode, B is an outer diameter of the inner core, while C is an outer diameter of the tubular clad tip.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp according to the invention has a lamp vessel (1) comprising a second wall portion (6) opposite to a neck-shaped first wall portion (4). Between the largest diameter (3) and the second wall portion (6) is disposed a third mirror-coated wall portion (7,7'), which is mainly curved in axial section along the arc of a circle, whose center (8,8') is located on the other side of the axis of symmetry (2) and of a plane passing through the largest diameter (3). The filament (10) has a plane of symmetry passing through the axis of symmetry (2) and extends on either side of a second plane through said axis at right angles to the first plane. The lamp produces together with an external reflector a narrow beam with a high luminous flux at the center thereof.

Abstract: A spark plug with a heat pipe in the centerbore of the insulator thereof for controlling the operating temperature of the spark plug firing end automatically. A vaporizable medium in the heat pipe vaporizes when the load on the engine causes the temperature of the engine cylinder in which the spark plug is installed to rise into a temperature range in which damage to its firing end can occur. In that temperature range, the change of state of the vaporizable medium extracts heat from the firing end to prevent its overheating. The vapor pressure of the vaporied medium moves the vapor to a condensation zone where it condenses and releases its heat by a change of state. The condensate is returned to the vaporization zone by capillary means and the cycle is repeated as long as the firing end is in the overheating range of the spark plug.

Abstract: A metal body has a heat- and corrosion-resistant surface which is composed of a layer of nickel plating applied to a surface of a metal base and an electrolytic chromate film formed over the nickel plating. Preferably, the chromate film has a thickness of 3 .mu.m or less. The chromate film may have a color imparted upon its formation by an electrolytic chromate treatment. A metal sheel of a spark plug may be mentioned as one example of the metal body.

Abstract: This invention provides an igniter plug, having a plurality of grooves within an outer surface of an annular ground electrode (2), the diameter of which is reduced to about 13 mm. Each groove (6) generally has a semi-circular shape in cross section to allow air flow along the grooves (6), with the number of the grooves (6) in the range from 4 to 16, and the width of each groove is to about 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm. The semi-circular cross section of the grooves (6) makes it possible to provide a large surface for the grooves without increasing the amount of machining, thus, enhancing cooling efficiency when the air flows along the grooves.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a vehicular headlamp. The headlamp comprises a concave light reflector which includes upper and lower light reflecting surfaces each being of a paraboloid of revolution. The upper and lower light reflecting surfaces have respective upper and lower rotation axes which extend forward in parallel with each other and have respective focuses on the axes. The respective focuses are located at respective positions where an imaginary line perpendicular to the rotation axes intersects the same. A lens covers an opening of the concave light reflector. A first light source is positioned at the focus of the lower light reflecting surface, and a second light source is positioned just above the focus of the upper light reflecting surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a vehicular projector type headlamp. The headlamp comprises a concave light reflector which includes upper and lower reflector parts, each part constituting a part of an ellipsoidal light reflecting surface and having first and second focuses, the upper and lower reflector parts having a common optical axis and having the second focuses located on a common position, the first focus of the upper reflector part being in front of that of the lower reflector part; a first light source positioned at the first focus of the upper reflector part; a second light source positioned at the first focus of the lower reflector part; a shade plate positioned in front of the first and second light sources; and a converging lens arranged in front of the shade plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a xenon lamp used for lighting applications and which is particularly suitable for automobile applications such as headlamps. The benefits of such usage, relative to incandescent lamps commonly employed for automotive forward lighting applications along with discharge lamps for lighting application, are primarily related to the size, shape, quality and concentration of the light generated by the xenon lamp and the ability to selectively move the position of the generated light relative to the reflector in which the xenon lamp is housed. The xenon lamp also provides the ability for the light to be generated by excitation of a D.C. source so as to be first positioned relative to the reflector to serve as the light source for low beam applications and then moved to a second position relative to the reflector to serve as the light source for high beam applications.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp according to the invention has an annular mirror coating on a hemispherical portion of its lamp envelope and a filament arranged zigzagwise between supporting points which are located on the surface of an imaginary cone. The filament is situated outside the part of the lamp vessel provided with the mirror coating. The lamp is particularly suitable for use as a traffic signal lamp and produces together with an external paraboloidal reflector a light beam of high luminous intensity at the center and in directions enclosing a small angle with the axis of the beam, as a result of which the lamp may be designed for a comparatively low power.

Abstract: In a center electrode structure for spark plug including a tubular insulator, the inner side of which has a stepped shoulder to provide a diameter-reduced bore therein; a center electrode having a flange, and concentrically placed into the insulator with the flange engaging against the shoulder, and with one end being axially through the bore so as to be exposed to outside of the insulator; the center electrode having a highly heat conductive core of copper or copper-based alloy which is encased into an enclosure made of oxidation and heat resistant nickel-based alloy; and the core providing its overall outer surface with a thin oxidation layer, so that the core is clad with the enclosure through the oxidation layer by means of extrusion.

Abstract: A spark plug having a heat pipe incorporated in the center conductor assembly in the insulator centerbore. The heat pipe is thermally non-conducting below a design temperature such that the firing end of the spark plug retains heat to burn off fouling deposits. Above the design temperature range, a vaporizable medium in the heat pipe vaporizes such that its change of state extracts heat from the firing end, the vapor moving to the cooler part of the heat pipe and condensing to release its heat by a change of state. Capillary means running the length of the heat pipe returns the vaporizable medium to the firing end of the heat pipe. This circulation of the heat pipe medium which occurs when the firing end exceeds the design temperature transfers heat from the firing end to prevent its overheating. The heat pipe in the insulator thus controls automatically the operative heat range of the spark plug.

Abstract: The present invention provides a headlamp for a vehicle wherein a reflector is different in focal position of a paraboloidal surface between an upper surface and a lower surface thereof, a focal point on the lower surface side is formed to be positioned forwardly more than a length of a sub-filament from a focal point on the upper surface side, and the sub-filament is positioned between both the focal points to thereby efficiently utilize luminescense and obtain a light distribution pattern of high luminous intensity.

Abstract: A spark plug having a center electrode comprises a ceramic insulator whose leg portion is shaped at the tip in a bag form so as to close the insulator bore. A firing tip is provided at the bag-shaped tip in a face-to-face relation with a side electrode by fixing an electrode element made of a sinter of a ceramic powder containing particles of a size between 10 and 200 .mu.m which are coated with a noble metal to a thickness of 0.1-20 .mu.m. An electrode axis extends from the top end of the plug and is inserted through the insulator bore.

Abstract: A cold cathode discharge tube is disposed as a light source on the front side of a display unit, and a grounded connector is disposed on and/or in the neighborhood of the outer periphery of the cold cathode discharge tube. The conductor causes electric noise generated from the cold cathode discharge tube to flow to the ground, thus preventing the rupture and erroneous operations of the liquid crystal display unit accommodating driving ICs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a halogen lamp device for a headlamp. The halogen lamp device for the headlamp has an airtightly sealed lamp enclosure including a light beam passing lens, a reflector for guiding the light beam and a socket opening provided in the reflector, and a holder in which a halogen lamp having filaments inserted through the socket opening of the lamp enclosure and sealed is mounted, and comprises a metallic sleeve member engaged with the holder, and a metallic bulb support formed to have a supporting portion for supporting the halogen bulb in engagement with the outer peripheral surface of a pinch-seal portion of the halogen bulb and a base including a flange fastened to the sleeve member, the bulb support being formed to enable to adjust the halogen bulb at a prepositioned position in the lamp enclosure and fastened to the sleeve member after the adjusting.

Abstract: A spark plug for internal-combustion engines has a spark discharge gap defined between at least two electrodes opposing to each other, and a platinum-containing wear-resistant discharging layer provided on one of the electrodes. The spark plug has a thermal stress relieving layer disposed between the discharging layer and the base metal constituting the one eletrode. The thermal stress relieving layer is made of a platinum base alloy containing nickel, which constitutes the base metal. The discharging layer may be made of a material consisting essentially of 70 to 90 wt % platinum and 30 to 10 wt % iridium. The thermal stress relieving layer may be made of a material consisting essentially of 5 to 95 wt % platinum and 95 to 5 wt % nickel. Another platinum-containing wear-resistant layer may be provided on the other electrode, the wear-resistant layer being made of a material consisting essentially of 5 to 60 wt % nickel and 95 to 40 wt % platinum.

Abstract: In order to obviate the necessity for design compromise of spark plugs with respect to their operating temperature, so that the ceramic insulator (18) of the spark plug will rapidly reach the temperature at which deposits thereon will inherently burn off (about 400.degree. C.-450.degree. C.) while not becoming so hot as to cause spurious glow ignition within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion (IC) engine, the end portion of the insulator is formed with a central opening (19/3) within which a metal core (24) is included which has a temperature coefficient of expansion such that, at temperatures below between 400.degree. C.-450.degree. C. it is spaced by a narrow gap (25) from the inner surface of the insulator (see FIG. 1) but, as the spark plug becomes hot, the gap 25 closes (FIG. 2), thereby providing good heat transmission from the insulator to the center electrode structure (21, 23, 24) and thereby maintaining the insulator at a temperature below that at which it might glow.

Abstract: A lamp member is adapted for use in a lighting unit having a light transmitting cover. The lamp member comprises a base, a tungsten-halogen capsule supported within the base, a first envelope, and a filament structure axially oriented with the first envelope. The lamp member further includes spacer means for maintaining the lamp member and the cover in a spaced-apart relationship when the lamp member is in the spring-biased position within the housing. The spacer means is secured to the lamp member and is in operative contact with the cover. One example of the spacer means is a cylindrical cap made of a ceramic material, the cap being disposed at the top of the capsule and secured thereon. The cylindrical cap is dimensioned so that the size of the replacement lamp is substantially the same size as prior incandescent lamps of which the invention is designed to replace.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric incandescent halogen lamp for a motor-car, in which the substantially flat pinch allows the passage of internal current input conductors, between which two filaments are stretched. One current input conductor supports a cap constituting a screen of for a filament for giving a dipped beam and is prolonged into a curved end portion which is situated in a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the plane of the pinch and rests against the tubular wall of the bulb.

Abstract: To permit adjustment of the combination sparkplug-optical sensor for heat transfer upon operation of the sensor-sparkplug combination as a sparkplug, in accordance with known sparkplug technology, the insulator of the sparkplug is formed with a central opening in which a material is included which is electrically conductive and providing for controlled heat transfer, for example a packing or a mixture of aluminum oxide with a conductive powder, such as graphite, aluminum, or copper; or, alternatively, sheet metal elements may be located therein providing controlled radial engagement around a central glass rod forming the optical sensor and the inner wall of the opening and the insulator (FIG. 2); or, alternatively, axially resilient elements, such as a bellows-like corrugated metal element (FIG. 3) or a stack of spring disks (FIG. 4) may be positioned in the opening, axially biased by screwing the connecting terminal (10) into a tapped opening of the insulator.

Abstract: A headlamp unit having a high intensity discharge lamp disposed at about the focus of a parabolic reflector and an incandescent lamp disposed at about the focus of a parabolic reflector.

Abstract: A tungsten-halogen lamp for use in an automobile headlight comprises a tubular sealed glass capsule containing two coiled tungsten filaments for high and low beam operation, respectively. The low beam filament is disposed substantially orthogonal to a vertical plane containing the lamp axis, with the center of that filament length having a predetermined offset from that vertical plane and being disposed at or near the focal point of the reflector. The high beam filament is disposed substantially parallel to the lamp axis on the opposite side of the vertical plane from at least a major portion of the low beam filament. The filaments are spaced apart with the high beam filament lying in a horizontal plane spaced below the low beam filament, and the axis of the high beam filament orthogonally intersects a plane containing in the axis of the low beam filament.

Abstract: A spark plug including an insulator body provided with a center bore and a bottom end defining a discharge end of the insulator body and a discharge center electrode formed in a region of the discharge end of the insulator body; a spark plug including thermal conductivity-controling material comprising spherical metal powder as an essential element thereof in the center bore providing function to control thermal conductivity of the spark plug. The conductivity controling material further comprises refractory powder and glass powder. The controling material is also composed of spherical metal powder coated with a ceramic layer of a mixture thereof with the spherical metal powder. The spark plug with the controling material permits an increasing conductance according to temperature rise to provide a thermally wide-ranged spark plug.

Abstract: An electric light source for use in a vehicle headlight unit capable of emitting dipped light beams, especially a sealed-beam headlight unit. The light source has a single filament or two-filament halogen lamp and an inner or outer screen element preventing the incidence of light from the dipping filament on the reflector. The shape of the rim of the screen element is a specially developed three-dimensional curve, whereby a distribution of the projected light is achieved which does not blind the drivers of oncoming vehicles. The shape of the three-dimensional curve forming the rim of the screen element can be determined point-by-point from the light distribution required, taking into consideration prescribed geometrical interrelations.

Abstract: In electric incandescent lamps the efficiency can be increased by surrounding the filament with a light-pervious, infra-red radiation-reflecting filter. It has hitherto always been assumed that the geometry of the filter and that of the filament should be well matched to each other. This, however, results in a complex filament construction.According to the invention, near the center of a spherical filter, a flat filament consisting of several parts is accommodated, being situated within a square the sides of which are from 0.25 to 0.04 times the diameter of the filter. Such a filament has a relatively simple construction and provides a highly efficient lamp despite the fact that its geometry is very different from that of the filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a construction of a lamp/reflector unit which is simple and which permits of connecting the light bulb in an aligned position very rapidly.For that purpose the light bulb has a metal support plate to which are fixed metal support pins by means of respective metal flanges. After the light bulb has been adjusted to a defined position with respect to the metal support pins, the metal support plate is secured to the metal flanges by soldering or welding.

Abstract: A sealed beam lamp for an automobile which is provided with a halogen bulb having a plurality of filaments. The filaments are arranged in a vertical direction to a rotary axis of a reflector of the sealed beam lamp.

Abstract: A high voltage movie light including a plastic holder, a pair of spaced-apart incandescent lamp units positioned within the holder, and means for electrically connecting the lamp units to an external power source. Each lamp unit comprises a formed glass reflector and a tungsten-halogen lamp located within the reflector and having a planar, dual filament structure therein. The lamp units are positioned within the holder such that the planes occupied by the respective dual filament structures intersect at a predetermined angle, e.g. 90 to 110 degrees, in order that the light output from each unit will be centered on a respective diagonal of the rectangular subject field being illuminated by the movie light. Each unit produces a bimodal intensity distribution, thus further assuring increased illumination levels on the subject field. An incandescent lamp unit suitable for use in the movie light is also disclosed.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a capsule for a sealed beam lamp or vehicle headlight, two coiled filaments on lead-in wires are supported in a holder with sufficient rigidity to accurately maintain a predetermined spacing between the filaments during a subsequent press sealing operation. The filaments are then inserted into an open-ended glass tube and the open end is press sealed onto the filament lead-in wires at the same time that wire supports are embedded in the press seal. The wire supports are then connected to mounting rods in the finished capsule.

Abstract: A tungsten-halogen lamp for use in motor vehicle headlights comprises a tubular sealed glass capsule containing two coiled tungsten filaments, parallel to each other and disposed substantially orthogonally to the axis of the capsule. The two filaments are offset laterally from each other and one of the filaments is a coiled coil, in order to reduce the lateral traverse of both filaments.

Abstract: The spark plug center electrode is a composite of a jacket of corrosion resistant material, central filamentary core electrode elements, likewise of corrosion resistant material, and a matrix of thermally and electrically highly conductive material in which the corrosion resistant filamentary elements are embedded, filling the electrode within the outer jacket; in accordance with the present invention, the matrix material is recessed with respect to the jacket and the sparking ends of the corrosion resistant filamentary material to increase lifetime and to provide protection for the electrically and thermally highly conductive material and ensure ignition of even comparatively lean fuel-air mixtures. The electrode has an overall diameter in the order of about 2.4 mm, the recess of the matrix material being between 50 to 500 .mu. m, preferably about 100 to 250 .mu. m; a platinum coating having a thickness of preferably between 40 and 50 .mu. m can be provided to cover the exposed end of the electrode.

Abstract: A filament shield is disclosed which eliminates much of the lower beam glare caused by the rectangular shape of the headlamp.

Abstract: A plug for use in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine adapted to limit the production of nitrogen oxide (NOx). The plug has an inner cover which surrounds the ignition electrodes with the inner cover having an opening to provide communication between the electrodes and the engine cylinder. An outer cover surrounds the inner cover in spaced relation therewith and has an opening in juxtaposition with the inner cover opening. The outer cover has a number of perforations so that water injected between the inner and outer covers through one or more nozzles is evaporated into steam upon engagement with the red-hot outer cover with the steam passing through the perforations into the cylinder in a direction away from the electrodes so as not to interfere with the functioning of the electrodes.

Abstract: An improved spark plug for use in internal combustion engines includes a center or first electrode positioned within a spark plug insulator member in a metal shell. An outer or second electrode extends from the metal shell and has a free end portion thereof spaced from a free end portion of the center electrode. An annular spark discharging surface is formed on said free end portion of the center electrode and an annular spark landing surface is formed on said free end portion of the outer electrode with the discharging and landing surfaces being in opposed or facing relation and cooperating to provide a spark in the form of a hollow column. A port is provided in the second electrode and is surrounded by the spark landing surface so that fuel on the opposite side of the outer electrode will be ignited.