Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp includes: a pre-seal glass inserted in the internal space of each of seal portions and integrally comprising a metal foil sheathing portion which sheathes a metal foil, an electrode sheathing portion which sheathes a portion of an electrode that extends from a first end of the metal foil toward a base portion and an external lead pin sheathing portion which sheathes a portion of an external lead pin that extends outwardly from the other end of the metal foil; and a conductor for generating discharge between the conductor and the metal foil. The electrode sheathing portion is fused to the base portion. The external lead pin sheathing portion has an outer surface hermetically fused to an inner surface of one of the seal portions. A clearance hermetically sealed between the pre-seal glass and the seal portion encapsulates inert gas therein.

Abstract: Operation of an HID lamp may be improved by forming a glow generating recess on an exterior side the electrode. The lamp may be of standard construction with a light transmissive lamp envelope having a wall defining an enclosed volume. At least one electrode assembly is extended in a sealed fashion from the exterior of the lamp through the lamp envelope wall to be exposed at an inner end of the electrode assembly to the enclosed volume. A metal halide lamp fill is enclosed with an inert fill gas. The inner end of the electrode is formed with a recess having a least spanning dimension S and a recess depth of D where S is greater the electron ionization mean free path but less than twice the cathode fall plus negative glow distances, throughout the glow discharge phase of starting, for the chosen fill gas composition and pressure (cold).

Abstract: A method of forming a floating structure lifting up from a substrate and a method of manufacturing a field emission device (FED) employing the floating structure are provided. The method of forming a floating structure includes forming an expansion causer layer, which can generate a byproduct from the reacting with a predetermined reactant gas causing volume expansion, on the substrate; forming an object material layer for the floating structure on a resultant stack; forming a hole through which the reactant gas is supplied on a resultant stack; supplying the reactant gas through the hole so that the object material layer partially lifts up from the substrate due to the byproduct generated from the reaction of the expansion causer layer with the reactant gas; and removing the byproduct through the hole so that the portion of the object material layer lifting up from the substrate can be completely separated from the substrate to form the floating structure.

Abstract: In an electron tube sealing structure, a cylindrical insulator is metallized to produce metallized layers on both end surfaces, and sealing metal members are soldered to the metallized layers correspondingly, so that a vacuum chamber is provided in the interior of the cylindrical insulator. The cylindrical insulator is provided with at least one salient portion at an inner end thereof. The salient portion is parallel to a direction of an electric field produced by a voltage applied across the sealing metal members, and shields one of the metallized layers which is positioned on the side of a negative electrode in regard to the vacuum chamber, so that the emission of electrons is avoided from the corresponding metallized layer to prevent a creeping discharge from being induced on the inner surface of the cylindrical insulator.