Abstract: A lighting fixture includes a housing, substrate within the housing, a plurality of closely spaced LED components mounted on the substrate and forming an array, an optical component arranged at an output end of the housing, and at least one circuit electrically connected to a power supply for powering the LED components. The LED components are arranged in multiple color groups, each color group having multiple LED components, and each LED component positioned a distance no greater than 1.0 mm from an adjacent LED component.

Abstract: In a lighting package, a printed circuit board supports at least one light emitting die. A light transmissive cover is disposed over the at least one light emitting die. A phosphor is disposed on or inside of the light transmissive dome-shaped cover. The phosphor outputs converted light responsive to irradiation by the at least one light emitting die. An encapsulant substantially fills an interior volume defined by the light-transmissive cover and the printed circuit board.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a strip of light propagating material and a plurality of lighting units arranged behind a back surface of the light propagating material, and a controller for controlling the operation of the plurality of lighting unit. The illumination device is positioned in a gap defined between at least two reflective surfaces, such that light from the lighting units projects out of the light propagating material visually from the gap between the two reflective surfaces.

Abstract: A lighting device may include a semiconductor light source arrangement, a heat sink for cooling the semiconductor light source arrangement, electrical connections for supplying power to the semiconductor light source arrangement, and a holding means. The holding means is in the form of a plastic part, at least the electrical connections and the heat sink each being embedded in the plastic material of said plastic part at least in sections.

Abstract: In a display apparatus according to the present invention, a pixel is driven by using a thin film transistor (10) including an organic material in at least an active layer. The thin film transistor unit (10) and a display element unit (20) are laminated on a substrate (11) in this order, and a pixel electrode (15) formed on a substrate (10) side of the display element unit (20) also functions as a drain electrode of the thin film transistor (10). Therefore, when an organic material is used for a transistor for driving a display apparatus, there is provided a display apparatus that can provide effective protection without increasing the number of constituent members.

Abstract: An electron acceleration portion of a Betatron having a vacuum chamber with an interior wall spaced from an exterior wall with a main electron orbit located approximate to the exterior wall and the interior wall. An electron injector has an anode structured and arranged adjacent a wall selected from the group consisting of the interior wall and the exterior wall that is shaped so as to not impede the main electron orbit. There is at least one electron deflection plate disposed approximate an anode end of the anode and the main electron orbit. There can be two electron deflection plates spaced apart that form a gap of a width effective to receive emitted electrons from the electron injector. Such that, there is a voltage potential between the two electron deflection plates that is effective to deflect emitted electrons towards the main electron orbit.

Abstract: A double-faced field emission display device includes two parallel fluorescent screens (10, 10?) and an electron emission structure (20) located between the fluorescent screens. Each fluorescent screen includes a transparent substrate (21, 21?) with an anode plate (12, 12?) and coplanar fluorescent layers (13, 13?) formed at an inner surface of the transparent substrate. The electron emission structure includes an opaque insulative substrate (28) with cathode plates (26, 26?), electron emitters (27, 27?) and grid plates (25, 25?) formed at each of opposite surfaces (281, 282) thereof. Symmetrically opposite pairs of same electrodes are electrically interconnected so that the fluorescent screens can simultaneous display a same image. Only a single driving system is needed to achieve the simultaneous display.

Abstract: An arc discharge light source (10) for automotive headlight applications comprises an arc tube (12) having a hollow body (14) arrayed along a longitudinal axis (16) and provided with first and second ends (18, 20). The first and second ends have, respectively, first and second jointure areas (22, 24) with the hollow body (14). Electrodes (26, 28) are sealed respectively in each of the first and second ends (18, 20). An arc generating and sustaining medium is contained within the hollow body. a low-voltage-pulse starting aid (30) is associated with the arc tube and comprises an electrically conductive member (32) having an intermediate portion (34) and proximal and distal ends (36, 38). The intermediate portion (34) extends the length of the hollow body (14) and the proximal and distal ends (36, 38) each terminating in a loop (40, 42) comprised of a single turn of electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A triode structure of a field emission display and fabrication method thereof. A plurality of cathode layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying a dielectric layer. A plurality of emitting layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying the cathode layers, respectively. A plurality of lengthwise-extending gate lines is formed on the dielectric layer, in which each of the gate layers is disposed between two adjacent columns of the cathode layers.

Abstract: Integrated circuit structures comprising an embedded ferroelectric memory cell and methods of forming the same are described. These structures include a transistor level, a ferroelectric device level, a first metal level, an inter-level dielectric level and a second metal level. In a first embodiment, the ferroelectric device level is disposed over an isolation layer of the transistor level and an isolation layer of the ferroelectric level has one or more vias that are laterally sized larger than corresponding contact vias extending through the transistor isolation layer and aligned therewith. In a second embodiment, the first metal level and the ferroelectric device level are integrated into the same level. In a third embodiment, the ferroelectric device level is disposed over the first metal level. In a fourth embodiment, the ferroelectric device level is disposed over the inter-level dielectric level that, in turn, is disposed over the first metal level.

Abstract: A device for emitting electrons, comprising a substrate, an insulating film formed on a surface of the substrate and having a recess, an emitter electrode formed on the insulating film and having an edge portion located at the recess, the edge portion of the emitter electrode being formed in the form of an arch within a plane perpendicular to the surface of the substrate so as to be sharpened toward a distal end of the emitter electrode, the edge portion of the emitter electrode being sharpened also in a planar direction parallel to the surface of the substrate toward the distal end of the emitter electrode so as to have a linear portion at the distal end, and the edge portion of the emitter electrode being adapted to emit electrons from the linear portion when an electric field is applied to the edge portion of the emitter electrode, and a gate electrode formed on the insulating structure and having an edge portion located at the recess and opposing the edge portion of the emitter electrode via a gap, the ed

Abstract: A double-faced vacuum fluorescent display of the invention is formed of an outer casing, and first and second display portions. The outer casing includes a base plate, a transparent front plate situated in front of the base plate, and a side member situated between the base plate and the front plate to form a space therebetween. The first display portion is mounted on the base plate, and includes a wiring pattern, an insulating layer with light shielding property, a first anode conductor and a first fluorescent layer. A display on the first display portion can be observed only from the front plate side. The second display portion is mounted on the transparent front plate, and includes a second anode conductor with transparency and a second fluorescent layer. The second display portion has a light transmitting portion for observing the first display portion therethrough.

Abstract: A two-sided fluorescent indicator panel is disclosed which uses two multilayer base plate assemblies, each of them being constituted such that a grid is attached on the multilayer base plate formed by stacking the required functional layers on a base plate, and being mutually opposingly disposed with their grid-attached sides facing each other; and one or a plurality of filaments disposed between the two base plate assemblies. According to the present invention, the structure of the device becomes simple, and the manufacturing process becomes also simple, thereby making it possible to produce a light, miniature, power-saving digital indicator panel.

Abstract: A cold cathode device wherein a cold cathode and an anode face each other with an electron transit path intermediated therebetween, and one or more control electrodes structurally insulated from the said cathode and the anode, are provided exposing to the electron transit path. A cold cathode vacuum tube has an electron emission element having a p-type semiconductor region on an electron emission side and a work function lowering region with junctional relation to the p-type semiconductor region; and a plate electrode structurally insulated from the electron emission element by using an insulation layer which is formed with an electron transmit path corresponding in position to an electron emission area of the electron emission element.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) or lamp is disclosed herein programmable to emit a variety of colors or hues at the selection of the user having a unitary housing of clear molded solid epoxy supporting three light dies characterized as producing color hues of red, green and blue respectively. A common cathode is supported in the housing and wire leads interconnect the anode of each light die with the common cathode. Control circuits are operably coupled to anode leads and a common cathode lead for selectively energizing the light die anodes so that their respective color outputs visually combine to produce a desired color or hue.

Abstract: A high-power switch tube is shown constructed from a plurality of electron guns each gun having a cathode and an anode. Between the cathode and anode is mounted a shadow grid closest to the cathode beyond which is mounted a control grid, a screen grid, and, in some applications, by a suppressor grid. Each anode is formed with an anode cavity having an opening that is smaller in dimension than the largest dimension of the cavity thus forming a Faraday cage collector which prevents secondary emission problems.

Abstract: In a color cathode ray tube with a shadow mask shaped as a nonspherical surface, a structure in which the curved surface shape of the effective area of the shadow mask in which apertures through which electron beams pass to a fluorescent screen are formed is made such that, going along the X axis, minimal values of radius of curvature of lines of intersection of the shadow mask and Y-Z parallel planes parallel to the minor axis Y and a central axis which passes through the mask's center and is normal to the mask exist between the center and the edges of the effective area. This prevents local doming.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor cathode and a camera tube and a display tube, respectively, having such a cathode, based on avalanche breakdown in a p-n junction extending parallel to the surface of the semiconductor body. The released electrons obtain extra energy by means of an accelerating electrode provided on the device. The resulting efficiency increase makes the manufacture of such cathodes in planar silicon technology practical. Since the depletion zone of the p-n junction upon avalanche breakdown does not extend to the surface, the released electrons show a sharp, narrow energy distribution. This makes such cathodes particularly suitable for camera tubes. In addition they find application, for example, in display tubes and flat displays.

Abstract: The electron-beam converter comprises at least one of each of the following components: a cathode, an anode and, accelerating and control electrodes. The anode has a surface orthogonal with respect to a diverging electron flow and is arranged with respect to the cathode so that the angle between normals to the surfaces of these electrodes is greater than zero but less than 180.degree.. The accelerating electrode is disposed in the opening of this angle. The control electrodes are arranged near the cathode on either side of the electron flow. A cathode-adjacent focusing electrode is arranged behind the control electrode which is on the cathode side opposite to the accelerating electrode, and an anode-adjacent focusing electrode is inserted between the anode and accelerating electrode. All of said electrodes make up an electron-optical system shaping the electron flow into a beam so as to prevent electrons from impinging upon the accelerating electrode.

Abstract: An electronic tube comprises a anode assembled of two inner anode members and an outer anode member. Surface portions of the inner member which are placed against corresponding surface portions of the outer member have a coefficient of thermal radiation of more than 60% of that of the .[.outer member.]. .Iadd.black body .Iaddend.for a temperature of about 500.degree. C.