Abstract: Insulated winding wire articles and associated formation methods are described. An insulated winding wire article may include a conductor and optional base insulation formed around the conductor. The conductor may be formed into a predefined shape having at least one bend, such as a U-shaped bend. A coating comprising parylene may be formed around the conductor and any base insulation.

Abstract: A light assembly includes an electroluminescent cable, an elongated lens, and a substantially planar substrate. The electroluminescent cable has an outer surface extending along a longitudinal dimension of the electroluminescent cable. The elongated lens extends along the longitudinal dimension of the electroluminescent cable and encloses at least a portion of the outer surface of the electroluminescent cable. The elongated lens is adapted to refract light emitted from the electroluminescent cable. The elongated lens structure is adhered to the substantially planar substrate. In certain instances, the substrate is a reflective substrate adapted to reflect light emitted from the electroluminescent cable.

Abstract: An x-ray tube includes a frame enclosing a high vacuum, a cathode positioned within the enclosure, and a target assembly. The target assembly includes a target cap, a focal track material positioned on the target cap to receive electrons from the cathode, and a foam material positioned within a cavity of the target cap and positioned proximate the focal track. The x-ray tube also includes a bearing assembly attached to the frame and configured to support the target assembly.

Abstract: A coreless transformer ultra-violet (UV) light source system comprising a bulb including a predetermined amount of an element which efficiently emits UV light when exposed to a high current plasma state and a predetermined amount of a buffer gas therein. An optically thin mesh primary surrounds a portion of the bulb. A pulsed radio frequency (RF) oscillator is coupled to the primary configured to drive high current pulses into the primary causing the light emitting element to form a conducting secondary comprised of the element in a plasma state thereby causing the element to efficiently emit UV light.

Abstract: This invention relates to a filament for electron emission cathode which is employed in an electron microscope, a critical dimension examine tool, an electron beam lithograph machine, an electron beam tester and other electron beam related systems as an electron source. Embodiments of the present invention discloses method with which a Re (Rhenium) is used as heat source such that vibration issue of prior tungsten filament can be depressed.

Abstract: Increasing the volume or weight of zirconia which is a diffusion and supply source, to extend the life of a field-emission type electron source causes a problem that the diffusion and supply source itself or a tungsten needle is easily subjected to damage. As another problem, although it is considered to form the diffusion and supply source using a thin film to avoid the above-described problem, it is difficult to stably obtain practical life exceeding 8,000 hours. It has been found that practical life exceeding 8,000 hours is stably obtained by providing a field-emission type electron source that has no chips or cracks in a diffusion and supply source and that can extend life with a little bit of an increase in the amount of the diffusion and supply source.

Abstract: A filament showing high radiation characteristics and hardly suffering from disconnection and film separation is provided by using a high melting point metal compound such as tantalum carbide. As the filament, a filament comprising a tungsten base material 30, a tantalum layer 31 coating the tungsten base material 30, and a tantalum carbide layer 32 coating the tantalum layer 31 is used. High adhesion is obtained at the interface of the layers of tungsten and tantalum by utilizing high adhesion of tungsten and tantalum.

Abstract: A long-life hot cathode fluorescent lamp can include a pair of parallel lead wires that can be arranged at each end of a tube. A coiled filament can be connected at its opposite end portions to the lead wires. The coiled filament can have two long pitched regions in which a coil pitch is longer than regions outside of the long pitched regions. Emitter can be located in a region defined between the two long pitched regions. Shape characteristics and intensive current flow obtained by the presence of the long pitched regions can form the origins of discharge near the boundaries between long and short pitched regions. Accordingly, stable discharge can be achieved with the origins of discharge located at ends of the emitter. As a result, the hot cathode fluorescent lamp is allowed to have a long life and stable light emission characteristics.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode which comprises an emission surface, a reservoir for material releasing, when heated, work-function-lowering particles, and at least one passage for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission surface, said emission surface comprising at least one emission area and at least one non-emission area covered with emission-suppressing material and surrounding each emission area, said non-emission area comprising at least one passage connecting said reservoir with said non-emission area and debouching within a diffusion length distance from an emission area for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission area.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode which is comprises an emission surface, a reservoir for material releasing, when heated, work-function-lowering particles, and at least one passage for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission surface, and emission surface comprising at least one emission area and at least one non-emission area covered with emission-suppressing material and surrounding each emission area, said non-emission area comprising at least one passage connecting said reservoir with said non-emission area and debouching within a diffusion length distance from an emission area for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission area.

Abstract: An X-ray source with a cathode (2) that includes a first wire (4) having optionally thermal loops (12, 14) between an emission loop (10) and first and second ends (6, 8). A spiral second wire (30) is wound around the wire (4) and a low work function coating (32) is provided on both wires. The first and second wires may be of refractory material, such as tungsten, and the low work function coating may include barium oxide.

Abstract: A lamp includes a filament for emitting light. The filament includes an emissive substrate which emits radiation when an electric current is applied. The substrate includes a doped surface and a coating layer supported on the doped surface. The coating layer includes at least one of a carbonitride and a boride.

Abstract: A photonic-crystal filament is formed by mixing a slurry comprising particles of substantially uniform size and a precursor material for a desired metal, urging the slurry through an orifice to force the particles and precursor material into a combination having a desired crystallographic configuration, drying the combination emerging from the orifice, and sintering the precursor material.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode which comprises an emission surface, a reservoir for material releasing, when heated, work-function-lowering particles, and at least one passage for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission surface, said emission surface comprising at least one emission area and at least one non-emission area covered with emission-suppressing material and surrounding each emission area, said non-emission area comprising at least one passage connecting said reservoir with said non-emission area and debouching within a diffusion length distance from an emission area for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission area.

Abstract: A method of making a carbon nanotube structure includes forming a plurality of carbon nanotubes and contacting the carbon nanotubes with a polymer. A solid composition is formed from the carbon nanotubes and polymer and then shaped. For example, the solid composition can be shaped into an elongated structure such as a filament, wire, rope, cable, and the like. In at least some instances, at least some, or all, of the polymer is removed from the solid composition after it is shaped.

Abstract: A porous cathode structure is fabricated from a plurality of wires which are placed in proximity to each other in elevated temperature and pressure for a sintering time. The sintering process produces the porous cathode structure which may be divided into a plurality of individual porous cathodes, one of which may be placed into a dispenser cathode support which includes a cavity for containing a work function reduction material such as BaO, CaO, and Al2O3. The work function reduction material migrates through the pores of the porous cathode from a work replenishment surface adjacent to the cavity of the dispenser cathode support to an emitting cathode surface, thereby providing a dispenser cathode which has a uniform work function and therefore a uniform electron emission.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate, first and second carbon films laid with a first gap in between on the surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first carbon film and to the second carbon film, respectively. In the electron-emitting device, a narrowest gap portion between the first carbon film and the second carbon film in the first gap is located above a surface of the substrate and the substrate has a depressed portion, at least, in the first gap.

Abstract: An indirectly heated cathode for gas discharge tube C1 comprises a heater 1, a double coil 2, a plate member 3, and a metal oxide 10. An electrical insulating layer 4 is formed on the surface of heater 1. Heater 1 is disposed at the inner side of double coil 2. Plate member 3 is disposed along the length direction of double coil 2 at the inner side of double coil 2, which is to be the discharge surface side, and is electrically connected to double coil 2. Also, plate member 3 is grounded by being connected to the ground terminal of heater 1. Metal oxide 10 is held by double coil 2 and disposed to be in contact with plate member 3. Metal oxide 10 is in contact with double coil 2.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode which comprises an emission surface, a reservoir for material releasing, when heated, work-function-lowering particles, and at least one passage for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission surface, said emission surface comprising at least one emission area and at least one non-emission area covered with emission-suppressing material and surrounding each emission area, said non-emission area comprising at least one passage connecting said reservoir with said non-emission area and debouching within a diffusion length distance from an emission area for allowing diffusion of work-function-lowering particles from said reservoir to said emission area.

Abstract: The incandescent lamp is equipped with a luminous element which is hermetically inserted in a bulb together with a filling, the luminous element having a metal carbide whose melting point is above that of tungsten. The supply lead is fabricated integrally with the luminous element from a wire and provided with an electrically conducting coating which decisively improves the impact strength and make-proofness.

Abstract: An electronic device of the invention includes a tip emitter formed in a well that is defined in a substrate. An extractor disposed about the well extracts emissions from the tip emitter. A wide lens focuses the emissions through its opening. The opening is sufficiently large and spaced far enough away to encompass the majority of a divergence angle of the emissions. The emissions are focused into a spot.

Abstract: An electron tube cathode includes an emitter layer 30 whose main component is barium oxide and that includes a metal and/or a metal oxide as a dopant is formed on a base metal 20 whose main component is nickel and that includes a reducing agent such as magnesium. A mole ratio of the magnesium, barium, and the dopant is expressed as Y:1000:X. When the X and Y values in are expressed as XY coordinates, the value of X and the value of Y are within a range defined by straight lines connecting points (0.7, (0.8, 15), (3, 130), (3, 30), (2.5, 10), (2, 0.1), and 0.1).

Abstract: The invention relates to flat panel display terminals based on cold emission cathodes. The aim of said invention is to develop a full color processing display terminal using a cold emission cathode having high emission characteristics. The inventive cold emission film cathode comprises an insulated substrate which can be made of glass and a nanocrystalline carbon film emitter placed on it, said emitter is embodied in the form of a mono layer of grains of powder of a high temperature resistive material having a grain size ranging from 10?9 to 10?4 m, said grains being covered with a nanocrystalline carbon film. The inventive flat display terminal comprises flat glass plates on one of which a system of cold emission cathodes is arranged, said cathodes are embodied in a form of busbars coated with the mono layer of grains of powder of high temperature resistive material having a grain size ranging from 10?9 to 10?4 m which are covered with a nanocrystalline carbon film.

Abstract: A directly-heated oxide cathode and a fluorescent display tube using the same, which works with low power consumption, is provided. In a filament cathode, an alkaline earth oxide having an average grain size of 0.1 &mgr;m to 2.0 &mgr;m is coated in a thickness of 0.5 &mgr;m to 4.0 &mgr;m on the surface of a core metal wire. This structure reduces the power consumption of the filament cathode. The filament cathodes mounted in a fluorescent display tube can reduce the power consumption of the fluorescent display tube.

Abstract: A method of making an electron emissive material using combinatorial chemistry techniques is provided. The method includes providing a plurality of pixels of the electron emissive material, each pixel having at least one different characteristic from any other one of the plurality of pixels, and measuring at least one property of each pixel. The measurement may include a measurement of the electron emissive material work function using a Kelvin probe or other work function measurement systems.

Abstract: To devise an incandescent bulb for a motor vehicle with a new arrangement which can withstand vibration during driving of a motor vehicle to a sufficient degree, an envelope is provided with a unilateral sealed portion which is preferably made of a glass that has quartz as the main component; at least two feed lines extend as inner leads into the envelope; and at least one filament coil of which the main component is tungsten and which forms an emission part, has one end connected to one of the lines and the other end connected to the other of the feed lines, and the filament coil has a spring constant of at least 25 g/mm and a weight of at most 100 mg. Furthermore, advantageously, the inner leads are made of a material of which the main component is molybdenum, and the diameter of the inner leads is at least 0.48 mm.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp has an evacuated, electromagnetic-energy-transmissive envelope having therein an arc generating and sustaining medium. At least one thermionic, electron-emitting cathode is positioned within the envelope, and the cathode has an electron emissive coating thereon containing silicon carbide.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate, first and second carbon films laid with a first gap in between on the surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first carbon film and to the second carbon film, respectively. In the electron-emitting device, a narrowest gap portion between the first carbon film and the second carbon film in the first gap is located above a surface of the substrate and the substrate has a depressed portion, at least, in the first gap.

Abstract: A coil electrode for a low-pressure discharge lamp includes a coil body and two coil ends that have connection regions at which they are connected to respective power supply sections. The connection path between the two connection regions is located outside the coil body.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a flux of charge carriers that may be used in many applications including imaging and lithography comprises an electron source which includes an emitter with a tip radius of about one nanometer and a closely configured extractor, together with a specimen for receiving an electron beam from the source. The apparatus may operate in air under atmospheric conditions and at a much reduced operating voltage.

Abstract: An electron emission device can be driven with a low voltage and has an excellent mass production capability. A display device, such as a color flat panel or the like, which uses such electron emission devices has an excellent display quality. The electron emission device includes a first electrode, on which a plurality of fine particles of an electron emission body obtained by terminating carbon bodies formed on metal fine particles, serving as nuclei, with a low-work-function material via oxygen are partially arranged, on a first substrate, and a second electrode where a voltage for drawing electrons from the electron emission body into a vacuum is applied. A metal of the metal fine particles is a catalytic metal. The catalytic metal is an iron-family element, such as Ni, Co, Fe or the like, or a platinum-family element, such as Pd, Ir or Pt. The carbon bodies are made of graphite. The low-work-function material is an alkaline metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A low pressure discharge lamp in which, even during uninterrupted operation, a low lamp voltage characteristic is maintained over a long time interval and in which high radiant efficiency can be obtained over a long time is achieved via a low pressure discharge lamp which has a tubular glass bulb in which a pair of electrodes are located opposite one another, by an electron emission material which contains lithium being included on or in the electrode substrate. Advantageously, the electron emission material contains at least one of the following materials: metallic lithium, an alloy of lithium and another metal, an oxide of lithium, a mixture of an oxide of lithium with another metal oxide, and an oxide which contains lithium and another metal element and which is a compound identified by the formula Li--M--O.sub.x where M designates at least one element selected from among the alkali earth metals, rare earth metals and transition metal, and x is the number of oxygen atoms required for valency equalization.

Abstract: 0504221609 Nanometer-scale field emitter tips are fabricated on a single crystal silicon substrate and an optically active semiconductive material is deposited on the tip. A bias voltage is connected between the semiconductor and the substrate to cause the optically active material to emit light.

Abstract: A cold cathode electron emission structure includes an amorphous carbon matrix having cesium dispersed therein, with the cesium present in substantially non-crystalline form. A cesium-carbon-oxide layer is positioned on the amorphous carbon matrix, constitutes an electron emission surface and causes the cold cathode electron emission structure to exhibit a lowered surface work function. A display structure including the aforedescribed cold cathode electron emission structure further includes a target electrode including a phosphor and exhibiting a target potential for attraction of electrons. A gate electrode is positioned between the electron emission structure and the target electrode and is biased at a gate potential which attracts electrons, but which is insufficient, in combination with the target potential, to cause emission of a beam of electrons from the electron emission structure.

Abstract: A cold-cathode discharge device for emitting light. The device has a fluorescent tube and electrodes containing R.sub.2 O.sub.3-z (where R is an atom or an atom group of rare earth elements, O is oxygen, and z is 0.0 to 1.0). The electrodes are made by oxidation of the rare earth elements under an atmosphere in which oxygen and/or oxygen-containing substance is 1% or less by volume, in order to control the stoichiometry of the oxide.

Abstract: A directly heated cathode structure includes a porous pellet impregnated with a thermionic emission material, a supporter for applying electrical power, and a filament fixed to the porous pellet, having an end, and fixed to the supporter, wherein the filament includes a connecting portion wider than the filament and fixed to the supporter at the end of the filament. The cathode structure is suitable for a color CRT such as a color television or a CRT for industrial use and having a large screen.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp of the invention is provided with a gas-tight discharge vessel (10) which contains an ionizable filling. Electrodes are arranged inside At least one of the electrodes has a tungsten coil (20.sub.A) which is electrically connected to current supply conductors (30.sub.A, 30.sub.A ') which extend to outside the discharge vessel (10). The coil (20.sub.A) has a central zone (21.sub.A) covered with an electron-emitting material (22.sub.A) and, on either side, boundary zones (23.sub.A, 23.sub.A ') between the central zone (21.sub.A) and respective current supply conductors (30.sub.A, 30.sub.A '). The boundary zones (23.sub.A, 23.sub.A ') having a covering (24.sub.A, 24.sub.A ') of a protective material, comprising a ceramic material having a specific resistance less than 1000 .mu..OMEGA..cm.

Abstract: A cathode includes a hairpin type filament made of a refractory metal such as W, Mo or Re; a single crystal needle, made of a refractory metal such as W, Mo or Re joined to the filament; and a reservoir formed by applying a slurry of a powder of a metal or metal compound and an organic solvent containing nitrocellulose in the vicinity of a junction between the single crystal needle and the filament. The powder for a reservoir is made of a metal lower than the single crystal needle in a work function or electron affinity, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, Th, Sc or Se, or a compound thereof.

Abstract: A lamp for emitting in the visible portion of the spectrum, which utilizes a fill which includes a selenium and/or a sulfur containing substance. The lamp has superior performance characteristics. Special electrode structures are provided which enhance longevity.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device including a cathode filament increased in mechanical strength and reduced in end cool. A 26% Re-W filament of 0.64 MG (corresponding to 0.64 mg in weight per 20 cm in length) exhibits an end cool as small as 4.2 mm on each of both sides thereof at a temperature of about 580.degree. C. The end cool in a conventional W filament of the same diameter is increased to about 8 mm. The 26% Re-W filament is increased in mechanical strength by 50% as compared with the conventional W filament.

Abstract: A directly heated cathode structure includes a porous pellet impregnated with a cathode material, a first metal member fixed to a surface of the porous pellet, a second metal member welded to the first metal member, and a filament interposed between the first and second metal members. A method for manufacturing a directly heated cathode structure includes manufacturing a porous pellet having a multiplicity of cavities, welding a first metal member to a surface of the porous pellet with a brazing layer, impregnating the cavities of the pellet with an electron radiating material, and welding a second metal member to the first metal member with a filament disposed between the first and second metal members. The useful life of the cathode structure is prolonged since thermions are not emitted through the surface of the pellet covered by the metal member.

Abstract: A directly heated cathode structure includes a porous pellet impregnated with a cathode material, filaments connected to the porous pellet, a support supporting the filament, and an insulation block supporting the support, wherein the filaments are supported on the porous pellet by at least one auxiliary member. The supporting structure is very strong and the quality and productivity can be greatly improved by improvement of the filament welding process using the auxiliary members.

Abstract: A field emission cathode for use in flat panel displays comprises a layer of conductive material and a layer of amorphic diamond film, functioning as a low effective work-function material, deposited over the conductive material to form emission sites. The emission sites each contain at least two sub-regions having differing electron affinities. The cathode may be used to form a computer screen or a fluorescent light source.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device including a cathode filament increased in mechanical strength and reduced in end cool. A 26% Re-W filament of 0.64 MG corresponding to 0.64 mg in weight per 20 cm in length exhibits an end cool as small as 4.2 mm on each of both sides thereof at a temperature of about 580.degree. C. The end cool in a conventional W filament of the same diameter is increased to about 8 mm. The 26% Re-W filament is increased in mechanical strength by 50% as compared with the conventional W filament.

Abstract: The present invention is a thin filament embedded in a low density aerogel for use in radiation detection instruments and incandescent lamps. The aerogel provides a supportive matrix that is thermally and electrically nonconductive, mechanically strong, highly porous, gas-permeable, and transparent to ionizing radiation over short distances. A low density, open-cell aerogel is cast around a fine filament or wire, which allows the wire to be positioned with little or no tension and keeps the wire in place in the event of breakage. The aerogel support reduces the stresses on the wire caused by vibrational, gravitational, electrical, and mechanical forces.

Abstract: Electric lamps having molybdenum metal parts exposed to an oxidizing environment can withstand exposure to higher operating temperature if the molybdenum metal parts are coated with silicon nitride (Si.sub.3 N.sub.4). Tungsten-halogen lamps having molybdenum outer leads coated with silicon nitride have operated for over 1500 hours at about 450.degree. C. without oxidation failure of the leads.

Abstract: This invention relates to a magnetron for generating a microwave, in which an upper end shield and a lower end shield for supporting respectively top end and bottom end of a filament, which is a cathode portion, are included, the upper end shield being made in a flange shape having a flat portion of a diameter bigger than an outer diameter of the filament, and a getter for absorbing a generating gas within a vacuum bulb body is mounted on top surface of the upper end shield, and the getter includes a flat portion mounted to the flat portion of the upper end shield and an inclined portion extended downwardly from the end edge of the flat portion so that the electrons generated from the cathode collides and is absorbed.

Abstract: The invention refers to a filament having improved emission of visible light. The emissivity of a tungsten filament is improved by depositing a layer of submicron-to-micron crystallites on the filament, the layer having substantially submicron spacing between crystallites. The crystallites being formed from tungsten or a tungsten alloy of up to 1 weight percent thorium, up to 10 weight percent of at least one of rhenium, tantalum, or niobium, and the balance substantially tungsten.

Abstract: Structures in electrodes such as filaments for electric lamps and the like are subject to heat corrosion and/or erosion or evaporation during use. The electrodes are coated with synthetic diamond which serves to protect the operating or exposed portion or portions of the electrodes from corrosion and/or erosion. Where the electrode is a filament employed to generate and emit radiation including light energy for illumination, the coating is thin enough to be transmissive of the light energy generated when the electrode is electrically energized. Similarly if the electrode is used in the generation of an arc or electron beam, the synthetic diamond coating serves to protect the core material of the electrode from erosion and/or corrosion while permitting the radiant energy to be transmitted therethrough. If the electrode is a filament in a light bulb, the side wall and end wall thereof heated to incandescense are coated with such protective light transmitting material.

Abstract: To maintain a monolayer of scandium, which is necessary for a satisfactory emission on the surface of a scandate cathode, at least the top layer of the cathode is provided with a scandium-containing oxidic phase from which Scandium is supplied by segregation from this oxidic phase.