Abstract: This invention relates to an electron gun for cathode tube having red, green and blue cathode structure body composed of a combination with a sleeve having open and close type and other length, thickness, shape and the quality of material and connecting heater therein, a base metal having other shape, thickness and attached on upper edge of the sleeve and a hot electron emitting material deposited on the base metal.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device including a cathode filament increased in mechanical strength and reduced in end cool. A 26% Re-W filament of 0.64 MG corresponding to 0.64 mg in weight per 20 cm in length exhibits an end cool as small as 4.2 mm on each of both sides thereof at a temperature of about 580.degree. C. The end cool in a conventional W filament of the same diameter is increased to about 8 mm. The 26% Re-W filament is increased in mechanical strength by 50% as compared with the conventional W filament.

Abstract: An electron emitting, barium hafnate material for arc discharge lamp electrodes is manufactured by the method comprising the steps of: forming a mixture of barium carbonate and hafnium oxide in a 48 to 52 mole ratio; adding the mixture to a suitable carrier to form a slurry; ball milling the slurry for about 2 hours to form a powder mix; drying the powder mix; firing the dried powder mix in air at about 1500.degree. C. for about 22 hours to produce a product; and vibration milling the product in methanol with zirconia media to produce the barium hafnate. The latter material is then preferably vacuum impregnated into a tungsten electrode and hydrogen fired to produce a single phase barium oxide/hafnium oxide compound.

Abstract: A flat panel display of a field emission type having a triode (three terminal) structure and useful as a device for displaying visual information is disclosed. The display includes a plurality of corresponding light-emitting anodes and field-emission cathodes, each of the anodes emitting light in response to emission from each of the corresponding cathodes, each of the cathodes including a layer of low work function material having a relatively flat emission surface which includes a plurality of distributed localized electron emission sites and a grid assembly positioned between the corresponding anodes and cathodes to thereby control emission levels to the anodes from the corresponding cathodes. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the layer of low work function material is amorphic diamond film.

Abstract: An oxide cathode is provided including a metal base, an electron emissive material layer formed on the metal base and having barium as a main component, a heater for heating the electron emissive material layer, and a Ba evaporation restraining layer having a thickness ranging from 10.ANG. to 10,000.ANG. and consisting of at least one titanium compound formed on the electron emissive material layer.

Abstract: A thermionic cathode having an overcoating of emissive material having a position including a mixture Aluminum Tungstate and Scandium Tungstate which react, when heated, to provide the cathode with enhanced electron emissions.

Abstract: A field emission cathode is provided which includes a substrate and a conductive layer disposed adjacent the substrate. An electrically resistive pillar is disposed adjacent the conductive layer, the resistive pillar having a substantially flat surface spaced from and substantially parallel to the substrate. A layer of diamond is disposed adjacent the surface of the resistive pillar.

Abstract: The high-pressure metal halide discharge lamp has tungsten electrodes in a light-transmitting lamp vessel which is closed in a vacuumtight manner. The electrodes comprise an emitter which is distributed throughout their mass and is formed by a first oxide chosen from hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide and by a second oxide chosen from yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide and scandium oxide, and are substantially free from thorium oxide. The lamp retains its initial light output to a high degree throughout its life.

Abstract: An oxide cathode is provided including an electron emissive material layer including barium, a metal base, a sleeve and a heater, wherein the electron emissive material layer further includes 0.1 to 20 wt. % of tin or a tin compound, based on the total amount of the electron emissive material, and indium or an indium compound.

Abstract: A device which can produce a bright, raster scanned or non-raster scanned image from a flat panel. Unlike many flat panel technologies, this device does not require ambient light or auxiliary illumination for viewing the image. Rather, this device relies on electrons emitted from a ferroelectric emitter impinging on a phosphor. This device takes advantage of a new electron emitter technology which emits electrons with significant kinetic energy and beam current density.

Abstract: A low-power cathode can be obtained by arranging it on a substrate (1), preferably of silicon, which is entirely or partly removed at the location of the emissive structure (11) by means of, for example, anisotropic etching. Because of its low power, the cathode is particularly suitable for multi-beam applications.

Abstract: A cathode structure contains electronegative atoms (22), which consist of oxygen and/or fluorine, chemically bonded to a carbon-containing cathode (10). Atoms (24R) of electropositive metal are chemically bonded to the electronegative atoms. The combination of the electropositive metal atoms and the electronegative atoms enhances the electron emissivity by reducing the work function.

Abstract: An impregnated cathode structure has: (1) a sleeve having a truncated conically-shaped top portion with an opening having a predetermined diameter at the center thereof; (2) oxide cathode material formed within and conforming to the shape of the sleeve to form a point exposed through the opening; (3) a receiver forming part of said sleeve for retaining the oxide cathode material; (4) a backing plug which divides the inside of the sleeve so as to form a space for the receiver; and (5) a heater installed in the sleeve below the backing plug.

Abstract: An impregnated pellet for a cathode structure according to the present invention is produced by forming a plurality of voids by arranging a plurality of metal rods within a cylinder of heat-resisting metal open at both ends thereof, impregnating the voids with electron emission material, thereby to prepare a rod-shaped pellet base, cutting the rod-shaped pellet base into respective impregnated pellets of a predetermined thickness, and finishing the cut surfaces of the pellets by vibration and tilting operation of working plate. The impregrate pellets can be extensively applied to a cathode-ray tube, an electron tube and the like, which require high current density.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for quantitative autoradiography analysis involving beta-ray radiation comprises a converter 2 and wire chamber 3 in association with a membrane which provides a seal for the housing in which the converter and wire chamber are accommodated, the membrane also providing a "window" for the radioactive samples.

Abstract: In a cathode assembly of a cathode ray tube, a cathode having an emitter is inserted in a through-hole formed in an insulator. The emitter is provided so as to face a cylindrical electrode of a first grid at a predetermined distance. A hole communicating with the through-hole is formed at a longitudinal side of the insulator, and a tubularly rising shelter is provided between the emitter in the through-hole of the insulator and the hole. This satisfies (E.times.B)-(C.times.E)+(C.times.D)-(A.times.D).gtoreq.A. D, where the height of the hole is A, the height of the shelter is B, the length from the lower end of the shelter to the head of the cathode is C, the length between the cathode and the shelter is D, and the length between the cathode and the insulator is E. The cathode assembly prevents metal vapor, such as barium oxide of the cathode and nickel or chromium of the sleeve, from spreading through the hole of the insulator.

Abstract: An improved low power pulsed anode magnetron is provided having a cylindrical cathode centrally disposed within a plurality of radial anode vanes. An interaction region is provided between the surface of the cathode and the anode vane tips. A ratio of the anode-to-cathode space over the center-to-center distance between adjacent vane tips is within a range between 0.95 and 1.05. The cathode is joined to a magnetic polepiece assembly which channels magnetic flux to the interaction region. Both the cathode and the polepiece are mechanically adjustable from external to the magnetron to reposition the cathode and polepiece with respect to the anode vanes. The cathode surface is formed from an active nickel alloy which is cleaned by a chemical process followed by a high temperature and vacuum firing. An emissive surface is applied over the cleaned cathode surface.

Abstract: A cathode in an MPD thruster has an internal heater and utilizes low work function material. The cathode is preheated to operating temperature, and then the thruster is fired by discharging a capacitor bank in a pulse forming network.

Abstract: A cathode for a secondary emission structure comprised of a superconductive material is described. In one embodiment the cathode comprises a layer of a superconductive material such as yttrium barium cupric oxide, or rare earth substituted neodymium cupric oxides. The layer may be bonded to a metal electrode or preferably the cathode consist of a superconductive or conductive oxide. The use of a superconductive material provides a cathode having suitable secondary emission characteristics and, furthermore, which being conductive at room temperatures, as well as, temperatures of operation of the cathode, obviating the need for a use of a very thin film of a secondary emission material.

Abstract: The initial emission and the lifetime of oxide cathodes are considerably improved by adding small quantities of rare earth metals (10-500 ppm).

Abstract: A cathode arrangement for emitting electrons includes an electrode-conductive emission body that defines an emission surface from which the electrons propagate. A slit pattern is cut into the emission body for dividing the emission body into a current path. Two spaced apart conductive terminals on the emission body connect opposite ends of the current path for carrying current along the emission body that is used to heat the emission body by Joule heat.

Abstract: A gas tube protector includes a new coating for the electrodes. The coating, which eliminates the need for conditioning the electrodes prior to using or testing the protector, includes barium titanate and titanium.

Abstract: An electron emitting device causes electron emission by a current supply in a coarse resistor film. The coarse thin resistor film is composed at least of a coarse thin silicon film.

Abstract: A negative electron affinity device has acceptor dopant concentration increased proximate the emitter face of the III-V semiconductor layer and within the depletion zone effected by an overlying CsO negative electron affinity coating. Methods to accomplish dopant concentration include diffusion, ion implantation and doping during crystal growth.

Abstract: A high energy level electronic device is segregated into source diode and utilization diode portions, portions which may also be identified as cathode and main diode portions, respectively. The cathode diode portion is operated at a low voltage such that closure velocity effects therein although present, are minimized. A current of electrons, generated by in cathode diode plasma is fed to the second diode through an anode screen portion of the cathode diode. In this arrangement, since there are electrons, but no plasma cathode present in the main diode, no closing problem occurs therein. In this arrangement, therefore the cathode diode is effectively a source of current for the main diode and is operated at minimal voltage to enable the provision of current for a maximum length of time prior to closure effect terminations.

Abstract: A method is provided of preparing an impregnated cathode with enhanced thionic emission from a porous billet by impregnating the billet with a suitable impregnant in the presence of an oxygen deficient compound.

Abstract: A cathode structure for supporting a cathode sleeve of a cathode ray tube includes a plurality of metal ribbons for supporting the cathode sleeve, where one end of a ribbon is fixed to an upper end of the cathode sleeve and the other end of the same ribbon is fixed to an upper end of a cathode holder, that allows thermal expansion of the cathode sleeve to occur towards the cathode holder, and maintain a constant distance between a cathode cup on the cathode sleeve and a first electrode of an electron gun.

Abstract: A multiple electron emission device having a substrate, a pair of opposed electrodes disposed on the substrate, and an electron emission section formed with grains between the electrodes. Selected portions of the electron emission section are coated with a conductor, semiconductor or insulating material by mask deposition or the like so as to divide the electron emission section into a dotted or linear array of electron emitting portions.

Abstract: An electron emitting device is provided for use in a flat display, an electron beam drawing apparatus, a CRT display and so on. The electron emitting device comprises a first layer having a first bandgap, a second layer formed on the first layer and having the first bandgap, a third layer formed on the second layer and having a second bandgap, which is narrower than the first bandgap, and a fourth layer formed on the third layer and having an electron emitting surface. According to this structure, a high electron emission efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: Electron devices employing electron sources including a material having a surface exhibiting a very low/negative electron affinity such as, for example, the 111 crystallographic plane of type II-B diamond. Electron sources with geometric discontinuities exhibiting radii of curvature of greater than approximately 1000.ANG. are provided which substantially improve electron emission levels and relax tip/edge feature requirements. Electron devices employing such electron sources are described including image generation electron devices, light source electron devices, and information signal amplifier electron devices.

Abstract: A cold cathode device includes a first electrode formed on a substrate, an insulating film formed on the first electrode, a thin film formed on the insulating film and for generating hot electrons, a second electrode formed on the thin film. Electrons are injected from the second electrode at a first half cycle of each cycle of an a.c. voltage. The injected electrons form a space charge layer between the insulating film and the thin film. At a second half cycle of each cycle, the hot electrons are generated from the electrons stored in the space charge layer inside of the thin film, and emitted from the second electrode.

Abstract: An impregnated thermionic cathode includes a porous matrix of sintered tungsten-alloy particles containing less than six percent iridium and/or other platinum-group metal. The pores of the matrix are impregnated with a temporary process impregnant such as molten copper or an organic monomer, and upon solidification is machined to a desired shape. Thereafter the temporary process impregnant is removed, and the matrix pores again infiltrated with a barium oxide such as molten barium aluminate, or other alkaline earth. A thin, iridium-rich surface activating layer, preferably of about 50% iridium, is then applied to the emitting surface. The diffusion of surface activating iridium is substantially blocked; superior emission and lifetime is provided; and the cathode is relatively low cost and easy to fabricate.

Abstract: To maintain a monolayer of scandium, which is necessary for a satisfactory emission on the surface of a scandate cathode, at least the top layer of the cathode is provided with a scandium-containing oxidic phase from which Scandium is supplied by segregation from this oxidic phase.

Abstract: In a mercury vapor arc discharge tube having a pair of electrodes, an emissive material disposed on the electrodes consists essentially of a single phase compound of Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x Y.sub.2 O.sub.4 where x is from about 0.25 to about 0.95.

Abstract: An electron device (100, 110, 200, 300, 400, 500) comprised of a semiconductor transistor such as a bipolar or field effect transistor, a diamond material layer (107, 206, 305), and a distally disposed anode is provided.

Abstract: A reservoir dispenser cathode structure having improved thermal efficiency is provided by inner and outer subassemblies. The inner subassembly has a molybdenum heater cup to which a tungsten-rhenium alloy cap is laser seam-welded. The outer subassembly has a tantalum support cylinder within which the inner subassembly is supported by means of a three-point suspension in the form of tabs that are lanced from the tantalum cylinder and spot-welded to the heater cup. The heater has a coiled-coil design wherein the coils are coated with Al.sub.3 O.sub.3 and small particle tungsten powder to increase the coil's thermal emissivity. This thermally-efficient structure permits the achievement of high current density (greater than 3 Amperes per square centimeter) with heater power that is less than 1.3 Watts.

Abstract: The present invention improves the stability among the qualities of the electron tube cathodes in which the barium scandate is dispersed and contained in the alkali earth metal oxide layer provided on the surface of the base metal, by making the shape and average particle size of the barium scandate similar to those of the carbonate used to form the alkali earth metal oxide, and it avoids the deterioration of the electron emission property for a long time, by setting the concentration of the barium scandate in the alkali earth metal oxide layer to zero at the position close to the surface of the base metal.

Abstract: A potted heater assembly and a method of forming such a potted heater assembly comprises the steps of introducing into a mold having a filament disposed therein a slurry containing a liquid vehicle and particles of a refractory ceramic, said particles having a cylindrical shape and a diameter of generally less than a micron. The method further includes the step of removing the liquid vehicle from the slurry to leave behind a consolidated ceramic embedding the filament, and heating the ceramic having the embedded filament to further consolidate the ceramic to provide said ceramic having a density of at least 85% of theoretical density for the particular ceramic. The potted heating assembly having a ceramic potting embedding a filament heater is provided having higher post-sinter density than prior assemblies and has substantially higher strength.

Abstract: An electron emitting device is provided with a p-semiconductor layer formed on a semiconductor substrate. The p-semiconductor layer is composed of a diamond layer.

Abstract: An electron device employing an electron source including a polycrystalline diamond film having a surface with a plurality of crystallographic planes some of which exhibit a very low/negative electron affinity such as, for example, the 111 crystallographic plane of type II-B diamond. Electron devices employing such electron sources are described including image generation electron devices, light source electron devices, and information signal amplifier electron devices.

Abstract: A wire shaped electron source includes a heating core wire, an insulator partially provided on the heating core wire, and an electron emission material provided on the heating core between the insulators. The thickness of the electron emission material is less than the height of the insulators. When the wire shape electron source is installed in a flat panel display device, the insulator prevents the electron emission material from vibrating thus preventing any contact with the inner wall of the flat panel display device.

Abstract: A magnetron includes a cathode assembly which comprises a helically wound wire supported by a ceramic cylindrical member. Emissive material is located between adjacent turns of the conductor and connection is provided to the conductor via a rod and tube. When current is passed through the conductor (2), the emissive material (4) is directly heated.

Abstract: An electron emitter for an x-ray tube is formed by a geometrical member that is completely filled with electron-emitting material. This emitter can be excited to emit electrons over its entire side facing toward the anode. The electron-emitting material is composed of a mixture of conductive metal powder and a non-conductive powder or a ceramic material. A uniform distribution of the electrons in the focal spot of the anode is obtained in substantially all expected operating conditions of an x-ray tube, so that the x-radiation generated in the focal spot is correspondingly uniform. Further, the electron emitter can be manufactured in a simple manner.

Abstract: The present invention involves a cathode structure for an electron tube wherein the cathode sleeve and cathode sleeve holder are fixed together by improved means so as to increase the exposed length of the cathode sleeve that has a cathode heater, a cathode holder for holding the cathode heater, a cathode sleeve with an upper end and lower end for enclosing the cathode heater, the upper end sealed by a cathode cap, a cathode sleeve holder with an upper end and lower end for holding the lower end of the cathode sleeve and the cathode holder, an outward flange formed around the lower end of the cathode sleeve, and an inward flange from around the upper end of the cathode sleeve holder, wherein in the outward flange of the cathode sleeve is caught by and bonded to the inner flange of the cathode sleeve holder.

Abstract: A cascaded magnetron device has an elongate cathode shank extending along its axis and a series of tubular anode elements placed end to end in a linear cascade surrounding the cathode shank along at least part of its length. Each adjacent pair of anode elements is separated by a conductive, annular pin down disc, and the cathode shank has a series of spaced bands of field emitting material separated by non-emitting regions, each band being located within a respective one of the anode elements and spaced inwardly from the ends of that element. Suitable power inputs and magnetic field generators are provided for generating electron emission and oscillation in the interaction zone between each emitting band and the anode element surrounding that band, and suitable extraction devices are provided for extracting power from each of the interaction zones, the arrangement producing phase-locking of the cascaded magnetron bodies.

Abstract: An electron beam generator having an electron emission cathode adopted to be rapidly mounted to an installation, has an electronically insulating support body that is clamped on one side to a metal contact body having a large surface area. At the other side of the electrically insulating support body, a quick release device is arranged in order to rapidly mount and dismount the generator to an installation.

Abstract: A relativistic magnetron device comprising an elongate cathode shank extending along the axis of the device and a cylindrical anode surrounding the cathode shank along at least part of its length to define an annular interaction area. The anode has an even number of resonator cavities facing the cathode, and microwave extraction devices are connected to alternate resonator cavities to extract power from the device. The cathode has a central, emission band extending from the center of the interaction area in opposite directions and terminating short of the ends of the anode, while the remainder of the cathode is non-emitting.

Abstract: A gas discharge panel with a plurality of electrically conductive oxide cathode electrodes and a plurality of anode electrodes that are arranged in a matrix in a sealed container. This electrically conductive oxide cathode electrode is formed using, for example, lanthanum chromite, lanthanum calcium chromite, alumina-doped zinc oxide, or antimony-doped tin oxide.

Abstract: The zero-hour emission of oxide cathodes comprising for example BaO.SrO as an emissive material is improved by adding europium oxide or ytterbium oxide. Moreover, addition of lutetium oxide improves the lifetime properties.

Abstract: A fluorescent low pressure discharge lamp is provided with a sintered electrode consisting of about 50% to 90% by weight of W and the remainder BaO or a mixture of BaO, CaO and SrO and an oxide of Y, Zr, Hf or an oxide of the rare earths.