Abstract: A metal hexaboride nanowire such as LaB6 with the formed metal-terminated (100) plane at the tip has a small work function, and can emit a very narrow electron beam from the (100) plane. In such emitters, contamination occurs in a very short time period, and the output current greatly decreases when used under low temperature. The cold field emitter of the present invention overcomes this problem with a stabilization process that exposes the metal-terminated (100) plane of the tip to hydrogen at low temperature, and can stably operate over extended time periods.

Abstract: In an accelerating tube which uses a conductive insulator, there is a possibility that the dopant concentration on a surface of the conductive insulator becomes non-uniform so that the surface resistance of the conductive insulator becomes non-uniform. Accordingly, a circumferential groove is formed on the inner surface of the conductive insulator accelerating tube in plural stages, and metal is metalized along inner portions of the grooves. When the resistance of a specific portion on the surface of the accelerating tube differs from the resistance of an area around the specific portion, the potential of the metalized region on the inner surface of the accelerating tube becomes a fixed value and hence, the potential distribution on the inner surface of the accelerating tube in the vertical direction can be maintained substantially equal without regard to the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes three electrodes having clusters of apertures to allow collimation of the electron beam from a cathode. The main lens is operated to focus a parallel beam of electrons on a display screen. Methods for manufacturing by mechanical or semiconductor methods are also provided.

Abstract: A light source device includes first and second electrodes, an arc tube having a main body section having a discharge space in which the first and second electrodes are disposed with a distance and a sealing section disposed on each of the both ends of the main body section, a primary reflecting mirror disposed on the side of the first electrode, a secondary reflecting mirror disposed on the side of the second electrode, and a current drive device that generates an alternating current for causing the discharge between the first and second electrodes, and power control by controlling the alternating current so that supplying energy in an anodic term of the first electrode becomes smaller than supplying energy in a cathode term.

Abstract: Provided is a Schottky emitter having the conical end with a radius of curvature of 2.0 ?m on the emission side of an electron beam. Since a radius of curvature is 1 ?m or more, a focal length of an electron gun can be longer than in a conventional practice wherein a radius of curvature is in the range of from 0.5 ?m to not more than 0.6 ?m. The focal length was found to be roughly proportional to the radius of the curvature. Since the angular current intensity (the beam current per unit solid angle) is proportional to square of the electron gun focal length, the former can be improved by an order of magnitude within a practicable increase in the emitter radius. A higher angular current intensity means a larger beam current available from the electron gun and the invention enables the Schottky emitters to be used in applications which require relatively high beam current of microampere regime such as microfocus X-ray tube, electron probe micro-analyzer, and electron beam lithography system.

Abstract: An electron beam focusing electrode and an electron gun using the same may include a plate having a polygonal through-hole; at least a projecting portion formed on at least one side of the through-hole. By using the electron beam focusing electrode, a spreading phenomenon of an electron beam having a rectangular cross section may be reduced. Further, the output of the electron gun may be increased, and electron beams may be easily focused.

Abstract: The invention provides an electron beam apparatus having: a rear plate having a plurality of electron-emitting devices each provided with a device electrode, and a plurality of wirings connected to the device electrodes; and a face plate being provided with an anode electrode, and being arranged in opposition to the rear plate so as to be irradiated with an electron emitted from the electron-emitting device, wherein the device electrode is electrically connected to the wiring through an additional electrode, and the additional electrode is formed from an electroconductive material of which phase transition from a solid phase directly into a vapor phase is caused at a temperature not lower than a melting point of the device electrode within an evacuated atmosphere.

Abstract: A surface of a first grid electrode, which is located on a cathode side and is one of a plurality of electrodes for an electron gun used in an electrode gun assembly, is formed to be a rough surface having a higher degree of surface roughness than a surface of a second grid electrode located adjacent to the first grid electrode.

Abstract: An electron source includes a vacuum chamber within which a vacuum is maintained by a vacuum pump. An insulated receptacle is mounted within the vacuum chamber and has a receptacle mounting flange. The receptacle mounting flange is used to establish a coordinate system having an electron beam axis and a lateral plane, wherein the lateral plane is transverse to the electron beam axis. An adapter is mounted to the receptacle and is adjustable in five degrees of freedom with respect to the coordinate system. A cathode and focus electrode are adjustable in at least four degrees of freedom and are pre-aligned with respect to one another prior to being installed on the adapter. An anode is mounted in the vacuum chamber and is aligned at a predetermined distance from the cathode with respect to the coordinate system.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode-ray tube comprises a dish-shaped control electrode. The electrode is made from three separate components: a substantially plane component drilled with apertures so as to allow the passage of electron beams, and two identically shaped components intended to make a skirt, serving as support for the cathode modules. The three components are welded together. This structure allows the construction of a control electrode serving as support for cathode modules by virtue of inexpensive components that are simple to manufacture.

Abstract: A low voltage Einzel gun design maximizes the size of the second main lens to reduce spherical aberrations thereby reducing spot-size and improving focus quality. The gun's final accelerator electrode is formed as an internal conductive coating on the neck, which is connected to anode potential through an anode button. The jumper between the final and second accelerator electrodes is removed and the second accelerator electrode is connected through the high voltage stem pin to an external potential. Connection of the high voltage stem pin to anode potential defines an Einzel gun. The focus electrode is now connected to one of the low voltage stem pins. In a high voltage Einzel gun, connecting the second accelerator electrode and focus electrode to the high voltage and a low voltage stem pin, respectively, would cause arcing between the pins.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cathode ray tube which exhibits a favorable contrast by enhancing a speed modulation effect. A front-stage anode electrode and a focus electrode which constitute an electron gun are respectively divided into a plurality of portions. A plurality of portions of the divided front-stage anode electrode are arranged in the tube axis direction at given intervals and are electrically connected with each other. A plurality of portions of the divided focus electrode are arranged in the tube axis direction at given intervals and are electrically connected with each other. Due to gaps formed in the front-stage anode electrode and the focus electrode, the speed modulation effect is increased.

Abstract: The Fe—Ni—Cr based alloy strip having improved press-formability is provided. The alloy strip essentially consists of from 15 to 20% of Cr, from 9 to 15% of Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, has 0.03% or less of cleanliness as stipulated under JIS G 0555, has final annealed temper and a preferred orientation texture in terms of 50% or less of degree of preferred orientation of the (111) plane in a central portion between the sheet surfaces which is expressed by the following formula: &agr;c(111)=[Ic(111)/{Ic(111)+Ic(200)+Ic(220)+Ic(311)}]×100(%), with the proviso Ic(hkl) is the integral X-ray diffraction intensity of the (hkl) plane.

Abstract: A contact hole is formed, by etching that uses buffered hydrofluoric acid, in a gate insulating film made of SiO2 and an interlayer insulating layer, formed on the gate insulating film, which is made of SiN. In this contact hole, there is formed an electrode which includes: a first protective metal layer made of a refractory metal; a wiring layer, formed on the first protective metal layer, which is made of a metal whose resistance is lower than that of the refractory metal; and a second protective metal layer, made of a refractory metal, which is formed thicker than the gate insulating film.

Abstract: In a cathode ray tube including a cathode and a first and a second electrodes provided with an electron passing aperture, in which the first and the second electrodes are disposed in front of and coaxially with the cathode so that electron beam from the cathode passes through the electron passing aperture, the cathode voltage at the cutoff operation is set up from 50 V to 80 V on the basis of the first electrode to thereby realize a high luminance.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising an electron source and an electron beam guidance cavity having an input aperture and an output aperture, wherein at least a part of the wall of the electron beam guidance cavity near the output aperture comprises an insulating material having a secondary emission coefficient &dgr;1 for cooperation with the cathode. Furthermore, the cathode ray tube comprises a first electrode connectable to a first voltage source for applying, in operation, an electric field with a first field strength E1 between the cathode and the output aperture. &dgr;1 and E1 have values which enable electron transport through the electron beam guidance cavity. A second electrode is placed between the cathode and the cavity. The second electrode is connected to a second voltage source for applying, in operation, an electric field with a second field strength E2 between the cathode and the second electrode for controlling the emission of electrons.

Abstract: A beam index type cathode ray tube having a screen divided into a plurality of areas and a plurality of electron guns corresponding to the divided screen areas. The beam index type cathode ray tube includes a tube of which inner atmosphere is maintained in a vacuum state and a screen formed at one side of an inner surface of the tube. The screen has phosphor stripes and index stripes. A plurality of electron guns are mounted in the tube facing the screen and a plurality of deflectors are mounted on the tube corresponding to the electron guns to deflect electron beams which are radiated from the electron guns to the screen. A plurality of detectors are mounted on the tube corresponding to the electron guns to sense lights emitted from the index stripes.

Abstract: An apparatus for an electron gun includes a one piece thermionic electron source that extends in a longitudinal direction and has opposite end portions, an aperture disposed therebetween, and two longitudinal portions that extend in the longitudinal direction and are spaced apart from one another by the aperture and rigidly joined together by the opposite end portions. The thermionic electron source is less susceptible to ion bombardment and therefore has a longer operating life than previous ribbon type electron sources. Further, because the electron source is one piece, it does not require support and relative positioning of multiple emitters such as that required by an electron source having two separate and parallel emitters.

Abstract: An electrode of an electron gun for a cathode ray tube including a first electrode member having a large-diameter electron beam passing aperture through which three electron beams pass, and a second electrode member in the first electrode member so as to be spaced apart from the edge of the first electrode member and having three small-diameter electron beam passing apertures, wherein a slanted portion extends from the edge of the first electrode member toward the interior of the large-diameter electron beam passing aperture.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic EL display device is provided, capable of improving an opening ratio and providing narrower pitches for narrowing non-lighting portion between pixels, and, at the same time, capable of eliminating short-circuiting between display pixels for eliminating cross-talk and non-lighting pixels. In the deposition process of the cathode 6, the incident angle of the deposition material onto the substrate is optimized by optionally changing parameters such as a distance between the substrate 1 and the mask 11 and a distance between the substrate and the point deposition source 13. Thus, deposition material from a plurality of deposition sources impinges onto the substrate surface obliquely passing at a different incident angles though opening (slits 11a) of the mask 11, so that the width 10 of the electrode pattern 6 becomes broader than the width of the slit by superposition of the deposition material passing through the slits at different incident angles.

Abstract: A one-piece grid assembly for use in an electron gun for a miniature cathode-ray tube application that consists of a core made of an electrically insulating material, a first grid deposited on the core, and a second grid deposited on the core that is spaced apart from the first grid, and a method of making the one-piece grid assembly by first compression molding the core and then depositing the grid by plating are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron gun having a grid and a cathode with the cathode having an emissive part (12) which defines a central hole (11) in order to reduce spurious electron emissions from the grid to enhance cooling.

Abstract: In an electron gun for a cathode ray tube in which a focus electrode group includes a single platelike electrode having three apertures arrayed in one plane and a thickness equal to a depth of each of the three apertures, a tapered surface is formed on the entrance side and/or exit side of each of the three apertures, the tapered surface having a diameter larger than the aperture diameter and having a linear or curved shape in cross section, and a step which extends in the direction of the depth is formed around an aperture periphery of the tapered surface. With this constitution, the concentricity between each of the tapered surfaces and a respective one of the apertures can be measured with high precision on the basis of the boundary between each of the tapered surfaces and the corresponding one of the steps, thereby improving the precision of measurement of the concentricity between each of the apertures formed in the platelike electrode and the tapered surface formed around the aperture periphery.

Abstract: A double cross-over type electron gun for a color CRT is provided. The electron gun includes a triode having a cathode, a control electrode and a screen electrode, for generating and controlling an electron beam, a plurality of focus electrodes sequentially disposed adjacent to the triode, for forming at least one auxiliary lens, and a final accelerating electrode disposed adjacent to the focus electrode, for forming a main lens. The electron beam generated by the triode includes a cross-over point in front of the main lens and proximate to the auxiliary lens. At least one of the auxiliary lenses disposed upstream from the main lens is formed as a quadrupole lens so that the position of the cross-over point in the horizontal direction and that in the vertical direction are different from each other. When a dynamic focusing voltage is applied, the image quality at the periphery of a screen can be greatly improved.

Abstract: A device which can produce a bright, raster scanned or non-raster scanned image from a flat panel. Unlike many flat panel technologies, this device does not require ambient light or auxiliary illumination for viewing the image. Rather, this device relies on electrons emitted from a ferroelectric emitter impinging on a phosphor. This device takes advantage of a new electron emitter technology which emits electrons with significant kinetic energy and beam current density.

Abstract: An in-line type electron gun assembly has a cathode unit for producing a central electron beam and two side electron beams and first and second electrode units. Each of the first and second electrode units has a cylindrical member of a non-circular elongated cross section and a plate member provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical member so as to be joined therewith to define three electron beam passage holes juxtaposed, within the cylindrical member, in a direction parallel with a lengthwise direction of the elongated cross section of the cylindrical member. The plate member of each electrode unit has at least one hole therein serving as an electron beam passage hole for the central electron beam.

Abstract: An electron tube having a hole or "window" covered by a thin, electron permeable membrane is provided with means for minimizing stress concentration in the membrane adjacent the periphery of the hole, thereby relieving stress concentrations which would otherwise occur when the membrane is forced inwardly into the hole by atmospheric or other pressure on the exterior of the tube. In a manufacturing method, a polymeric ring may be provided between the membrane and the exterior wall of the tube. The polymeric ring, desirably a polyimide has a glass transition temperature less than the elevated temperature used to expel volatile materials from the interior of the tube. The polymeric ring substantially relieves stresses induced by differential thermal expansion or contraction at temperatures between the glass transition temperature and the elevated temperature, as during cooling following the volatile removal step.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube (CRT) includes a cathode, a low voltage beam forming region (BFR), and a high voltage deflection focus lens disposed in the beam deflection region of the CRT's yoke for simultaneous focusing and deflection of the electron beam on the CRT's display screen. The deflection lens includes a first electrode either in the form of a cylindrical metal grid or a conductive coating disposed on the inner surface of the CRT's neck portion and extending into the magnetic deflection field. The deflection lens further includes a second electrode disposed either on or immediately adjacent to the inner surface of the CRT's frusto-conical funnel portion intermediate the magnetic deflection yoke and the CRT's display screen.

Abstract: A flat display panel assembly includes an evacuated glass envelope having a faceplate, a source of electron beams, a control electrode assembly including a stack of electrode substrates each having a predetermined pattern of electrode holes defined therein, and anodes formed by depositing phosphor material on the faceplate in correspondence with the electrode holes in the electrode substrates. At least one of the electrode substrates is made of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of the remaining electrode substrates. The electrodes holes in such one of the electrode substrates are so defined and so arranged as to be offset from the corresponding electrode holes in the other electrode substrates by an increasing as a distance increases from a center portion of the electrode assembly towards the perimeter of the electrode assembly. With the electrode holes so defined and so arranged, the electrode substrates are movably supported to accomodate the thermal expansion.

Abstract: At least one of grid electrodes which serves as a main lens of an electron gun for use in a color cathode ray tube is divided into a plurality of cylindrical electrodes coaxially connected. An inner electrode is provided at the connection part between the cylindrical electrodes so that the center of an elliptical aperture of the inner electrode coincides with the center of an inner wall of the grid electrode. Thus, astigmatism in the main lens is removed, thereby improving the resolution of the color cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A display tube comprising an electron gun having a beam-shaping part and a focusing structure. The focusing structure comprises an elongate hollow structure with a high-ohmic resistive layer provided on the inner and/or outer surface and comprises means for forming a non-rotationally symmetrical lens element in the area of the focusing structure. This may be a structure generating an electric multipole (for example, dipole or quadrupole) which may be incorporated particularly in the high-ohmic resistive layer.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube having an integrated electron gun structure including mirrored main focusing and accelerating electrodes (46B, 52). The electron gun comprises a triode section formed by three in-line arranged cathodes (27, 28, 29) and first and second grid electrodes (30, 36) whose apertures are symmetrically disposed about respective central (21) and outer (32, 34) axes which pass through their respective cathodes. A prefocusing electrode (38) having eccentric outer apertures is positioned next to the second electrode (36). The field produced by the prefocusing electrode (38) serves to converge the electron beams produced in the triode section. At least one, but more conveniently two, further electrode(s) (40, 46A) are provided between the prefocusing electrode (38) and the main focusing lens electrode (46B).

Abstract: A monochrome cathode ray tube incorporates an electron gun featuring a focusing electrode having an upper cup-shaped portion comprising a top cylindrical sidewall portion and a lower inwardly tapering sidewall portion connecting to a flat bottom portion, the cup-shaped portion supported by an elongated cylindrical base portion having a diameter of from about 44 to 48 percent of the diameter of the upper cylindrical portion of the cup. The electron gun is particularly suitable for use in monochrome cathode ray tubes for projection color television.

Abstract: An in-line type color CRT electron gun having a triode and a plurality of grids, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of grids is made of a black member or a member on which a black film is formed. The time required for attaining a stable temperature of the member is reduced, thereby improving deviations in static convergence and reducing the time required for an image to be normally displayed.

Abstract: To avoid the deflection phenomenon of the red and blue spots of a trichromatic tube with in line cathodes, as a function of a variation of the focusing voltage, the holes corresponding to these two colors are enlarged over a distance of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm.

Abstract: The effective aperture sizes of the final focusing and accelerating electrodes of an in-line electron gun structure for color cathode ray tubes are increased by elongating the apertures, expanding the outer edges of the side apertures, and surrounding the apertures with a peripheral raised rim which balances the asymmetry introduced into the apertures by enlargement. Partitions between the aperture may be radiused so their center height is lower than the height at the edges. The raised rim of the final accelerating electrode is generally higher than the raised rim of the focusing electrode.

Abstract: Electron gun for cathode ray tube, the electrostatic lenses of which comprise an electrode that remains at a high voltage after shut-down of the power supply of the tube, wherein in order to reduce the effect, apparent through an interference glimmer upon the screen on the K cathode of the high voltage remaining on the electrode after shutdown of the power supply, means for masking this voltage are provided that form part of an electron gun electrode of intermediary position between the first high voltage electrode and the cathode, and wherein preferably, the intermediary electrode has an elongated form according to the axis of the gun with two end walls, of which that turned towards the cathode has a greater thickness than the thickness of the opposite wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved strengthening means for a substantially planar one-piece electrode component utilized in an in-line multi-beam CRT electron gun assembly. Advantageous ruggedizing properties are achieved by discretely formed longitudinal channels oriented along the sides of the component with defined ledge portions extending outward therefrom; beneficially dimensioned supporting projections are formed as integral extensions thereof. A plurality of cooperating mini-channels are included as transversals in the component to provide a markedly improved structure.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises an envelope, an electron gun having a beam limiting aperture, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a mesh electrode, the first, second and third electrodes constituting electrostatic lens system to focus the electron beam, the second electrode being a deflection electrode of arrow or zig-zag patterns to deflect the electron beam, wherein if distance between the beam limiting aperture and the mesh electrode is l, length of the second electrode is made (1/3 l-1/10 l) and (1/3 l+1/10 l), and distance between the beam limiting aperture and the center of the second electrode is made (1/2 l-1/3 l) to (1/2 l).

Abstract: A CRT electron gun electrode is provided with an improved beam shaping region having an elongated recess coined in the upper electrode surface and an opposed coined depression in the lower surface. The double coining fabrication method assures a sharp perimetrical edge about at least the central portion of the recess, such being an important influence in achieving improved beam shaping lensing.

Abstract: A curved, electrically-conductive foil or gauze member is provided in a second cylindrical accelerating electrode of an electron gun for a cathode ray tube. The curvature of the foil or gauze member initially decreases with distance from the longitudinal axis of the electrode, thereby modifying the shape of the field produced by the electrode and minimizing spherical aberration. The curvature preferably varies according to a zero order Bessel function. Spherical aberration can be made negative by adjusting the relative positions of the member and nearby ends of the second and an adjacent first cylindrical accelerating electrode.

Abstract: An electron beam focusing lens comprises at least two cylindrical electrodes one of which is to be applied with a high potential and the other of which is to be applied with a low potential. A plate electrode having an aperture at a central portion thereof is provided at an end face of the high-potential cylindrical electrode opposite to the low-potential cylindrical electrode. The plate electrode may be of a circularly curved shape which is projected toward the low-potential cylindrical electrode between the outer and inner circumference of the plate electrode.

Abstract: An inline electron gun, for use in a cathode-ray tube, comprises four electrode means. The first electrode means forms three inline electron beams including a center beam and two outer beams. The second electrode means pre-focuses each of the electron beams individually and converges the two outer beams toward the center beam to cross-over each other within the electron gun. The third electrode means provides a common main focus lens for the three electron beams at the crossover of the beams. And, the fourth electrode means provides a common post-focusing lens for the three electron beams which causes the two outer beams to converge with the center beam near a screen of the tube.

Abstract: An improvement is made in a color picture tube having an inline electron gun for generating and directing a plurality of electron beams along coplanar paths toward a screen of the tube. The gun includes a main focus lens for focusing the electron beams which is formed by two spaced electrodes. Each electrode includes a portion having a plurality of apertures therein equal to the number of electron beams. Each electrode also includes a peripheral rim. The peripheral rims of the two electrodes face each other and the apertured portion of each electrode is within a recess set back from the rim. The improvement comprises the depths of the apertures in the electrodes being equal to the thickness of material of the electrodes. This aperture structure permits greater penetration of the electrostatic lines of the main focus lens into the electrodes behind the apertured portions of the electrodes. This penetration of electrostatic lines provides a converging field for off-axis electron beams.

Abstract: An electron gun includes two electrodes between which a resistive lens structure is mounted. The lens structure comprises a stack of alternate apertured electrode plates and insulator spacer blocks. A high resistance coating of, e.g., cermet or glaze material, is disposed along one side of the stack so that it contacts a side of each spacer block and an edge of each apertured electrode plate.

Abstract: A first grid electrode for an in-line type color picture tube electron gun and a method for fabrication thereof are disclosed. This electrode is formed of a single metal plate, and has a first recess having a predetermined width and depth formed in one surface of the metal plate and extending in the same direction as a direction in which a plurality of cathodes of the electron gun are arranged, and a second recess having a predetermined width and depth formed in the other surface of the metal plate and extending in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the first recess.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp construction is described utilizing a particular combination of two different phosphor materials in order to produce more efficient emission of white color light and whose color temperature can be controlled. The particular phosphor combination can be utilized as a blended mixture; and the color point of the lamp emission can be adjusted to approximate black body radiation emission such as incandescent lamp emission with negligible loss in optimum luminous efficacy.

Abstract: A 3-beam in-line electron gun comprises a pair of tub-shaped lens electrodes, each of which has three in-line apertures in its floor with tubular lips extending from the periphery of the apertures into the tubs. The lips of the lower voltage electrode are longer than the corresponding lips of the higher voltage electrode by an amount designed to either balance out the astigmatism of the fringe focus fields within the tubs or perferably to completely reverse the polarity of the overall astigmatism to at least partially compensate for the astigmatism of a self-converging yoke used with the gun.

Abstract: A one-piece astigmatic lens is formed in a grid by lancing a section thereof, coining the lanced section to a dimension wider than the trough formed by the lanced section and providing a beam aperture in the lanced and coined section.

Abstract: The electron applicator incorporates a stationary support tube and an insert tube. The support tube and the insert tube each have a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion of the insert tube slideably extends into the second end portion of the support tube. Electrons of high energy are transmitted through the assembly of both tubes. The surface of the insert tube is tapered inwardly toward the end thereof in the travelling direction of the high energy electrons. A device is provided for preventing the insert tube from sliding out of the support tube. A first engaging device engages the insert tube in a first working position. This device is such that upon a predetermined axial force which may inadvertently be exercised by a patient under treatment, the insert tube will slide into the support tube.An adapter for small field or cavetory treatment may be connected to the output end of the insert tube.