Abstract: The invention relates to an implosion protection band 26, 126 for a CRT having a plurality of brackets 40, 70, 140 that are disposed between the band and a sidewall 3 of the CRT 1 and detachably attached to the implosion protection band to support either a degaussing coil 9 or to facilitate mounting the CRT within a receiver.

Abstract: A thin flat cathode-ray tube can optimize stress which is generated in each part also when its screen size is increased and maintains high reliability particularly in connection strength in a joint portion between a front glass vessel and a back metal vessel, without deteriorating the joint portion in reliability also in working for mounting electric signal input terminals and an exhaust pipe on the back metal vessel. In the flat cathode-ray tube which is formed by joining side surface portions of the front glass vessel and the back metal vessel with each other, the back metal vessel has the side surface portion of a prescribed width extending along that of the front glass vessel and a bottom surface portion opposed to a fluorescent screen of the front glass vessel, while the bottom surface portion is depressed by a prescribed amount toward the fluorescent portion and a corner portion connecting the side surface portion with the bottom surface portion is at a prescribed radius of curvature.

Abstract: It is known to provide picture tube parts with identification marks. According to the state of the art, this identification of picture tube parts is achieved by attaching special layers or labels containing the identification data to the outside of the glass pans (10). However, this technique is extraordinarily costly because of the additional layers or labels. The invention shows that the respective identification marks (16) are formed directly on a first functional layer applied to the inside (19) of the respective picture tube part. The process is very simple if the respective identification marks (16) are burned into the first functional layer by means of a laser.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube equipped with an in-line electron gun includes a main lens made up of two cylindrical electrodes arranged in a spaced relationship. Each of the electrodes has an opening and having therein a plate electrode with a beam passing area. The electrodes are given different voltages, wherein the D and S values are in the region where all of the following inequalities are satisfied;5.0>S,D>S, and55S-20D.gtoreq.145.5S being a beam spacing between central axes of adjacent electron beams, and D being a diameter in a direction perpendicular to an in-line arrangement of the electron beams, of the cross section of an opening at opposing ends of the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in a color picture tube. The tube includes an envelope comprising a faceplate panel, a funnel and a neck. The faceplate panel includes a transparent rectangular faceplate having a cathodoluminescent screen on an interior surface thereof, and a peripheral sidewall. The improvement comprises the faceplate panel having either an interior or exterior blend radius from the faceplate to the sidewall that varies around the periphery of the panel in such a manner that the stresses in predetermined areas of the panel are reduced.

Abstract: Disclosure is related to a cathode ray tube including a panel forming a fluorescent layer therein, and a funnel connected to a panel and including an electron gun and a deflection yoke mounted inside and near the neck portion thereof, respectively, which satisfies the following equation:.theta.RL=1 to 1.3where .theta. denotes a deflection angle in degrees of an electron beam emitted from the electron gun, and RL denotes the distance in millimeters between the outlet of the electron gun mounted in the neck portion and the reference line which is the boundary between the deflection region where the electron beam emitted from the electron gun is deflected by the deflection yoke and the linear region where the electron beam moves linearly. The cathode ray tube can prevent the electron beam emitted from the electron gun from colliding with the inner surface of the funnel and mislanding in the corner areas of the fluorescent layer.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube having an optically machine-readable coded marking comprising an undercoating layer of heat- and acid-resistant paint, a mark printed with heat-resistant ink on the undercoating layer and an overcoating layer of transparent heat- and acid-resistant paint covering the mark.

Abstract: An anti-implosion band (4) for a cathode my tube comprises a suspension element (5) on its corners with the suspension element having a suspension aperture (8). The suspension element has a portion (7) in which the suspension aperture (8) is formed. This portion extends transversely to the clamping band. The suspension element further comprises projections (9) which extend on one side of the band (4), transversely to the edge of the band, and, when viewed in projection on the plane of the clamping band, the opposite side (10) of the band falls within the projections of the suspension elements. The projections do not influence the clamping function of the band. The bands can be stacked in a simple manner.

Abstract: A glass panel 3 for a glass tube for a cathode ray tube has a flat panel face portion 7 and a reduced thickness while maintaining a sufficient strength without increasing a difference of brightness, and with less shrinking deformation due to the cooling and solidification of the glass panel.Compressive stress layers 20, 21 having a thickness of t.sub.o /10 or more are formed in outer and inner surfaces of the face portion 7 of the glass panel 3 respectively. The relation of the wall thickness t.sub.d of the central portion of the face portion to the wall thickness t.sub.o of a portion near an edge portion on a diagonal line is 1.0.ltoreq.t.sub.d /t.sub.o .ltoreq.1.2. Compressive stress layers 22, 23 are formed in outer and inner surfaces of a skirt portion 6 wherein the compressive stress value of the face portion 7 is larger than the compressive stress value of the skirt portion, and the compressive stress value of the outer surface 20 of the face portion is larger than that of the inner surface 21.

Abstract: A flat cathode-ray tube in which a ceramics film or a glass film is formed by thermal spray on the coupled surface of a metal case. This assembly and a glass screen are coupled through crystallized frit glass or by glass fusion. The coupling between the metal case and the glass screen has a coupling strength sufficient to resist the vacuum stress. The metal case, which is not exposed for a long time to high temperatures during thermal spraying, can be made of a metal for realizing a lightweight without any thermal deformation or dimensional variations, thereby attaining satisfactory mechanical properties.

Abstract: A projection cathode ray tube has a liquid coolant coupling apparatus whose structure is improved. The projection cathode ray tube includes a funnel having an electron gun in its neck end and a face plate provided with a screen at the other end, a rectangular radiating plate having a frontal glass corresponding to the face plate having the screen inside thereon, and being firmly attached to the face plate, a liquid coolant layer having a predetermined thickness between the face plate and the frontal glass of the radiating plate, a clamping portion coupled by means of a bolt at each corner of the rectangular radiating plate, and a setting clasp having a contacting surface of a predetermined size in contact with the side of the funnel and a spring both provided over each bolt, whereby the setting clasp settles the funnel while pressing.

Abstract: A display device capable of bearing the stress due to vacuum condition and capable of reducing both weight and depth simultaneously, by incorporating a vacuum envelope with glass screen having a front section made in a curved panel and a rear section being concave toward the inside of the vacuum envelope.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube includes a face plate having a curved inner surface and a substantially rectangular effective area. A phosphor screen is formed on the inner surface of the face plate, and a shadow mask is arranged to oppose the phosphor screen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode-ray tube having: (1) a face panel; (2) a phosphor screen; (3) a funnel coupled to the face panel; and (4) an electron beam emitter. The outer surface of the face panel is defined by using orthogonal coordinates. An origin of the orthogonal coordinates is defined as a center of the outer surface of the face panel. An X-axis of the orthogonal coordinates is defined as a horizontal axis. A Y-axis of the orthogonal coordinates is defined as a vertical axis. A Z-axis of the orthogonal coordinates is defined as the central axis of the funnel. The Z coordinate for points on the outer surface of the face panel are defined by the polynomial: ##EQU1## wherein i and j are integers .gtoreq.0, n=2, and aij are predetermined coefficients of the polynomial. The predetermined coefficients along the X-axis are represented by a.sub.10 and a.sub.20, and coefficients along the Y-axis are represented by a.sub.01 and a.sub.02. The coefficients a.sub.10, a.sub.20, a.sub.01, and a.sub.

Abstract: In a flat cathode ray tube, a flat glass tube is of three-element structure includes a screen panel integrally provided with skirt portions which are erected from the screen panel along the front end and the opposite side portions thereof continuously, a front panel or a back panel of a sheet-like configuration, and a funnel portion having a neck portion. The screen panel, front panel and funnel portion are combined through frit glasses, and a phosphor screen is formed on the inner surface of the screen panel. An electron gun is disposed within the neck portion, so that an electron beam generated from the electron gun collides with molecules within the flat glass tube to generate negative ions. The negative ions are accelerated and irradiated at the center portion on the skirt portion provided at the front end of the screen panel, whereby the phosphor screen is prevented from being burned by the ions and degradation of the frit glass due to impact of the negative ions is prevented.

Abstract: A projection cathode ray tube has a liquid coolant coupling apparatus whose structure is improved. The projection cathode ray tube includes a funnel having an electron gun in its neck end and a face plate provided with a screen at the other end, a rectangular radiating plate having a frontal glass corresponding to the face plate having the screen inside thereon, and being firmly attached to the face plate, a liquid coolant layer having a predetermined thickness between the face plate and the frontal glass of the radiating plate, a clamping portion coupled by means of a bolt at each corner of the rectangular radiating plate, and a setting clasp having a contacting surface of a predetermined size in contact with the side of the funnel and a spring both provided over each bolt, whereby the setting clasp settles the funnel while pressing.

Abstract: An implosion-resistant band on a screen panel of a cathode-ray tube body has a metallic band element having a plurality of corners, and a plurality of holders mounted respectively on the corners. Each of the holders includes a flange held against and welded to one of the corners, an attachment arm bent from one edge of the flange, and a stack retainer extending from an opposite edge of the flange and offset out of contact with the metallic band element. The retainer has a central recess opening away from the attachment arm.

Abstract: There are provided a cathode-ray tube display unit which can be manufactured with reduced weight and cost and which can have a screen plane flattened without the use of any metal band, and a method of making the same. The screen panel is previously deformed by the use of a jig and then sealingly connected to a funnel. After the jig has been removed, the interior of the display tube body is extracted to form a vacuum. The display tube body is distorted by the extraction, but such a distortion can be corrected by deformations previously applied to the display tube body. Thus, the screen plane can be flattened without the use of any metal band.

Abstract: A glass bulb for a cathode ray tube having a thinner wall thickness to reduce the weight while there is little possibility of causing an implosion.A compression layer having a compressive stress .sigma..sub.KC is formed in a region of a panel portion 3 by physically strengthen the portion. The relation among the compressive stress .sigma..sub.KC, the breaking stress .sigma..sub.SG of the glass bulb and the maximum value .sigma..sub.VTmax of a tensile strength is 1<3.sigma..sub.VTmax /.sigma..sub.SG .ltoreq.1-(.sigma..sub.KC /.sigma..sub.SG).ltoreq.1.60.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a panel having an inner surface and an outer surface and a funnel connected to the panel having a neck portion dimensioned to house an electron gun. A single strip of synthetic resin material is coated on a predetermined area of the panel. The synthetic resin includes intaglio in the form of a bar code. The heat-resistant synthetic resin material consists of silicone rubber or consists essentially of a silicone-modified vinyl resin and aluminum. The bar code is undamaged by heat, even during a heating process of several steps, e.g., a baking process, so that the bar code and sheet can be formed during the initial steps of manufacturing the cathode ray tube. Accordingly, since the bar code is present throughout the CRT's manufacture, product management can be done all along the assembly line.

Abstract: A CRT having a phosphor layer on the inner surface of a panel wherein the longer side of the phosphor layer is concave with respect to the longer side of the panel, thereby providing a screen which has a rectangular appearance.

Abstract: A color cathode-ray tube includes a curved shadow mask formed having a number of apertures and a substantially rectangular effective surface facing the inner surface of the panel. The effective surface of the shadow mask has a center through which the tube axis passes, a horizontal axis passing through the center and at right angles to the tube axis, and a vertical axis extending and at right angles to the tube axis and the horizontal axis. The effective surface of the shadow mask is formed so that, in the region located on the horizontal axis, the radius of curvature in the direction of the horizontal axis of the surface is larger than the radius of curvature in the direction of the vertical axis of the surface in a region substantially halfway between the center of the surface and a horizontal end of the surface, and so that, in the region located on the horizontal axis, the horizontal radius of curvature is smaller than the vertical radius of curvature in a region near the horizontal end portion.

Abstract: The present invention is a vacuum housing for an image intensifier tube, wherein the vacuum housing is unistructurally formed from a dielectric material and retains a photocathode, microchannel plate (MCP) and anode within an evacuated environment. The vacuum housing is manufactured as a single, solid component, thereby having no seams which may leak and compromise the evacuated environment. The various electrically operative elements of the photocathode, MCP and anode engage separate metalized surfaces formed within the vacuum housing. The electrically operative elements of the photocathode, MCP and anode within the vacuum housing are empowered by coupling the various metalized regions to sources of electrical potential external for the evacuated environment.

Abstract: An imaging system such as an image recorder or scanner is provided with a rearview cathode ray tube. A transparent viewport of optical quality is provided along an optical axis of the CRT which is perpendicular to the CRT faceplate and generally centered with respect to the image area. The electron beam used for scanning the images is placed off-axis with respect to the CRT screen. A deflection control system compensates for spherical distortion and for the keystone effect that results from the off-axis placement of the electron gun. The structure of the present invention eliminates halation, thereby improving the dynamic range and contrast achievable for imaging and/or scanning purposes. The phosphor layer used in the CRT is made substantially thicker than in conventional CRTs, thereby reducing blemishes and improving uniformity, resolution and light output. The partial sharing of electron beam and optical paths enables more compact imaging and scanning systems to be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a front panel capable of accommondating a shadow-mask high-quality color cathode-ray tube. By using the panel in combination with a shadow mask employing non-deforming steel having a small coefficient of expansion, a panel which is well-balanced and easy to view is obtained. The front panel consists of a transparent glass material and has an outer surface and an inner surface formed to be curved surfaces. The radius of curvature in one direction of the curved surface forming the outer surface of the front panel is greater than the radius of curvature in a direction perpendicular to the first-mentioned direction.

Abstract: In a glass front-panel for a cathode ray tube, whose surface layer contains more potassium ions than those in the interior thereof, and whose flange is stuck to a rear panel to form a vacuum vessel, only the surface layer of the flange portion is substantially removed, or in a glass front-panel for a cathode ray tube, comprising an image displaying portion, a side wall portion and a flange portion, a belt-like electrode for making a gradient of electric potential easier is disposed on a surface of the side wall portion, so that the cathode ray tube is prevented from being damaged due to dielectric breakdown.

Abstract: A CRT bulb is constructed from a front panel having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the funnel section to which it is rigidly attached, thereby favorably stressing the bulb in the funnel-to-panel seal area resulting in a bulb with adequate evacuated strength while utilizing a thinner front panel than otherwise possible.

Abstract: A display device having a rectangular display window with a major and a minor dimension, and a deflection unit producing a scanning line raster on a display screen on the inner surface of the display window, the scan lines extending in the minor direction. The inside surface of the display window has a major radius of curvature (R.sub.cmajor), a minor radius of curvature (R.sub.cminor), a diagonal dimension (D) and an aspect ration (A), which parameters are related by the formulas 1.1<R.sub.cminor /D<2.5, also 2.5<R.sub.cmajor /D, also R.sub.cmajor >A*R.sub.cminor. The display window is thereby very flat and scanning line raster distortion is reduced so that it is easily correctible by the deflection fields produced by the deflection unit.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube has a metal funnel welded to a metal skirt. The skirt is reinforced to resist tensile stress. Reinforcement is accomplished by thickening the skirt, or corner portions thereof; by welding one or more reinforcing members to the inside or outside of the skirt; by bending the edges of the skirt and funnel and welding the bent parts together; by welding reinforcing plates to corners of the skirt and winding a tension band around the skirt; or by providing a rigid frame with compression members to press inward on the skirt.

Abstract: A CRT having a glass faceplate for forming an image display surface and a metal funnel connected to a peripheral part of the faceplate and forming a side wall. The glass faceplate has a phosphor screen coated on the inside surface and a metal film covering the phosphor screen. A high voltage of 25 KV is applied to the metal film, while the metal funnel is grounded. An insulating layer covers adjacent inside areas of the funnel and faceplate, thereby increasing the distance between the metal film and exposed surfaces of the funnel and preventing creeping discharges.

Abstract: A vacuum envelop is formed of at least a flat and rectangular faceplate 21 on which a fluorescent screen is formed, a side wall 22 extending in a direction, which is substantially perpendicular to the faceplate 21, from a peripheral portion of the faceplate, and a rearplate 23 opposing to the faceplate 21. A plurality of rod-shaped support members 31 whose top end portions are wedge-shaped are arranged between the faceplate 21 and the rearplate 23, and a ratio t/P is set to 0.05 or more where t is a thickness of the faceplate and P is an interval between adjacent support members.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube of the type having a color selection electrode arranged in front of the display screen, is characterized in that the inner surface of the screen exhibits a deviation from an arc shape along the long X axis such that, in operation, the effect of doming is reduced. Preferably, the deviation decreases as the distance to the long axis increases. In an embodiment, the inner surface also exhibits a deviation from an arc shape along the short y-axis.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising a curved substantially rectangular display window, the outside surface and/or inside surface of the display window being given by:z=f(X, Y)where each point situated off the x-axis and the y-axis complies with the formula-.sqroot.(z.sub.xx z.sub.yy)<z.sub.xy /signXY<0.wherez.sub.xx =.differential..sup.2 z/.differential.X.sup.2,z.sub.yy =.differential..sup.2 z/.differential.Y.sup.2 andz.sub.xy =.differential..sup.2 z/(.differential.X.differential.Y)signXY=+1 for X*Y>0, andsignXY=-1 for X*Y<0.An improved reflection image of linear light sources is obtained.

Abstract: In a panel for a color cathode ray tube, a faceplate is so formed as to have a substantially rectangular front view and a skirt has four corner sections. Panel pin mount bases are provided on the four corner sections of the skirt, respectively and four panel pins are fixed to the mount base, respectively.

Abstract: A faceplate for a tension mask CRT has a plurality of metallic inlays embedded in the glass of an inner surface of the faceplate. The inlays have a surface substantially coplanar with the faceplate inner surface for receiving and securing thereto a tension mask frame.

Abstract: A CRT funnel, especially useful for CRTs having flat face panels, has concave diagonal walls sections to reduce discontinuity stresses between the face panel and funnel in the evacuated CRT envelope, thereby increasing the CRT pressure strength.

Abstract: An annulus attached adjacent the edge planes of a CRT front panel provides screen area savings, and in the preferred embodiment, panel protection, strengthening, and anti-implosion properties. The annulus is preferably composed of a plurality of sections and incorporates a shadow mask support. The annulus is attached to the front panel before receiving the shadow mask becomes a part of the CRT envelope. In a preferred embodiment, the annulus is composed of ceramic and is x-ray shielded by an application of lead-based frit.

Abstract: A glass pressure vessel for a cathode ray tube comprising a concave glass and a rectangular glass back-plate to be bound to the concave glass with glass Frit, satisfies the following inequalities,1000 W/(Lt.sub.2).gtoreq.2.8t.sub.1 .gtoreq.0.8 t.sub.2where t.sub.1 (mm) is the thickness of the concave glass, L (mm) and t.sub.2 (mm) are the length of the short side and the thickness of the back-plate, respectively, and W (mm) is a bond width in which the flange portion of the concave glass and the back-plate are bonded together.

Abstract: A CRT bulb with a flat front surface is utilized to provide a video display device having a planar front surface. The display device thus provided is easy to clean, easy to mount flush with planar surfaces, and requires no separate bezel over the display area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shadow-mask type color cathode-ray tube comprising a faceplate having a curved inner surface which prevents degrouping and a substantially flat outer surface. In this color cathode-ray tube, the resolution is not deteriorated in the peripheral portion and an inespensive flat material is usable as a glass plate provided with a reflection reducing coating or a touch panel attached to the outer surface of the faceplate. Since a shadow mask supported with a tension applied thereto is usable, the positional deviation of the apertures due to the expansion of the shadow mask during operation is prevented.

Abstract: An image display such as a cathode ray tube or flat panel display has an envelope with an external surface and an interior or otherwise non-external surface. Encapsulated indicia may be located on an external surface, or in the preferred embodiment, on an internal surface readable from the external surface. The indicia, being encapsulated on the interior surface, are safe from degradation, thus allowing for easy formation of the indicia by simple printing means which utilize fluid inks.

Abstract: The applications of the CRT proposed by the present invention include televisions and computer terminals, and the object of the present invention is to increase electrical security of the CRT. The CRT has a metal part 8 forming a vacuum glass container in order to reduce the weight of the CRT. A stud pin 12 made of an insulating material is on the inner surface of the metal part and fixes the shadow mask. The metal part 8 is joined between an edge of the panel screen 2a and an edge of the funnel 4, and forms a part of the vacuum container where the highest stress is applied. The stud pin 12 is fixed to the inner surface of the metal part 8 and fixes the shadow mask 10 by sealing to a plate spring 13 welded to the edge of the shadow mask 10. Since the stud pin 12 is insulating, it electrically separates the metal part 8 from the high voltage shadow mask 10. The stud pin 12 has a constriction or a multistage fin, and around the stud pin shielding material 16 made of a metal mesh or a metal plate is placed.

Abstract: Device for projecting television pictures by means of an assembly of three television picture tubes with associated lens systems arranged in each other's proximity, including an integrated cooling system. The integrated cooling system has a liquid circuit comprising a first duct extending below the television picture tubes, which duct is in direct communication via passages with the lower ends of the flow spaces, and a second duct extending above the television picture tubes, which duct is in direct communication via passages with the upper ends of the flow spaces. The first and the second duct are connected via at least one connection duct which extends along an end the assembly constituted by the three television picture tubes.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrically insulating viewing windows in an image intensifier tube is disclosed. The mechanical parts which are located close to the window are electrically insulated with the metal parts being held at a high voltage and electrically insulated on the outside of the image intensifier by an insulating screen. The insulating screen includes electrically conductive layer 36 and an insulating layer 37 which separates the metal parts 20, 26 from the conductive layer. The conductive layer also forms an equipotential layer which is opposite the metal parts and thereby "freezes" the distribution of the electrical lines of force in the insulating screen 35.

Abstract: In a cathode ray tube panel, contour lines of uniform thickness are continuous, closed loops without discontinuities at the periphery of the screen providing a natural picture throughout the panel. Hence, a distorted picture rarely occurs at the periphery of the panel.

Abstract: A shadow mask type color cathode ray tube which has a face panel whose screen face is flattened to more than two times the flatness of the conventional flat panels without reducing the resistance of the glass bulb to outside pressure in spite of its relatively thin glass wall, and has an enhanced reflection characteristic of incident light as well as improved local doming characteristics.

Abstract: A color CRT assembly comprises a tube having an external magnetic deflection yoke thereon. The tube includes an evacuated envelope with a substantially rectangular faceplate panel and a tubular neck connected by a funnel having a rectangular open end sealed to the faceplate panel. A three color phosphor screen is carried on an inner surface of the faceplate panel and a color selection electrode is mounted in spaced relation therefrom. An electronic gun is disposed within the neck of the tube for generating and directing at least one electron beam to the screen. The magnetic deflection yoke is located on the tube, in the region of the funnel-to-neck junction of the envelope, for subjecting the beam to magnetic fields which cause the beam to scan a rectangular raster over the screen. The assembly is improved by the inclusion, in the funnel, of a quantity of glass which attenuates x-radiation from the tube. The quantity of glass is disposed adjacent to the yoke, on the faceplate side thereof.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising a rectangular display window whose thickness increases from the center of the display window along the long and the short axes. The thickness D (x) of the display window along the long axis (x) is defined by:D(x)=D.sub.O +.DELTA.(x);the thickness D(y) of the display window along the short axis (y) is defined by:D(y)=D.sub.O +.DELTA.(y);where D.sub.O is the thickness at the center of the window, and .DELTA.(y) is larger than 1.5.DELTA.(x). The display window thus formed combines a large strength with a relatively low weight. The invention is of particular importance in cathode ray tubes having a length: width ratio which is larger than 4:3, for example 16:9, and in large (.gtoreq.28 inch) tubes.

Abstract: A means for attaining a predetermined CRT front panel configuration is disclosed as being particularly suitable for use with tensioned-mask CRTs having mask support means affixed to the front panel. A ceramic rail or the like is affixed to the front panel in opposition to the mask support to produce panel deformation forces counteracting those produced by the mask supports. In one embodiment, the panel is deformed more than is ultimately desired and the deformation structures are then ground to produce the desired panel configuration. Repeatability of screen curvature is thereby attained, allowing for interchangeable shadow mask and screen construction of the CRT.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling a cathode ray tube in a projection television receiver including a lens assembly for focusing images formed by the cathode ray tube. A cooling chamber is arranged in front of the cathode ray tube and behind the lens assembly in thermal contact with the face of the cathode ray tube through which the images are projected. This cooling chamber is then filled with an optically clear substantially waterless liquid consisting of an isoparaffinic solvent which is distributed under the trademark ISOPAR V.