Abstract: An OLED display substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a display device are provided. The OLED display substrate includes a TFT array layer, a first electrode, a pixel definition layer, an OEL layer and a second electrode arranged on a base substrate. The pixel definition layer is configured to define a plurality of subpixel regions. A reflection structure surrounds each subpixel region and is capable of reflecting light beams from the OEL layer and beyond an escaping cone in such a manner as to enable at least parts of the light beams to enter the escaping cone.

Abstract: An AMOLED display device and an array substrate thereof are disclosed. The array substrate of the AMOLED display device includes a baseplate, a surface-shaped power line, a point-shaped power line, and a plurality of insulating layers arranged between the surface-shaped power line and the point-shaped power line. The surface-shaped power line and the point-shaped power line are configured to provide a positive polarity power source to a light-emitting diode. The surface-shaped power line is formed on the baseplate, and the point-shaped power line is formed on the plurality of insulating layers. The surface-shaped power line and the point-shaped power line are electrically connected to each other through a via hole.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic light emitting device and a method of fabricating the same. The method of fabricating an organic light emitting device comprises forming a flexible substrate, and forming an organic light emitting layer on the flexible substrate. The forming the flexible substrate comprises, forming a first polymer pattern on a first metal layer, forming a second metal layer on an exposed portion of the first metal layer through the first polymer pattern, forming a gas barrier layer on the first polymer pattern and the second metal layer, forming a second polymer layer on the gas barrier layer, and removing the first metal layer to expose a surface of the first polymer pattern and a surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing ceramic glass, including sapphire glass, for use in display covers in smartphones, computers, and watches, as well as for use as substrates on which semiconductor films can be deposited for a wide range of electronic applications, including solar cells, LEDs, and FETs.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes a substrate, a first insulating layer, a extension of a drain electrode, a second insulating layer, a first electrode, an emission layer, and a second electrode. The substrate has a display region and a transparent region. The first insulating layer is disposed on the substrate. The extension of drain electrode is disposed on the first insulating layer. The second insulating layer is disposed on the extension of a drain electrode such that an edge portion of the extension of a drain electrode is free from overlap with the second insulating layer. The first electrode is disposed on the second insulating layer and in contact with the edge portion of the extension of a drain electrode. The emission layer is disposed on the first electrode. The second electrode is disposed on the emission layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel. An OLED display panel includes a plurality of signal lines and a thin film transistor formed on a substrate, an interlayer insulating layer, a first electrode, a bank, an organic light-emitting layer, a second electrode, a first passivation layer, an organic layer, a second passivation layer and a barrier film, wherein the bank is formed to completely cover the interlayer insulating layer, and an inclination formed by side surfaces of the bank and the interlayer insulating layer is made to be gradual.

Abstract: The invention describes a lamp (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) comprising a glass envelope (10) enclosing a light generating means (11), and an axially and/or circumferentially graded absorption coating (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) applied to a surface of the glass envelope (10), wherein the graded absorption coating (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) exhibits a smooth transition in a transition region (23A, 23C, 23D) from a first coated region (21 A, 21B, 21C, 21D) on the glass envelope (10) to a second coated region (22A, 22B, 22C, 22D) on the glass envelope (10). The invention further describes a lighting assembly (4) comprising a lamp according to any of claims 1 to 11 and a reflector (40) for collecting and shaping any light passing through the graded absorption coating (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) of the lamp (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D).

Abstract: A display module includes a substrate, a plurality of light emitting elements provided on the substrate, a bank provided on the substrate at a position separated by a predetermined distance from an outer circumferential edge of a display region on which the plurality of light emitting elements are arranged, the bank being configured to enclose at least a part of the outer circumferential edge of the display region, and an outer circumference protection part provided on the bank and on an outer circumferential region of the bank, the outer circumference protection part being formed of a resin material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a white OLED display device and a packaging method thereof. The white OLED display device includes: a glass cover plate, a color filter layer coated on the glass cover plate, a transparent protective layer covering the color filter layer, a hydrophobic layer self-assembled on the transparent protective layer, a desiccant layer disposed on the hydrophobic layer, and a TFT substrate disposed with a white OLED layer. The color filter layer, the transparent protective layer, the hydrophobic layer and the desiccant layer are sandwiched between the glass cover plate and the TFT substrate disposed with the white OLED layer. The white OLED display device provided by the invention disposes the hydrophobic layer on the transparent protective layer, which can avoid the occurrence of mura caused by uneven distribution of desiccant.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus that is bendable. The display apparatus includes: a substrate including a display region that includes a plurality of light-emitting devices and an edge region that surrounds the display region; and a thin-film encapsulation layer on the display region and the edge region of the substrate. The thin-film encapsulation layer includes a plurality of inorganic films and at least one organic film disposed between the plurality of the inorganic films. At least one of the plurality of the inorganic films of the thin-film encapsulation layer includes inorganic patterns.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light source for generating light having a spectral emittance in at least a part of the range of 380 nm to 680 nm. The light has a spectral power distribution E(?) as a function of the wave-length ? over a first range of 600 nm<=?<=680 nm, a second range of 505 nm<=?<=600 nm, and a third range of 380 nm<=?<=505 nm. A first ratio of the integral power distribution over said first range to that of a range of 380 nm<=?<=680 nm is given by the relation: Formula (I) wherein 0.65<=Pl<=0.95, A second ratio of the integral power distribution over said second range to that of a range of 380 nm<=?<=680 nm is given by the relation: Formula (II) wherein Pm>=0.08, A third ratio of the integral power distribution over said third range to that of a range of 380 nm<=?<=680 nm is given by the relation: Formula (III) wherein Ps>=0.03 or Ps>=0.015 if Pl>=0.

Abstract: A display panel, ensuring high photo-detection accuracy in a region near a frame area, is provided. The display panel includes: image display elements disposed in an effective display area of a display screen; a light-shielding layer disposed in a frame area around the effective display area; and photo-detection elements disposed in the effective display area or in both of the effective display area and the frame area. The photo-detection elements detect the invisible light. The light-shielding layer transmits invisible light, while shields visible light.

Abstract: A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel displaying an image, a window positioned on the display panel and protecting the display panel, and a protection film attached under the display panel and reflecting light transmitted from the outside. The protection film may comprise a first base layer, a metal layer positioned on the first base layer, and, optionally, a second base layer formed on the metal layer. The base layers may be formed of an organic polymer, and the metal layer may be formed of a metal that imparts light reflectivity. A method for manufacturing such a display device is also presented.

Abstract: A method for providing, on a carrier (40), an insulative spacer layer (26) which is patterned such that a cavity (27) is formed which enables connection of an optical semiconductor element (41) to the intended conductor structure (22) when placed inside the cavity (27). The cavity (27) is formed such that it, through its shape, extension and/or depth, accurately defines a location of an optical element (45; 61) in relation to the optical semiconductor element (41). Through the provision of such a patterned insulative spacer layer, compact and cost-efficient optical semiconductor devices can be mass-produced based on such a carrier without the need for prolonged development or acquisition of new and expensive manufacturing equipment.

Abstract: A discharge tube includes a reflective film formed on an outer periphery of a cylindrical glass bulb by metal deposition. The reflective film is deposited in a range of 240° or more in the circumferential direction, and the range being larger in a center part than at each end in the axial direction. A stroboscopic device is equipped with this discharge tube.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device is disclosed. The fluorescent display device includes an anode plate, aluminum anode wirings arranged on the anode plate, a first light shielding aluminum film arranged on the anode plate, an insulation layer arranged on both the anode wiring and the first light shielding film, a second light shielding graphite film arranged on the insulation layer, an anode electrode arranged on the insulation layer, and an outer light source display formed by removing a portion of the first light shielding film. The outer light source display is illuminated by a LED to display a predetermined pattern. The second light shielding film is formed along a wiring array arranged on the first light shielding film and the wiring so that a gap between the first light shielding film and the wirings is covered with the second light shielding film.

Abstract: An inner coupling tubular type electrodeless lamp comprises a glass bulb, an amalgam, and a power coupler. The glass bulb includes an external portion and an inner portion. A gas discharging cavity that is annularly airtight is defined by an envelopment of the external portion and the inner portion. A coupling cavity is defined in the inner portion. The power coupler includes a radiating post, a ferrite core, and a winding sequentially situating from an interior to an exterior thereof. The power coupler is disposed in the coupling cavity. Two ends of the coupling cavity are intercommunicated with each other as well as the exterior. The external portion of the glass bulb adopts the elongated tube. Wherein, a length of the ferrite core of the power coupler is not smaller than a half length of the coupling cavity. A length of the winding is measured from one-fifth to four-fifth of the length of the coupling cavity to evenly distribute an electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A scattered photon extraction light fixture includes an optic element having a first surface; a light source for emitting short wavelength radiation, the light source disposed opposite, perpendicular, or tangential to the first surface of the optic element; a wavelength-conversion material, disposed on the first surface of the optic element, for receiving and down converting at least some of the short wavelength radiation emitted by the light source and transferring a portion of the received and down converted radiation; and one or more reflectors positioned opposite the wavelength-conversion material. A scattered photon extraction light system includes a plurality of light emitting fixtures. One or more wavelength-conversion materials, in the embodiments of the present invention, are disposed remotely from the light source(s), and used to absorb radiation in one spectral region and emit radiation in another spectral region.

Abstract: The inner surfaces of fluorescent lamp tubing are provided with a phosphor coating. The phosphor coating defines an inward-facing surface. A protective coating is deposited on the inward-facing surface of the phosphor coating. The protective coating defines an innermost surface and makes effective recombination of Hg ions possible on the innermost surface of the second coating before the Hg ions collide with the phosphor particles in the phosphor coating.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a glass bulb and a reflective film formed in a region having an angle of at least 230° on an outer peripheral surface of the glass bulb. The light emitting device can obtain the reflective film having a sufficient film thickness in a wide region on an outer peripheral surface of an electric discharge tube and has a uniform light intensity distribution.

Abstract: A plasma display device is provided. The plasma display device includes a plasma display panel (PDP) which includes an upper substrate on which a plurality of black matrices are formed; and an external light shielding sheet which is disposed at a front of the PDP and includes a base unit and a plurality of pattern units that are formed on the base unit and that have a lower refractive index than the base unit. A distance between a pair of adjacent black matrices is 4-12 times greater than a distance between a pair of adjacent pattern units. Therefore, it is possible for a plasma display device to effectively realize black images and enhance bright room contrast with the aid of an external light shielding sheet which is disposed at a front of a PDP and which absorbs and shields as much external light incident upon the PDP as possible.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel family of oxycarbidonitride phosphor compositions and light emitting devices incorporating the same. Within the sextant system of M—Al—Si—O—N—C—Ln and quintuplet system of M—Si—O—N—C—Ln (M=alkaline earth element, Ln=rare earth element), the phosphors are composed of either one single crystalline phase or two crystalline phases with high chemical and thermal stability. In certain embodiments, the disclosed phosphor of silicon oxycarbidonitrides emits green light at wavelength between 530-550 nm. In further embodiments, the disclosed phosphor compositions emit blue-green to yellow light in a wavelength range of 450-650 nm under near-UV and blue light excitation.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a substrate; a color filter layer that is formed above the substrate; a first electrode that is formed between the substrate and the color filter layer; a second electrode that is formed to face the first electrode; and an organic light-emitting layer that is formed between the first and second electrodes. The color filter layer includes first and second sub-filter layers that are formed in a region overlapping the first electrode, when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and transmit a first color. The first and second sub-filter layers are formed of the same material and the first and second sub-filter layers are laminated.

Abstract: PDP (1) includes front plate (2) and rear plate (10). Front plate (2) has protective layer (9). Rear plate (10) has phosphor layers (15). Protective layer (9) includes a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide. In X-ray diffraction analysis, a peak of a base layer lies between a first peak of the first metal oxide and a second peak of the second metal oxide. The first and second metal oxides are two selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. A peak desorption temperature of CO2 gas from protective layer (9) is less than 480° C.

Abstract: This compact fluorescent lamp includes a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube formed of glass and enclosing a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas. A ballast circuit is connected to the electrodes disposed at each end of a continuous arc path for controlling the current in the tube. A substantially spherical portion of an outer envelope encloses the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion encloses the ballast circuit. The end portion of the outer envelope is closed and sealed by a seal formed of the same material as the material of the outer envelope. In the associated method of manufacture, the envelope is separated by cutting along a circumferential line into an upper part and a lower part, the ballast circuit introduced into the lower part and respective lead-in wires and the lead-out wires are short and need not be insulated. The ballast circuit and the discharge tube arrangement are held and supported in the outer envelope by the connecting wires and fixing means.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge arc lamp comprises an arc tube, a metal halide in the arc tube, and a coating on the arc tube. The coating comprises a UV absorbent material.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a light-transmissive envelope, a fill-gas composition capable of sustaining a discharge sealed inside the light-transmissive envelope, and a phosphor composition at least partially disposed on an interior surface of the light-transmissive envelope. The phosphor composition is disposed on an interior surface of the light-transmissive envelope in a plurality of layers that include at least a basecoat phosphor layer and a topcoat phosphor layer. The basecoat phosphor layer includes at least one halophosphor and the topcoat phosphor layer includes a blend of at least two rare earth phosphors. The basecoat phosphor layer has a greater Color Rendering Index (CRI) value than the topcoat phosphor layer.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a light-transmissive glass halogen filament tube with a filament light source having a coil concentricity ratio of not greater than 20% disposed therein, the filament tube having a multi-layer optical interference coating deposited on the outer surface thereof that transmits visible radiation from about 400-750 nm and reflects infra red radiation from about 800-2500 nm back to the filament for re-absorption, the coated filament tube exhibiting an LPW gain of at least 26%.

Abstract: The inner surfaces of fluorescent lamp tubing are provided with a phosphor coating. The phosphor coating defines an inward-facing surface. A protective coating is deposited on the inward-facing surface of the phosphor coating. The protective coating defines an innermost surface and makes effective recombination of Hg ions possible on the innermost surface of the second coating before the Hg ions collide with the phosphor particles in the phosphor coating.

Abstract: To provide a plasma display device whereby it is possible to improve the image quality and at the same time to reduce warpage of a thin cover glass plate having a large area. A plasma display device 10 is provided which comprises a plasma display panel 20 provided with glass substrates 21, 22, and a cover glass plate 30 bonded to the display side of the plasma display panel 20, wherein the cover glass plate 30 has a diagonal length of at least 81 cm and a thickness of at most 1.5 mm, and the average thermal expansion coefficient of the cover glass plate 30 is from 80 to 120% of the average thermal expansion coefficient of the glass substrates 21, 22 within a range of from 50 to 350° C.

Abstract: An energy saving gas discharge lamp, and method of making same, is provided. The gas discharge lamp includes a light-transmissive envelope, and an electrode within the light-transmissive envelope to provide a discharge. A light scattering reflective layer is disposed on an inner surface of the light-transmissive envelope. A phosphor layer is coated on the light scattering reflective layer. A discharge-sustaining gaseous mixture is retained inside the light-transmissive envelope. The discharge-sustaining gaseous mixture includes more than 80% xenon, by volume, at a low pressure.

Abstract: PDP (1) includes front plate (2) and rear plate (10). Front plate (2) has protective layer (9). Rear plate (10) has phosphor layers (15). Protective layer (9) includes protective layer magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, and exhibits three peaks in a range from not less than 340 eV to not greater than 355 eV of a binding energy spectrum in a binding energy analysis of protective layer (9) by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method for image projection on a screen, including providing an image to be projected on the screen, determining excitation light representing the image, and illuminating with the excitation light at least one light excitable layer disposed on the screen, wherein the light excitable layer is configured to be stimulated for the emission of visible light based on the excitation light.

Abstract: PDP includes front plate and rear plate. Front plate has protective layer. Rear plate has phosphor layers. Protective layer includes a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide. In X-ray diffraction analysis, a peak of a base layer lies between a first peak of the first metal oxide and a second peak of the second metal oxide. The first and second metal oxides are two selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. An arithmetic average roughness “Ra” of the surface of a dielectric layer is not more than 50 nm.

Abstract: PDP (1) includes front plate (2) and rear plate (10). Front plate (2) has protective layer (9). Rear plate (10) has phosphor layers (15). Protective layer (9) includes a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide. In X-ray diffraction analysis, a peak of a base layer lies between a first peak of the first metal oxide and a second peak of the second metal oxide. The first and second metal oxides are two selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. The concentration of calcium contained in the base layer ranges from not less than 1 atomic % to not greater than 5 atomic %. In X-ray diffraction analysis, the metal oxide exhibits one peak that lies between the minimum and the maximum of diffraction angles of single substances of the selected metal oxides in a specific plane direction (111).

Abstract: PDP (1) includes front plate (2) and rear plate (10). Front plate (2) has protective layer (9). Rear plate (10) has phosphor layers (15). Protective layer (9) includes a base layer. On the base layer, aggregated particles are dispersed and disposed. The underlying layer includes a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide. In X-ray diffraction analysis, a peak of the base layer lies between a first peak of the first metal oxide and a second peak of the second metal oxide. The first and second metal oxides are two selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. The base layer further contains sodium and potassium.

Abstract: PDP (1) includes front plate (2) and rear plate (10). Front plate (2) has protective layer (9). Rear plate (10) has phosphor layers (15). Protective layer (9) includes protective layer magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, and exhibits three peaks in a range from not less than 340 eV to not greater than 355 eV of a binding energy spectrum in a binding energy analysis of protective layer (9) by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.

Abstract: PDP (1) includes front plate (2) and rear plate (10). Front plate (2) has protective layer (9). Rear plate (10) has phosphor layers (15). Protective layer (9) includes a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide. In X-ray diffraction analysis, a peak of a base layer lies between a first peak of the first metal oxide and a second peak of the second metal oxide. The first and second metal oxides are two selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. A peak desorption temperature of CO2 gas from protective layer (9) is less than 480° C.

Abstract: A plasma display has a protective layer (9) including a base layer (91) over which aggregate particles (92) each including an aggregate of a plurality of magnesium oxide crystal particles (92a) and metal oxide particles (93) are scattered. The metal oxide particles (93) contain at least two metal oxides selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and barium oxide. X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal oxide particles (93) shows a diffraction peak of a specific crystal plane between a diffraction peak of the specific crystal plane of one of the two metal oxides and a diffraction peak of the specific crystal plane of another one of the two metal oxides.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp may include a pair of hot cathode electrodes at both its ends, wherein a phosphor is formed in a laminated manner on the inner surface of a glass tube and a protection film is formed between the glass tube and the phosphor, wherein a residual impure gas in the lamp, including the amount occluded by the phosphor and the protection film, is set to 0.5% or less with the sealed rare gas partial pressure ratio, and wherein the following relationship is fulfilled: GHg=A×CL, A=0.0032-0.163 [mg/cc], wherein the amount of sealed mercury is GHg [mg], the lamp internal volume is CL [cc], and the coefficient is A [mg/cc].

Abstract: Embodiments of a lighting apparatus comprise a barrier coating with multiple layers. Each layer comprises metal oxide particles such as gamma alumina particles and alpha alumina particles. In one embodiment, the barrier coating comprises a first layer that reduces mercury depletion and a second layer that improves opacity.

Abstract: A mercury-free high-pressure gas discharge lamp (HID [high intensity discharge] lamp) is described which is provided for use in automotive technology. To achieve improved lamp characteristics, in particular a substantially equal luminous efficacy in comparison with lamps of the same power and a mercury-free gas filling, as well as a highest possible burning voltage, the discharge vessel (1) is provided in its wall regions (10) which are lowermost in the operational position with a coating (15) which reflects at least a portion of the infrared radiation generated during operation, such that the temperature of the coldest spots, and in particular of the light-generating substances collected there, is raised, with the result that the light-generating substances can enter the gas phase in sufficient quantities also without mercury, and in particular with the use of a metal halide as a voltage-gradient generator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are solid state illumination systems which provide improved color quality and/or color contrast. The systems provide total light having delta chroma values for each of the fifteen color samples of the color quality scale that are preselected to provide enhanced color contrast relative to an incandescent or blackbody light source, in accordance with specified values which depend on color temperature. Illumination systems provided herein may comprise one or more organic electroluminescent element, or they may comprise a plurality of inorganic light emitting diodes, wherein at least two inorganic light emitting diodes have different color emission bands. Methods for the manufacture of illumination systems having improved color quality and/or color contrast are also provided.

Abstract: A method for making a metal-titania pulp and photocatalyst is provided, including firstly acidically hydrolyzing a titanium alkoxide solution in presence of an alcohol solvent to get a colloidal solution; then, adding at least one metal salt solution into the colloidal solution to produce a nano-porous metal/titania photocatalyst under appropriate conditions by appropriate reaction. The nano-porous metal/titania photocatalyst thus prepared has excellent optical activity and is applicable in research of water decomposition with light to improve production efficiency of hydrogen energy. In addition, the photocatalyst is further processed in the form of powder or film to facilitate industrial application in wastewater treatment.

Abstract: An airtight multi-layer array type LED is disclosed, which comprises a metal substrate with an airtight metal frame formed thereon, and the metal substrate is integrally formed with the airtight metal frame, and an airtight sealing frame slot is formed around the upper surface of the airtight metal frame, the airtight metal frame is installed with two sets of sealing through hole pairs accommodating the lead frames. The interior of the airtight metal frame can be installed with packaging materials or optical components. The sealing holes are sealed with a glass or ceramic material. A fluorescent layer is formed on a silica gel layer, wherein the fluorescent layer can also be installed inside a silica glass package cover. The silica glass package cover is installed on the top surface of the airtight metal frame, and the silica glass package cover is engaged and sealed to a sealing rack.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are optical interference multilayer coatings employing a high refractive index material comprising a NbTaZr oxide. Such coatings provide enhanced retention of favorable optical and physical properties at high temperatures. Also disclosed herein are lamps comprising a light-transmissive envelope, at least a portion of the surface of the light-transmissive envelope being provided with the optical interference multilayer coating noted above. Such coatings, when used on lamps, may advantageously offer improved energy efficiencies for such lamps.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device is disclosed. The fluorescent display device includes an anode plate, aluminum anode wirings arranged on the anode plate, a first light shielding aluminum film arranged on the anode plate, an insulation layer arranged on both the anode wiring and the first light shielding film, a second light shielding graphite film arranged on the insulation layer, an anode electrode arranged on the insulation layer, and an outer light source display formed by removing a portion of the first light shielding film. The outer light source display is illuminated by a LED to display a predetermined pattern. The second light shielding film is formed along a wiring array arranged on the first light shielding film and the wiring so that a gap between the first light shielding film and the wirings is covered with the second light shielding film.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device and a method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. In one embodiment, the OLED device includes a substrate; a display unit formed on a display area of the substrate; and an encapsulating film covering i) the display unit and ii) a non-display area surrounding the display area, wherein the density and thickness of the encapsulating film increase in a direction from a center portion of the encapsulating film to an edge portion of the encapsulating film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display apparatus comprising a panel assembly including a plurality of light-emitting cells divided into a light-emitting region and a non light-emitting region surrounding the light-emitting region, as viewed from a viewer, and a display filter disposed on the panel assembly and including an external light-shielding layer, the external light-shielding layer having light-shielding patterns formed on a side of the external light-shielding layer, wherein an area of the light-emitting region occupies about 60% or more of a total area of the plurality of light-emitting cells, and wherein a bias angle formed by an advancing direction of the light-shielding pattern and a longitudinal side of the panel assembly is about 5 degrees or less. The external light-shielding layer is applied to the display apparatus, thereby effectively preventing the moiré phenomenon from being occurred.

Abstract: A surface light source apparatus with dual-side emitting light includes at least a cathode wire structure, a transparent anode structure, a fluorescent layer and a low-pressure gas layer. The transparent anode structure is a surface structure, wherein the cathode wire structure and the transparent anode structure are parallel to each other. The fluorescent layer is located between the cathode wire structure and the transparent anode structure. The low-pressure gas layer fills the space between the cathode wire structure and the transparent anode structure and functions to induce the cathode evenly emitting electrons. The electron mean free path of the low-pressure gas layer allows at least a sufficient number of electrons to directly impact the fluorescent layer under an operation voltage.