Abstract: A light emitting device includes a plurality of semiconductor laser elements, a frame part, a light-reflective member, a plurality of wires, and first and second protective elements. The frame part has a pair of first inner lateral surfaces and a second inner surface. The light-reflective member is configured to reflect laser light traveling from at least one of the plurality of semiconductor laser elements toward one of the first inner lateral surfaces of the frame part. The wires electrically connect the semiconductor laser elements respectively to an upper surface of the frame part. The first and second protective elements are disposed on the upper surface of the frame part in an area of the upper surface along the second inner surface. At least one of the wires is bonded on an area of the upper surface between the first and second protective elements.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate on which at least one light source is disposed; a display plate disposed to face the substrate; a tubular panel that surrounds and holds a periphery of the substrate and a periphery of the display plate; and a lens disposed between the substrate and the display plate and guides light emitted from the at least one light source; wherein the tubular panel has at least one rib protruding from an inner peripheral surface thereof, and the lens has at least one slide groove in which the at least one rib is movable forward and backward when the lens is assembled into the tubular panel and has at least one claw portion disposed adjacent to the at least one slide groove, and the at least one claw portion is positioned between the at least one rib and the display plate in an assembled state.

Abstract: A touch sensor includes a display panel that includes a plurality of pixel electrodes each provided in a corresponding one of a plurality of pixels, and a common electrode shared by the plurality of pixels. The touch sensor also includes a touch panel that detects a position of at least either a finger or a pen. The display panel and the touch panel are superimposed on each other in a vertical direction. The common electrode includes a conductor-area-reduction portion that reduces an area of the common electrode.

Abstract: Provided are an organic light-emitting device having improved luminescent efficiency and a compound.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to a sub-pixel. The sub-pixel includes an anode, overhang structures, separation structures, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) material, and a cathode. The anode is defined by adjacent first pixel isolation structures (PIS) and adjacent second PIS. The overhang structures are disposed on the first PIS. The overhang structures include a second structure disposed over the first structure and an intermediate structure disposed between the second structure and the first structure. A bottom surface of the second structure extends laterally past an upper surface of the first structure. The first structure is disposed over the first PIS. Separation structures are disposed over the second PIS. The OLED material is disposed over the anode and an upper surface of the separation structures. The cathode disposed over the OLED material and an upper surface of the separation structures.

Abstract: A pixel circuit includes a capacitor, a light emitting control transistors, a driving transistor, and multiple light emitting transistors. The light emitting control transistor includes a gate electrode coupled to a light emitting control signal, a source electrode coupled to a supply voltage, and a drain electrode. The driving transistor includes a gate electrode coupled to the capacitor, a source electrode coupled to the drain electrode of the light emitting control transistor, and a drain electrode. Each light emitting transistor includes a gate electrode coupled to a respective light emitting signal, a source electrode coupled to the drain electrode of the driving transistor, and a drain electrode coupled to a respective light emitting element. Each light emitting signal turns on the respective light emitting transistor during a respective light emitting period within a frame period to cause the respective light emitting element to emit a light.

Abstract: There is provided a pixel array including a plurality of sub-pixels, which include first sub-pixels, second sub-pixels, and third sub-pixels. The first and third sub-pixels are alternately arranged along a row direction and form a plurality of first pixel rows, the first and third sub-pixels, which are in a same column, in the plurality of first pixel rows are alternately arranged, and the second sub-pixels are arranged along the row direction and form second pixel rows. Lines sequentially connecting centers of any two of the first sub-pixels and any two of the third sub-pixels, which are arranged in an array, together form a first virtual quadrilateral, and one of the second sub-pixels is in each first virtual quadrilateral. At least one interior angle of the first virtual quadrilateral is not 90°. At least one of the first, second and third sub-pixels has a corner circularly or rectilinearly chamfered.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a circuit board and a plurality of pixels arranged on the circuit board, in which at least one of the pixels includes a first light emitting device and a second light emitting device spaced apart from each other in a lateral direction, the first light emitting device includes a first LED stack configured to generate light having a first peak wavelength; and the second light emitting device includes a second LED stack configured to generate light having a second peak wavelength, and a third LED stack disposed on the second LED stack and configured to generate light having a third peak wavelength.

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound capable of improving the luminous efficiency, stability and life span of a device, an organic electric element using the same, and an electronic device thereof.

Abstract: In a display device including a pixel arranged therein, the pixel including a light emitting unit in which an anode electrode is formed in the uppermost layer of a multilayer wiring structure formed by alternately stacking a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of wiring layers, and a capacitor element electrically connected to the anode electrode of the light emitting unit, or in an electronic device including the display device, the capacitor element including a first electrode formed in a wiring layer below the anode electrode, a second electrode formed opposite to the first electrode, and attached to the anode electrode of the light emitting unit via a conductive rib, and a first insulating layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting display device in which an optical compensation layer for compensating for an optical distance in each of subpixels configured to emit light with different colors is provided together with formation of a thin film transistor array so as to decrease a driving voltage value required to drive an organic stack and to improve processibility.

Abstract: Described are light emitting diode (LED) devices comprising a plurality of mesas defining pixels, each of the mesas comprising semiconductor layers, an N-contact material in a space between each of the plurality of mesas, a dielectric material which insulates sidewalls of the P-type layer and the active region from the metal. A current spreading layer is on the P-type layer, the current spreading layer having a first portion and a second portion; a hard mask layer above the second portion of the current spreading layer, the hard mask layer comprising sidewalls defining a hard mask opening; a liner layer conformally-deposited in the hard mask opening above the first portion of the current spreading layer and on the sidewalls of the hard mask layer; a P-metal material plug on the liner layer; a passivation layer on the hard mask layer; and an under bump metallization layer on the passivation layer.

Abstract: A light emitting device including a bulb having a side surface, a board elongated longer in a first direction than in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a plurality of light emitting elements mounted on the board. Each of the plurality of light emitting elements has an upper surface and a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, where the lower surface is mounted on the board. The device includes a plurality of sets of metal plates and leads electrically connected to the plurality of light emitting elements, and a wavelength conversion member covering the light emitting elements and a portion of each of the metal plates. The board, the light emitting elements, the sets of metal plates and leads, and the wavelength conversion member are disposed in the bulb. The upper surface of each of the light emitting elements faces the side surface of the bulb.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator and a liquid-crystal module are provided. The spatial light modulator includes a first liquid-crystal module and a second liquid-crystal module that are arranged opposite to each other. The first liquid-crystal module includes a first array substrate, a first color filter substrate, and a plurality of first spacers disposed therebetween. The second liquid-crystal module includes a second array substrate, a second color filter substrate, and a plurality of second spacers disposed therebetween. The first array substrate, the first color filter substrate, the second color filter substrate, and the second array substrate are stacked sequentially. At least one first spacer forms a first overlapped unit, and at least one second spacer forms a second overlapped unit. An orthographic projection of the first overlapped unit on the first array substrate fully overlaps an orthographic projection of the second overlapped unit on the first array substrate.

Abstract: A display screen and an electronic device are disclosed. The display screen has a first display region and a second display region. The display screen includes an anode layer, a pixel defining layer disposed on the anode layer, a number of isolation pillars disposed on the pixel defining layer, and a driving layer group. The pixel defining layer and the isolation pillars form a sub-pixel isolation structure, and the isolation pillars, the pixel defining layer, the driving layer group, and the anode layer are disposed in the first display region and the second display region. The second display region has a vacant region corresponding to a region forming the isolation pillar and without the isolation pillar formed therein, and the pixel defining layer is provided with an opening under the vacant region.

Abstract: A light box having a front part and a rear part. The front part, a printable, translucent, and rollable front plastics plate, forms a front side with a perimeter edge. The front part has a peripheral first connecting strip fixed on the front plastics plate to extend at least substantially along the entire perimeter edge of the front plastics plate. The rear part has a rollable rear plastics plate forming the rear side with a perimeter edge. The rear part has a peripheral second connecting strip fixed on the rear plastics plate to extend at least substantially along the entire perimeter edge of the rear plastics plate. At least one electrical light-emitting unit is arranged on an inside of the rear plastics plate opposite the rear side. The front part is fixed in front of the rear part by the first and second connecting strips.

Abstract: A display device includes a transistor disposed on a substrate and including a gate electrode, a channel region, a source region, and a drain region; a first insulating layer disposed on the transistor; a drain electrode that electrically contacts the drain region through an opening formed in the first insulating layer; a connection electrode disposed on the drain electrode and electrically contacting the drain electrode; a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer, an upper surface of the second insulating layer and an upper surface of the connection electrode forming a flat surface that is parallel to the substrate; a pixel electrode disposed on the flat surface and electrically contacting an upper surface of the connection electrode; an emission layer disposed on the pixel electrode; and a common electrode disposed on the emission layer.

Abstract: A display device and electronic device are disclosed. In one example, a display device includes a pixel array portion including pixels arrayed in a matrix having a row direction and a column direction. The pixels each respectively including a light emission unit. A fixed potential line surrounds the pixel array portion in a frame portion outside the pixel array portion, and a pixel portion auxiliary cable is arranged to extend across the pixel array portion. The pixel portion auxiliary cable is interlayer connected to the fixed potential line at a location in the frame portion outside the pixel array portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pixel arrangement structure, a metal mask, and a display device, and in the pixel arrangement structure, each repeating element includes four sub-pixels of three sub-pixel types distributed in two columns, and at least two of the sub-pixels comprise two sub-pixel components respectively.

Abstract: A display panel is provided, including a substrate and an organic light-emitting component disposed on the substrate. The display panel further includes a planarization layer and an insulation layer disposed on the planarization layer. An anode of the organic light-emitting component is disposed on the planarization layer. The insulation layer is disposed on the planarization layer and configured to cover the planarization layer, and the anode of the organic light-emitting component is exposed through the insulation layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for a display panel and a method of manufacturing the display panel. The systems and methods may provide for a substrate having a first surface and a second surface that face each other, a display unit including an organic light-emitting device arranged on the first surface of the substrate; and a thin-film encapsulation layer arranged on the display unit to shield the display unit, wherein an edge of the first surface or an edge of the second surface are inclined with respect to the first surface or the second surface. The inclined surfaces are designed to prevent damage to the display due to fine cracks during the manufacturing process as the display panel is trimmed or cut from a single base member. A display panel having improved strength characteristics may be manufactured, as well.

Abstract: An electrostatic protection circuit and a manufacturing method thereof, an array substrate, and a display device are provided. The electrostatic protection circuit includes: at least one first transistor and at least one second transistor. A gate electrode and a first electrode of the first transistor are connected to a first signal line, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to a second signal line. A gate electrode and a first electrode of the second transistor are connected to the second signal line, and a second electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first signal line.

Abstract: A wiring substrate comprises a first substrate, a second substrate which includes a frame body located on the outer circumferential edge of the first substrate, at least two connecting parts connected to the inner circumferential part of the frame body, and a support body connecting the two connecting parts to each other, and a third substrate located on a surface of the second substrate opposite the first substrate. The support body includes a direction changing part between the two connecting parts and does not include an annular structure where the direction changing part is included on the circumference.

Abstract: An electrical connection structure includes a substrate, a mating layer on the substrate, a connecting pad on the mating layer, an insulating layer on the mating layer and covering the connecting pad, a connecting line on the insulating layer, and a covering layer on the insulating layer and covering the connecting line. The connecting line extends through the insulating layer to electrically couple to the connecting pad. Both the connecting pad and the connecting line are made of metal or alloy. The mating layer includes yttrium oxide films and silicon oxide films alternating with each other.

Abstract: A display device includes a TFT substrate including a flattening layer on a surface, a sealing film including a resin film that is an ink-jet resin film, and a first bank that surrounds the flattening layer, is covered with the resin film on an inner side, and has a frame shape. The flattening layer includes, on an entire periphery of a circumferential end portion thereof, a recessed and protruding portion provided with recesses and protrusions having sizes different on a first side and a second side in a plan view.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel including a substrate, and an organic light emitting element; an ultraviolet ray blocking part on a rear surface of the substrate of the display panel; a rear protection layer on a rear surface of the ultraviolet ray blocking part, and having an opening; and a sensor in the opening of the rear protection layer. The ultraviolet ray blocking part includes polyester.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an organic light-emitting diode display substrate and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method includes: sequentially forming a first electrode, a light-emitting layer and a second electrode on a base substrate; forming a protection layer having a first opening on a side of the second electrode distal to the base substrate; and forming a second opening in the second electrode, the second opening being located below the first opening. In the present disclosure, with the protection layer, only a portion of the second electrode below the first opening is removed, so that other portions of the second electrode are prevented from being damaged, thereby eliminating a poor display of the display device.

Abstract: A touch display panel and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes: forming touch lines, an insulating layer and first electrodes above a substrate, the insulating layer covers the touch lines and is provided with at least one through-hole, the first electrodes are at a side of the insulating layer distal from the touch lines; forming barrier walls in each through-hole, and at a predetermined position in an interval between the first electrodes; forming a light emitting layer and a second electrode layer at a side of the light emitting layer distal from the substrate; removing the barrier walls, portions of the light emitting layer and the second electrode layer above the barrier walls, remaining portions of the second electrode layer form touch electrodes; forming an electrical conductive structure in each through-hole for coupling one touch line to one touch electrode.

Abstract: A multi-piece substrate integrally having a plurality of product regions each provided with a light-emitting element driven by a current and a blank region adjacent to each of the plurality of product regions is prepared. The current is passed through a cathode pad and an anode pad to inspect the light-emitting element. A plurality of display panels are cut out from the multi-piece substrate so as to respectively correspond to the plurality of product regions. The multi-piece substrate includes a plurality of first test pads disposed in each of the plurality of product regions for inspecting the light-emitting element, and a plurality of second test pads disposed in the blank region for inspecting the light-emitting element. The cathode pad and the anode pad are included in the plurality of first test pads and are not included in the plurality of second test pads.

Abstract: An optoelectronic semiconductor chip and a method for producing an optoelectronic semiconductor chip are disclosed. In an embodiment, a chip includes a semiconductor body comprising a plurality of emission regions, first and second contact points, a rewiring structure and first and second connection points, wherein each emission region is contacted via the first and second contact points and configured to be operated separately from one another, wherein the rewiring structure electrically conductively connects each first contact point to an associated first connection point, wherein the rewiring structure electrically conductively connects every second contact point to an associated second connection point, wherein at least one of the connection points does not overlap with a contact point which is electrically conductively connected to this connection point in a vertical direction, and wherein each first connection point is disposed laterally directly adjacent to a further first connection point.

Abstract: An integrated light engine including flexible optics and a flexible light source, and lighting devices including the same, are provided. The integrated light engine includes a flexible light source configured to emit light, and flexible optics coupled to the flexible light source. The flexible optics beam shapes light emitted by the flexible light source. The integrated light engine is capable of entering a set of states, such that a portion of beam shaped light emitted by the integrated light engine in a first state is aimed in a first direction and a portion of beam shaped light emitted by the integrated light engine in a second state is aimed in a second direction. Different combinations of the flexible optics with the flexible light source result in the integrated light engine being able to enter a number of flexed states or being held in a substantially flat, substantially stiff state.

Abstract: A transparent display device for providing only a viewer located at the front with an image is disclosed. The transparent display device comprises a substrate provided with a first subpixel, a second subpixel and a third subpixel, a first electrode provided in each of the first subpixel, the second subpixel and the third subpixel on the substrate, a light emitting layer provided on the first electrode, a second electrode provided on the light emitting layer, an upper color filter provided over the second electrode, a lower color conversion layer provided between the substrate and the first electrode, and a lower color filter provided between the substrate and the lower color conversion layer.

Abstract: A lighting module disclosed in an embodiment comprises: a plurality of light emitting devices on a substrate; and a reflector arranged in the direction of emission of light from each light emitting device on the substrate. The light emitting device has a light exit surface, and the reflector has a reflecting surface concave toward the substrate, at least a portion of the reflecting surface corresponding to the light exit surface of the light emitting device. The reflecting surface is arranged at a height that increases gradually in proportion to the interval from the light emitting device arranged in the light incident direction. The reflecting surface comprises a plurality of convex portions arranged in a first direction and first bridge portions that connect between the plurality of convex portions. The first bridge portions are arranged along the convex portions and are arranged to be lower than a straight line that connect high points of adjacent convex portions.

Abstract: An encapsulation structure of an organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate, a first inorganic sealing layer and an organic sealing layer. The first inorganic sealing layer is stacked on the substrate, and the organic sealing layer is stacked on a side of the first inorganic sealing layer that is away from the substrate. The organic sealing layer includes a UV light absorbing material and/or a UV resistant polymer material. An encapsulation method of the encapsulation structure of an organic electroluminescent device and a display panel including the encapsulation structure are further provided.

Abstract: The present application relates to a display panel, a display screen and a display terminal. The display panel comprises a substrate provided with pixel circuits thereon; a pixel-defining layer; a light-emitting structure layer; a first electrode layer disposed on the pixel circuits and comprising a plurality of first electrodes; a second electrode disposed on the light emitting structure layer and being a surface electrode; and a scanning line and a data line both connected to each of the pixel circuits; wherein, sub-pixels in adjacent sub-pixel rows are staggered with one another and/or sub-pixels in adjacent sub-pixel columns are staggered with one another; the scanning line supplies a voltage to the pixel circuit to control turning-on and turning-off of the pixel circuit, and when the pixel circuit is turned on, a drive current from the data line is directly supplied to the first electrode to control light-emitting of the corresponding sub-pixel.

Abstract: A display unit is provided with a plurality of pixels. The plurality of pixels each include a first electrode, an insulating film, an organic layer, and a second electrode. The insulating film is provided on the first electrode, and has openings. The organic layer is provided in each of the openings of the insulating film, and includes a light-emitting layer. The second electrode is provided on the organic layer. The first electrode includes a plurality of sub-electrodes that are provided to face the respective openings of the insulating film.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a color-controllable LED luminescent lamp. By adopting a mini-LED chip with a small size to form an LED light source, the number of LED light sources that can be accommodated by a lamp shade is increased, so that the whole LED luminescent lamp can exhibit more types of colors and realize a free exhibiting and switching of multiple colors.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display and illuminating device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. Layers of light-emitting devices of an electroluminescent display and an electroluminescent illuminator are assembled, and the two devices share an electrode in a middle of a laminated structure, thereby realizing a display function on one side of the device and realizing a illumination function on the other side of the device, so that a shape design of a product can be more flexible.

Abstract: Provided is an alloy member including a substrate made of magnesium-lithium alloy with a sum of content of magnesium and content of lithium of 90 mass % or more and a coating film disposed on the substrate. The coating film contains fluorine and oxygen, with a fluorine content of more than 50 atom % and an oxygen content of less than 5 atom %.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate and pixels disposed on the substrate. Each of the pixels includes sub-pixels. The substrate has an intermediate region and a peripheral region, where the peripheral region is located between an edge of the substrate and the intermediate region. The pixels include standard pixels disposed in the intermediate region and peripheral pixels disposed in the peripheral region. A color displayed by a sub-pixel of a standard pixel and a color displayed by a sub-pixel of a peripheral pixel are the same, and a distance between a second transistor of the sub-pixel of the standard pixel and a pad of the sub-pixel of the standard pixel is not equal to a distance between a second transistor of the sub-pixel of the peripheral pixel and a pad of the sub-pixel of the peripheral pixel.

Abstract: A display device may include a substrate, an organic light emitting layer overlapping the substrate and including an opening, and a holed insulating layer positioned between the substrate and the organic light emitting layer. The holed insulating layer may include a first through hole, a first groove, and a first undercut. A position of the opening may overlap a position of the first groove. The first groove may surround the first through hole in a plan view of the display device. The first undercut may surround the first groove in the plan view of the display device.

Abstract: A display panel and a method of producing the display panel are disclosed. A pixel unit and an auxiliary power supply unit are disposed at a portion of the display panel corresponding to the display sub-areas, the auxiliary power supply unit is configured to supply a power to a cathode layer so that an voltage of each of the display sub-areas applied by the cathode layer is equal to or substantially equal to each other. The cathode layer has a first cathode and a second cathode. The auxiliary power supply unit has a power line and an auxiliary power supply electrode. The display panel has an improved display quality in this disclosure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter provide a device having a substrate, at least one organic light-emitting layer disposed over the substrate, and at least one down-conversion layer. The at least one down-conversion layer may generate the NIR emission by absorbing at least a portion of the light emitted by the at least one organic light emitting layer, and re-emitting light at a longer NIR wavelength or range of wavelengths having a peak NIR emission that may be greater than 700 nm, greater than 750 nm, or greater than 800 nm. An out-of-plane optical density of the at least one down-conversion layer may be less than 0.1 for all wavelengths of light in a range from 400 nm to 600 nm.

Abstract: A multimodal light-emitting OLED microcavity device, comprising: an opaque substrate; a layer with a reflective surface over the substrate; a first electrode over the reflective surface; organic layers for light-emission including a second blue light-emitting layer closer to the reflective surface and a first blue light-emitting layer further from the reflective layer than the second blue light-emitting layer, where the distance between the midpoints of the second and first blue-light emitting layers is L1, and at least one non-blue light-emitting layer; a semi-transparent second electrode with an innermost surface through which light is emitted; wherein the distance L0 between the reflective surface and the innermost surface of the semi-transparent second electrode is constant over the entire light-emitting area; and the ratio L1/L0 is in the range of 0.30-0.40. The multimodal microcavity OLED has increased blue emission and is particularly useful for use as the light source in a microdisplay.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pixel arrangement structure, a metal mask, and a display device, and in the pixel arrangement structure, each repeating element includes four sub-pixels distributed in two rows by two columns, where the four sub-pixels include two first sub-pixels in different rows and different columns, and one second sub-pixel and one third sub-pixel in different rows and different columns. While an image is being displayed, any one first sub-pixel together with one second sub-pixel adjacent thereto and one third sub-pixel adjacent thereto can constitute a light-emitting pixel, so that the image can be displayed at a high resolution using a physical low resolution through borrowing between the sub-pixels.

Abstract: A display device can include a plurality of sub-pixels including light emitting portions and circuit portions, and being configured to receive signals through vertical lines extending in a first direction and horizontal lines extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; transistors disposed in the circuit portions; an overcoat layer covering the transistors; first electrodes disposed on the overcoat layer, each of the first electrodes being electrically connected to a corresponding light emitting portion among the light emitting portions and at least one of the transistors; a bank layer disposed on the first electrodes and including openings exposing the first electrodes; an open hole disposed in a region between two adjacent first electrodes among the first electrodes and penetrating through the bank layer; an organic compound layer disposed on the first electrodes; and a second electrode disposed on the organic compound layer and extending to an area inside of the open hole, in which th

Abstract: A display device and a method of manufacturing the display device are disclosed. In one aspect, the display device includes a substrate including a display region and a peripheral region. A first block member is in the peripheral region and surrounding display structures, the first block member having a first height. A second block member is spaced apart from the first block member in a first direction extending from the display region to the peripheral region, the second block member surrounding the first block member, the second block member having a second height that is greater than the first height. A first encapsulation layer is over the display structures, the first block member, and the second block member. A second encapsulation layer is over the first encapsulation layer, the second encapsulation layer overlapping at least a portion of the first block member in the depth dimension of the display device.

Abstract: A display panel includes pixels arranged in an array in a first direction and a second direction. Each pixel includes a first sub-pixel having a first light-emitting zone to emit light of a first color, a second sub-pixel having a second light-emitting zone to emit light of a second color, and a third sub-pixel having a third light-emitting zone to emit light of a third color. The first, second, and third light-emitting zones are arranged in a triangle such that the first, second, and third light-emitting zones cover respective vertices of the triangle, with one side of the triangle being substantially parallel to the first direction. Any two pixels directly adjacent in the first direction have respective patterns of first, second, and third light-emitting zones, which are substantially mirror-symmetrical to each other. Any two diagonally adjacent pixels have a substantially repeating pattern of first, second and third light-emitting zones.

Abstract: An LED lighting apparatus is disclosed. The LED lighting apparatus includes a substrate having a first surface; at least one connection body formed by LED chips arranged side by side in a first direction over the first surface of the substrate; and a circular protruding portion, arranged over the first surface of the substrate, surrounding the plurality of LED chips. The LED lighting apparatus further includes a first wiring pattern, arranged over the first surface of the substrate; and a second wiring pattern, arranged over the first surface of the substrate and spaced apart from the first wiring pattern.

Abstract: Provided is an optical head that includes a base substrate and a line head. The line head includes a plurality of sub-line heads electrically independent of one another and arranged on the base substrate in parallel with a first direction. Each of the plurality of sub-line heads includes a circuit substrate unit that constitutes a portion of the base substrate, and an optical-element array that includes a plurality of optical elements each arranged on the circuit substrate unit at least in parallel with a second direction that is a direction of a length of each of the plurality of sub-line heads.