Abstract: The invention relates to an optically-controlled field-emission cathode, comprising a substrate (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100) having at least one conducting surface (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101) and at least one conducting emitter element (16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76, 86, 96, 106) in the vicinity of a conducting surface, characterized in that it also comprises at least one photoconducting element (13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93, 103) electrically connected in series between at least one emitter element and a conducting surface of the substrate. Another subject of the invention is an amplifier tube comprising such a cathode. The application is for Vacuum tubes, in particular for microwave amplification, with a view for example to applications in telecommunications.

Abstract: A multifunction module for an electron beam column comprises upper and lower electrodes, and a central ring electrode. The upper and lower electrodes have multipoles and are capable of deflecting, or correcting an aberration of, an electron beam passing through the electrodes. A voltage can be applied to the central ring electrode independently of the voltages applied to the upper and lower electrodes to focus the electron beam on a substrate.

Abstract: When light is incident to an antenna layer AA6 of a photocathode AA1, light of a specific wavelength included in the incident light couples with surface plasmons in the antenna layer AA6 whereupon near-field light is outputted from a through hole AA14. The intensity of the output near-field light is proportional to and greater than the intensity of the light of the specific wavelength. The output near-field light has a wavelength that can be absorbed in a photoelectric conversion layer AA4. The photoelectric conversion layer AA4 receives the near-field light outputted from the through hole AA14. A region of the photoelectric conversion layer AA4 around the through hole AA14 absorbs the near-field light and generates photoelectrons (e?) in an amount according to the intensity of the near-field light. The photoelectrons (e?) generated in the photoelectric conversion layer AA4 are outputted to the outside.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for a field emitter image sensor device are disclosed. A field emitter image sensor device includes a substrate operably coupled to a ground voltage. The substrate includes a first surface configured for sensing light incident thereto and a second surface comprising a plurality of emitter tips configured to emit electrons. The field emitter image sensor device further includes a plurality of anodes opposite the plurality of emitter tips and configured to receive the emitted electron charges. Furthers the field emitter image sensor device comprises a plurality of charge integrators configured to output the electron charges on the anodes to a pixel array, wherein each charge integrator is operably coupled to one anode of the plurality.

Abstract: An electron beam column comprises a thermal field emission electron source to generate an electron beam, an electron beam blanker, a beam shaping module, and electron beam optics comprising a plurality of electron beam lenses. In one version, the optical parameters of the electron beam blanker, beam shaping module, and electron beam optics are set to achieve an acceptance semi-angle ? of from about ¼ to about 3 mrads, where the acceptance semi-angle ? is half the angle subtended by the electron beam at the writing plane. The beam-shaping module can also operate as a single lens using upper and lower projection lenses. A multifunction module for an electron beam column is also described.

Abstract: A first conductive film is formed on a wiring pattern area on a plate by dropping liquid drops. A second conductive film which is electrically separated from the first conductive film is formed by discharging liquid drops outside of the wiring pattern area on the plate.

Abstract: An electro-optic device is disclosed which has a plurality of independently-gatable portions. One example is an image intensifier having a number of segmented photocathode areas (GP). The corresponding portions of the intensifier can be energized independently via contact stripe (CS). Used in conjunction with an appropriate trigger signal generator, imaging device and beam splitter, the device may be used to capture a series of images at very high speed. An electrical device having a reflective tunnel for generating a plurality of input images is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for compensating for fluctuations in the light which is emitted by a light source and propogates along a light path. The device has a first light-sensitive sensor. The sensor detects the intensity of the light at a first location along the light path in a spatially resolved manner and generates electrical image signals. Furthermore, a second light-sensitive sensor is provided, which detects the intensity of the light at a second location along the light path and generates electrical output signals.

Abstract: An electron beam lithography system has an electron gun including at least one laser that is operable in a first mode to generate electrons for lithography. The electron beam lithography system is operable in a second mode to regenerate the photocathode of the electron gun by application of the laser. The photocathode includes a layer of cesium telluride.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a nanotube assembly having a plurality of nanotubes arranged in an array. An optical excitation device is provided adjacent to the nanotube assembly. The optical excitation device includes a diffraction grating and a piezoelectric crystal disposed adjacent to the diffraction grating. A radiation source generates a write beam incident to the piezoelectric crystal, a read beam incident to the diffraction grating, and an erase beam incident to the diffraction grating. When voltage is applied to the piezoelectric crystal, the write beam scans across the diffraction grating and forms a grating pattern in the diffraction grating. The read beam reads the grating pattern as a holographic image on the at least one nanotube. The erase beam erases the grating pattern.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a nanotube assembly having a plurality of nanotubes arranged in an array. An optical excitation device is provided adjacent to the nanotube assembly. The optical excitation device includes a diffraction grating and a piezoelectric crystal disposed adjacent to the diffraction grating. A radiation source generates a write beam incident to the piezoelectric crystal, a read beam incident to the diffraction grating, and an erase beam incident to the diffraction grating. When voltage is applied to the piezoelectric crystal, the write beam scans across the diffraction grating and forms a grating pattern in the diffraction grating. The read beam reads the grating pattern as a holographic image on the at least one nanotube. The erase beam erases the grating pattern.

Abstract: A photocathode having a gate electrode so that modulation of the resulting electron beam is accomplished independently of the laser beam. The photocathode includes a transparent substrate, a photoemitter, and an electrically separate gate electrode surrounding an emission region of the photoemitter. The electron beam emission from the emission region is modulated by voltages supplied to the gate electrode. In addition, the gate electrode may have multiple segments that are capable of shaping the electron beam in response to voltages supplied individually to each of the multiple segments.

Abstract: A photocathode having a gate electrode so that modulation of the resulting electron beam is accomplished independently of the laser beam. The photocathode includes a transparent substrate, a photoemitter, and an electrically separate gate electrode surrounding an emission region of the photoemitter. The electron beam emission from the emission region is modulated by voltages supplied to the gate electrode. In addition, the gate electrode may have multiple segments that are capable of shaping the electron beam in response to voltages supplied individually to each of the multiple segments.

Abstract: A flat panel image sensor is provided by combining the photoconductive imaging electrode of a vidicon with a two dimensional array of cold cathode field emitters commonly used for flat panel Field Emission Display (FED) systems. The FED operates normally to emit electrons which are accelerated in prior art displays towards a luminescent phosphor to generate light output proportional to the cathode emission. Rather than accelerating towards a phosphor, electrons, in accordance with the principles of this invention, are accelerated towards a photoconductor layer to replace charge removed from the layer by an incident radiation pattern directed at the photoconductor layer through a layer of transparant, electrically-conducting material which serves as a radiation window. A large area, low cost, small, flat panel sensor is realized.

Abstract: There is disclosed a photocathode comprising:a photoelectric conversion layer for internally exciting photoelectrons in response to incident photons; a semiconductor layer having a photoelectron emission surface for emitting the photoelectrons generated and accelerated in the photoelectric conversion layer from the photoelectron emission surface; an upper surface electrode formed on the photoelectron emission surface of the semiconductor layer; and a lower surface electrode formed on the semiconductor layer so that the lower surface electrode is opposite to the upper surface electrode through the semiconductor layer, the upper surface electrode being divided so as to provide a plurality of pixel electrodes which are electrically insulated from each other, the plurality of pixel electrodes being respectively connected to a plurarity of bias application wires.

Abstract: A cold cathode field emission device employs photon energy and electric field induced electron emission enhancement to provide subthreshold photoelectric emission; and, alternatively, photon-enhanced cold cathode field emission.

Abstract: A charged particle control apparatus provides very high voltage particle beams. One or more photocell arrays provide bias voltages for beam accelerating stages. The arrays are made from a number of microfabricated photocells connected in series to produce a voltage output that is the sum of the voltages from the individual cells. Arrays of each stage are connected in series to produce a cumulative stage voltage that is applied to an accelerating electrode made part of the stage.These accelerating stages are disposed within a transparent vacuum chamber and are spaced from a charged particle source stage disposed near one end of the chamber. This charged particle source stage includes an emission source such as a photocathode. The photo arrays of the accelerating stages are connected in series to produce a potential that is applied to the particle source stage.Optical power illuminates the stages to generate desired voltage biases to the accelerating electrodes.

Abstract: An electron tube having an evacuated envelope includes therein an insulating substrate with a photoemissive cathode thereon. The cathode comprises a plurality of discrete substantially isolated photoemissive regions. A plurality of spaced apart conductive strips are disposed on the substrate and interconnect each of the photoemissive regions.