Abstract: A material for an organic EL element showing high light emission efficiency and high color purity of the emission light, an organic EL element, a lighting device and a displaying device each using the material.

Abstract: A charged-particle beam lens includes a plate-like anode, a plate-like cathode, and an insulator disposed between the anode and the cathode. The insulator, the anode, and the cathode have a passage portion through which a charged beam is passed. A high-resistance film is formed on an inner side of the insulator, the inner side forming the passage portion, or an outermost side of insulator, and the anode and the cathode are electrically connected together via the high-resistance film. The anode and the high-resistance film, and the cathode and the high-resistance film each contain the same metal or semiconductor element and have different resistant values. This suppresses electric field concentration due to an increase in resistance and poor connection at the interface between the anode and the cathode and the high-resistance film or at the interface between the electroconductive film and the high-resistance film, thus suppressing generation of discharge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds of the formulae (1) to (6) and to organic electroluminescent devices, in particular blue-emitting devices, in which these compounds are used as host material or dopant in the emitting layer and/or as hole-transport material and/or as electron-transport material.

Abstract: The present invention is a light-emitting device material characterized by containing a pyrene compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 to R10 are specific functional groups, provided that at least one of the R1 to R10 is a substituent represented by the following general formula (2): wherein R11 to R14 are specific functional groups, provided that any one of the R11 to R14 is used for a single bond with a pyrene skeleton; X1 is a group represented by the following general formula (3): wherein R15 is a specific functional group; and Y1 to Y4 is selected from among a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom, provided that at least one of the Y1 to Y4 is a nitrogen atom and at least one thereof is a carbon atom, and no substituents exist on the nitrogen atom in the case of the nitrogen atom. This material provides a light-emitting device having high luminous efficiency and excellent durability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photomultiplier having a fine structure capable of realizing high detection accuracy by effectively suppressing cross talk among electron-multiplier channels. The photomultiplier comprises a housing whose inside is maintained vacuum, and, in the housing, a photocathode, an electron-multiplier section, and anodes are disposed. The electron-multiplier section has groove portions for cascade-multiplying photoelectrons as electron-multiplier channels, and the anodes are constituted by channel electrodes corresponding to the groove portions respectively defined by wall parts. In particular, at least parts of the respective channel electrodes are located in spaces sandwiched between pairs of wall parts defining the corresponding groove portions.

Abstract: The present invention is a light-emitting device material characterized by containing a pyrene compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 to R10 are specific functional groups, provided that at least one of the R1 to R10 is a substituent represented by the following general formula (2): wherein R11 to R14 are specific functional groups, provided that any one of the R11 to R14 is used for a single bond with a pyrene skeleton; X1 is a group represented by the following general formula (3): wherein R15 is a specific functional group; and Y1 to Y4 is selected from among a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom, provided that at least one of the Y1 to Y4 is a nitrogen atom and at least one thereof is a carbon atom, and no substituents exist on the nitrogen atom in the case of the nitrogen atom. This material provides a light-emitting device having high luminous efficiency and excellent durability.

Abstract: A glass container has a faceplate, a side tube, and a bottom. A photocathode is formed on the inner side of the faceplate. The glass container includes a partitioning wall, a shield electrode, a first dynode, a second dynode, a dynode array, and an anode. The partitioning wall has a cross shape to divide an electron focusing space into four space segments. The shield electrode is provided to shield the second dynode from the photocathode. A Venetian blind type of dynodes is provided as the dynode array. The first dynode, the second dynode, the dynode array, and the anode are maintained at the potential which is higher than that of the photocathode. Electrons emitted from the photocathode in response to incident light thereon efficiently impinge on the dynodes regardless of where the electrons are emitted. The electrons are multiplied and then detected by the anode.

Abstract: A side tube includes a tube head, a funnel-shaped connection neck, and a tube main body, which are arranged along a tube axis and which are integrated together into the side tube. The size of a cross section of the tube head perpendicular to the tube axis is larger than the size of a cross section of the tube main body perpendicular to the tube axis. The radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube head is smaller than the radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube main body. The length of the tube head along the tube axis is shorter than the length of the tube main body along the tube axis. One surface of a faceplate is connected to the tube head. A photocathode is formed on the surface of the faceplate in its area located inside the tube head.

Abstract: An inner surface of an electron-multiplier hole (14) includes a first curved surface (19a) and a second curved surface (19b) that face each other. The first curved surface (19a) extends from an edge of an input opening (14a) in such a way as to face the input opening (14a), and is shaped like a substantially circular arc having a predetermined radius. The second curved surface (19b) extends from an edge of an output opening (14b) in such a way as to face the output opening (14b), and is shaped like a substantially circular arc having a predetermined radius.

Abstract: An electron sensing device includes a cathode for providing a source of electrons, and an anode disposed opposite to the cathode for receiving electrons emitted from the cathode. The anode includes a textured surface for reducing halo in the output signal of the electron sensing device. The textured surface may include either pits or inverted pyramids.

Abstract: A side tube includes a tube head, a funnel-shaped connection neck, and a tube main body, which are arranged along a tube axis and which are integrated together into the side tube. The size of a cross section of the tube head perpendicular to the tube axis is larger than the size of a cross section of the tube main body perpendicular to the tube axis. The radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube head is smaller than the radius of curvature of rounded corners of the tube main body. The length of the tube head along the tube axis is shorter than the length of the tube main body along the tube axis. One surface of a faceplate is connected to the tube head. A photocathode is formed on the surface of the faceplate in its area located inside the tube head.

Abstract: A photomultiplier eliminates the reflection of light off of focusing pieces in a focusing electrode and prevents the photocathode from emitting useless electrons in response to such reflected light by including an oxide film formed over the surface of each focusing piece. The oxide film is also formed on the surface of secondary electron emission pieces in the first and second stage dynodes to eliminate the reflection of light off of the secondary electron emission pieces and to prevent the photocathode from emitting useless electrons in response to such reflected light. Further, a light-absorbing glass partitioning part is provided in a light-receiving faceplate to suppress crosstalk between channels.

Abstract: A photocathode having a gate electrode so that modulation of the resulting electron beam is accomplished independently of the laser beam. The photocathode includes a transparent substrate, a photoemitter, and an electrically separate gate electrode surrounding an emission region of the photoemitter. The electron beam emission from the emission region is modulated by voltages supplied to the gate electrode. In addition, the gate electrode may have multiple segments that are capable of shaping the electron beam in response to voltages supplied individually to each of the multiple segments.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device and method for two-dimensional imaging and timing of particles or electromagnetic radiation with improved pulse-pair resolution. A detector, e.g. a michrochannel plate detector with a delay-line anode with three or more conductive members is used as exemplary embodiment for achieving these requirements. Redundant position and timing information is used for uniquely determine the timing and position of two or more particles, even if they arrive at the same time at the detector.

Abstract: According to the photomultiplier tube, the dynode unit 10 is constructed from a plurality of stages of dynodes 11 laminated one on another for multiplying incident electrons in a cascade manner through each of a plurality of channels. The anode unit 13 has a plurality of anodes 24 which define a plurality of electron passage gaps 14 each for transmitting the electrons emitted from the dynode unit 10 at a corresponding channel. The inverting dynode plate 15 is provided with a plurality of electron incident strips 17 each for receiving electrons having passed through a corresponding electron passage gap 14 in the anode unit 13, multiplying the electrons, and guiding the electrons back to the corresponding anode 24.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube of the present invention is the one which collects the electrons, which have been multiplied by the dynodes laminated into a plurality of stages in the electron multiplier section and that have subsequently been reflected at the final-stage dynode, as an output signal. The photomultiplier tube forms the final-stage dynode as multi-stage, for example, in two layers, and has its alkali metal vapor passage holes of its first layer so arranged as to have the holes shifted with respect to the alkali metal vapor passage holes of the second layer. Furthermore, each of the dynodes, except the final-stage dynode consists of the focusing mesh electrode, the coarse mesh electrode, and the spacer electrode and the reinforcing bars are formed at identical locations in the coarse mesh electrode and the spacer electrode. Secondary electron emission sections are provided in the vicinity regions of these reinforcing bars of the focusing mesh electrodes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photomultiplier for detecting the incident position of a plane of incidence, where a weak light beam is reached and to a photomultiplier having a structure for minimizing crosstalk near the incident position of the weak light beam to improve the precision of the position resolving power. Particularly, the anode of this photomultiplier, which extracts the incident position of the incident weak light as an electrical signal, is constituted by a first anode component for detecting the incident position of the incident plane in the X direction and a second anode component for detecting the incident position of the incident plane in the Y direction. The first and second anode components have flat surfaces. These flat surfaces cause the first and second anode components to capture secondary electrons emitted from a dynode in correspondence with the incident position of the weak light beam, at a position closer to the emission position.

Abstract: A scintillation camera to image subjects using high energy photons (HEP's), having a HEP collimator for passing only some of the HEP's received from the subject, a HEP detector made of a scintillating material which produces visible light photons (VLP's) when it absorbs HEP's, a VLP collimator for passing only some of the VLP's received from the HEP detector, a VLP detector employing photomultiplier tubes (PMT's) having an array of anodes disposed within anode regions that are wired such that only some of the anodes in a given column are wired to the column lead, and only some of the anodes in a given row are wired to a row lead, with the row leads and column leads of the different anode regions being individually addressable, and also employing processing circuitry to receive the electrical signals from the VLP detector and convert them to electronic representations of the subject, which are then converted into an image by a display.

Abstract: A multiple section photomultiplier tube. The tube is constructed essentially as a matrix of several independent tubes in one envelope. The photocathode of each individual section of the tube is formed into an independent surface, and the photocathode to dynode spacings are isolated by a configuration built with separator electrodes which connect to photocathode boundary dividers formed in the faceplate. The boundary dividers also isolate the independent photocathode regions. The boundary dividers can be either slots into which the separator electrodes fit or ribs with which the separator electrodes are engaged.

Abstract: A photomultiplier with plural photocathodes comprising a rectangular end face plate, plural photocathodes arranged on the end face plates at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the end face plate, plural focusing electrodes assigned to the photocathodes respectively, plural dynodes provided in common for all of the photocathodes, and plural anode electrodes assigned to the photocathodes respectively, each of the dynodes having plural electron emitting parts for emitting secondary electrons and insulating parts for preventing the secondary electrons emitted from any one of the electron emitting parts from straying into the other electron emitting parts.

Abstract: An intensified charge-coupled image sensor has a longitudinally extending optical axis. The image sensor comprises an image intensifier section and a header assembly. The image intensifier section includes an envelope having a photoemissive cathode therein for emitting photoelectrons in a pattern corresponding to the intensity of radiation incident thereon. The header assembly includes a charge-coupled device for receiving the photoelectrons from the cathode, an insulative header and a header flange attached between the insulative header and the image intensifier section. The header assembly is improved by the inclusion of an annular support flange which is coaxially disposed within the header flange. The support flange has a projection that abuts the insulative header. A charge-coupled device support assembly is eccentrically disposed within and attached to the annular support flange.

Abstract: An electron discharge device of the type including an evacuated envelope having a longitudinal axis comprises a photoemissive cathode for providing electrons in response to radiation incident thereon and a charge coupled device spaced from the cathode. A plurality of washer-like focusing electrodes are disposed between the cathode and the charge coupled device for focusing electrons therebetween. Each of the electrodes has an electron aperture of progressively decreasing diameter. The electron aperture of the electrode adjacent to the cathode is larger than the electron aperture in the electrode adjacent to the charge coupled device. The electrodes provide a substantially spherical electrostatic field lens between the photoemissive cathode and the charge coupled device.