Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a filament showing improved conversion efficiency with a simple configuration. According to the present invention, surface of a filament material processed into a predetermined shape is processed into a mirror surface by mechanical polishing, and surface roughness (center line average roughness Ra) thereof is thereby made to be 1 ?m or smaller. Reflectance of the filament can be thereby improved, and emissivity of the filament for lights of the infrared wavelength region can be suppressed.

Abstract: Techniques described herein generally relate to methods of manufacturing devices and devices including a filament having therein or coated with a catalyst and carbon nanotubes. The device may be configured to produce light with a luminary characteristic having a value higher than a value of the luminary characteristic of a device having an uncoated filament at a same operating condition. The luminary characteristic may include one or more of device irradiance or light efficiency. The filament may be a tungsten filament, and the carbon nanotubes may include multiwall carbon nanotubes or single wall carbon nanotubes. The filament may be coated with the carbon nanotubes using one or more deposition techniques including electric arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The filament may be coated with the catalyst using a method including one or more of electroless plating, electroplating, dip coating, spin coating, and radio frequency (RF) sputtering.

Abstract: A filament showing high radiation characteristics and hardly suffering from disconnection and film separation is provided by using a high melting point metal compound such as tantalum carbide. As the filament, a filament comprising a tungsten base material 30, a tantalum layer 31 coating the tungsten base material 30, and a tantalum carbide layer 32 coating the tantalum layer 31 is used. High adhesion is obtained at the interface of the layers of tungsten and tantalum by utilizing high adhesion of tungsten and tantalum.

Abstract: An electric discharge lamp has a ceramic luminous tube 5 and filled with xenon gas, a pair of electrodes 9, 10 held by the ceramic luminous tube, and a glass outer tube 6 accommodating the ceramic luminous tube and the pair of electrodes. The ceramic luminous tube includes a luminous portion 7 emitting light by electric discharge, and a pair of small diameter tube portions 8, 8 respectively connected to both end portions of the luminous portion in a longitudinal direction. Value of P/(r•t) is not less than 4.8 and not more than 32, where P (atm) is pressure of xenon gas filled into the ceramic luminous tube, r (mm) is an inner diameter of the luminous portion of the ceramic luminous tube, and t (mm) is thickness of the luminous portion of the ceramic luminous tube.

Abstract: A light source includes a base, a light-transmissive envelope coupled to the base, a composition disposed within the light-transmissive envelope, and a gas phase contained by the envelope for suppressing vaporization of the composition at operating temperatures greater than about 2000 Kelvin. The composition includes a first region and a second region and operable to suppress or reflect photons having a wavelength greater than about 700 nm and to emit or transmit photons having a wavelength between about 400 nm and about 700 nm.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a discharge valve assembly for a linear compressor, comprising: a discharge valve installed at one end of the cylinder to be opened and closed, a compression space for compressing a sucked refrigerant by linear reciprocation of a piston being formed in one end of the cylinder; a discharge cap fixedly installed at one end of the cylinder, for forming a discharge space to which the refrigerant of the compression space is discharged; a discharge valve spring installed between the discharge valve and the discharge cap, for opening and closing the discharge valve according to a refrigerant pressure; and a ring-shaped discharge valve supporter installed in the discharge cap, having at least one main protrusion directly contacting the inner circumference of the discharge cap and at least one auxiliary protrusion disposed with an interval from the inner circumference of the discharge cap being formed on the outer circumference of the discharge valve supporter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen bulb comprising two filaments that are located (21, 22) in a lamp body (10), a first filament (21) being designed for operation at a higher electrical output than the second filament (22). To fulfil a daylight driving function, the second filament (22) is designed to produce an electrical output that is lower by a factor of 2.5 to 4 than the electrical output of the first filament (21) when operating with a standard operating voltage and is designed in such a way that it can be operated with an operating voltage that is lower than the standard operating voltage in order to produce a dimmed position light function.

Abstract: To provide, in a special situation of a mercury-free lamp in which a luminance flicker tends to occur unlike a mercury-containing lamp, a metal halide lamp having an electrode structure modified so as to suppress the luminous flicker that is suitably used as an automotive headlamp, and an automotive headlamp apparatus incorporating the same. A metal halide lamp includes: a hermetic vessel 1 which is fire resistant and translucent; a pair of electrodes 3, 3 sealed in the hermetic vessel 1 with facing each other at a distant of 5 mm or less, the electrodes each having a shaft part 3a having a diameter of 0.25 mm or more and a tip 3b, which originates an arc, having a curved surface having a radius of one-half or less of the diameter of the shaft part; and a discharge medium essentially containing no mercury, sealed in the hermetic vessel 1, and containing halides of metals including a light-emitting metal in an amount of 0.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp having a tungsten filament embedded in tightly-packed layers of optically transparent, thermally insulating particles of substantially consistent size and shape and surrounded by an optically transparent, infra-red reflective coating, to provide a high efficiency, cool lighting system.

Abstract: An end of life quenching device for a vapor lamp preventing damage to the lamp and socket structure. Mica is attached to a lead wire of a filament. As an emission material on the filament is consumed and the vapor lamp reaches the end of its life, the resulting increase in voltage causes an arc. The arc may extend down the lead wire. The hydrated OH group in the mica releases hydrogen, which extinguishes the arc within the vapor lamp. Damage is thereby prevented. The mica withstands the high pressing temperatures required in the manufacture of vapor lamps with quartz envelopes and used to generate ultraviolet radiation in germicidal applications.

Abstract: A halogen incandescent lamp comprises a light-transmitting envelope filled with a gas including a halogen gas and an inert gas. A pair of inner conductive wires is arranged in the envelope. A triple-coiled filament, which has a first coiling, a second coiling, and a third coiling having about 1.5 to about 4 turns, is re-crystallized, is arranged in the envelope, and is connected between ends of the inner conductive wires. The triple-coiled filament is held by a support member. The halogen incandescent lamp may be utilized to a lighting apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to an incandescent lamp for vehicle headlights, the incandescent lamp having at least one incandescent filament and a shading apparatus for the at least one incandescent filament, which are both arranged in a lamp vessel, and having power supply lines for the at least one incandescent filament, a first power supply line being connected to the shading apparatus. The abovementioned power supply line has a bent-back end, which is connected to an outgoing filament line of the at least one incandescent filament.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp comprising a discharge vessel which is enclosed, with clearance, by an outer bulb. The outer bulb is closed at one end by a lamp cap. The lamp is provided with an ignition circuit including at least a series arrangement of a glow starter and an ohmic impedance. According to the invention, the ohmic impedance is formed by a halogen incandescent lamp.

Abstract: In a high-power dual-filament incandescent lamp for use in a reflector having an optical axis, which incandescent lamp comprises two incandescent coils which are substantially parallel to one another, which in their correct operational positions are arranged substantially parallel to the optical axis of the reflector in a lamp bulb, and which can be operated alternately, the glass bulb is arranged such that it shows a horizontal and vertical displacement relative to the optical axis of the reflector when in the correct operational position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tungsten-halogen light bulb having an arc tube with a seal portion at one end. A filament is provided in the interior of the arc tube, and a basic gas mainly comprising at least either gaseous xenon or gaseous krypton is filled in the arc tube. When V (V) denotes a rated voltage of the tungsten-halogen light bulb, P(MPa) denotes a filling pressure of the basic gas at a room temperature, and Xe vol. % and Kr vol. % respectively denote composition ratios of the gaseous xenon and of the gaseous krypton, the following formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied simultaneously, in which ‘%’ means ‘volume %’. V≧100 (Volt)  (1) P≧0.7+{0.1×(Kr%/(Kr%+Xe%))}  (2) In these formulas, Kr %+Xe %=100(%), 0≦Kr %≦100, and 0≦Xe %≦100. Accordingly, a crack at the seal portion of the arc tube is prevented and the lifetime is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bulb designed for emitting radiation through an emission surface ES of an envelope ENV which contains a radiation source ELM. According to the invention, the emission surface ES is substantially planar, while the radiation source defines a planar surface parallel to the emission surface. A bulb according to the invention is capable of emitting a homogeneous radiation towards a planar surface with a high radiation density.

Abstract: A photonically engineered incandescence is disclosed. The emitter materials and photonic crystal structure can be chosen to modify or suppress thermal radiation above a cutoff wavelength, causing the emitter to selectively emit in the visible and near-infrared portions of the spectrum. An efficient incandescent lamp is enabled thereby. A method for fabricating a three-dimensional photonic crystal of a structural material, suitable for the incandescent emitter, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is related to a reflector lamp comprising a parabolic primary reflecting section, a parabolic or spheric secondary reflecting section joined to the primary reflecting section, a parabolic or spheric tertiary reflecting section joined to the secondary reflecting section, and an incandescent or discharge light source. The secondary and tertiary reflecting sections have faceted surfaces which longitudinally extend along the surface thereof so that most (at least 50%) or substantially all the light reflected by the faceted surfaces avoids the light source and thus the light, which would be absorbed or scattered by the light source, is minimized or substantially eliminated.

Abstract: An incandescent light, which uses a rotating, liquefied filament. The rotating filament consists of a thin layer of filament metal deposited on the interior convex surface of a refractory filament mount, which is inside the torus. The filament device is designed to rotate at a speed sufficient to prevent the metal from boiling off from, or breaking away from, the refractory surface of the filament mount as it rotates. The rotational speed of the torus will create a centrifugal force greater than the thermal forces, which would otherwise destroy the molecular integrity of the filament metal. The temperature of the deposited filament metal will exceed its normal melting point as it rotates. As it becomes hotter it will luminesce more in exponential proportion to the current applied to the rotating torus filament assembly.

Abstract: An environmentally favorable method is described for treating an incandescent lamp with a heat curable substantially organic solvent free silicone composition to improve the shatter resistance of the lamp.

Abstract: An improved high pressure halogen filament lamp is disclosed. The lamp has a filament tube attached to a base, and an outer envelope encompassing the filament tube. Reductions to the gas fill pressures of the outer envelope and filament tube increase the probability that the coated outer envelope will contain the fragments of the filament tube in cases involving explosive failure of the filament tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for vacuum deposition of circuitry onto a thermoplastic material. In one of its aspects, the invention relates to a vacuum deposition of circuitry for automotive applications. In another of its aspects, the invention relates to a vehicular lamp housing incorporating a circuit placed thereon by vacuum deposition. In another of its aspects, the invention relates to a vehicular lamp housing with vacuum deposition of circuitry powering light-emitting diodes. In another of its aspects, the invention relates to a vehicular lamp housing with a vacuum deposition of circuitry powering removable incandescent lamps.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a sintered glass plate (1) through which current conductors (2) and a metal tube (3) extend. An incandescent body (4) is connected to said current conductors (2) aligned with respect to the sintered plate (1). A glass bulb (5) is present over the incandescent body (4), gastight secured to the sintered plate (1) by means of enamel (6). A water getter (20) and a heavy gas at an elevated pressure are present inside the glass bulb (5). The lamp may consume a relatively high power and may be relatively small, but nevertheless has a relatively long life.

Abstract: A halogen bulb is composed essentially of a tubular halogen bulb having two conductive ends, a thick hollow glass envelope and a socket for holding securely the tubular halogen bulb in the thick hollow glass envelope. The thick glass envelope has a thickness ranging between about 2 mm and about 8 mm, which is made integrally or made of two component parts joined together. The thick hollow glass envelope may be provided with protuberances perpendicular to an outer surface opposite to the socket, and/or ventilation holes to reduce the temperature of the double-enveloped halogen bulb at work. The socket may be provided with one or more ventilation holes at the closed end thereof. A bracket is used inside the thick hollow glass envelope for holding the tubular halogen bulb such that the tubular halogen bulb is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of socket.

Abstract: A lamp assembly comprises a incandescent lamp capable of generating light. The incandescent lamp comprises a incandescent lamp tube and at least one filament. The assembly also comprises a shroud separate from the incandescent lamp and mounted in communication with the lamp tube on an exterior of the incandescent lamp tube. The shroud also comprises a coating disposed on the reflecting section of the shroud for reflecting energy having predetermined wavelengths emitted by the incandescent lamp. The shroud comprises a reflecting section disposed about the incandescent lamp tube, where the geometry of the shroud generally conforms to the geometry of the at least one filament of the lamp, to reflect energy having predetermined wavelengths back substantially toward the incandescent lamp and focusing the reflected energy generally at the at least one filament of the incandescent lamp so as to increase the output from the assembly.

Abstract: A miniature two-pin, tungsten-halogen lamp in the shape of a cylindrical envelope formed of high temperature glass having a sealed chamber capable of withstanding internal pressures of between 5 and 20 atmospheres. The diameter of the cylindrical envelope is in the range of 0.250 to 0.313 inches and contains at least one refractory metal filament mounted within the sealed chamber. The metal filament is electrically connected to a pair of leads passing out of the envelope. A fill gas is contained within the sealed chamber and contains an inert gas major constituent and a halide gas minor constituent. The lamp produces an efficacy of up to 26 lumens per watt when operating within a range of from 1.25 to 18 watts.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating a stream of charged particles, for example for use in an electron beam welding device. The apparatus includes a charged particle source (5) such as a filament and a target (6). The charged particle source (5) is connected in series with a resonant electrical circuit and the target is connected in parallel with the circuit. The source and target (5,6) are relatively juxtaposed such that under working conditions, when the circuit is in resonance, electric current passing through the source (5) causes emission of first charged particles and the potential difference between the source (5) and the target (6) accelerates the first charged particles towards the target.

Abstract: A low wattage sub-miniature, tungsten-halogen lamp having high efficacy and long life. The lamp has a cylindrical envelope in the T-1 to T-11/4 range containing a fill gas having a halogen minor constituent and an inert gas major constituent. The lamp operates at high fill gas pressures, and lower halogen gas content.

Abstract: A halogen-filled incandescent lamp includes a curved tube enclosure made of a translucent material and enclosing a gas filling and an incandescent body made of a tungsten wire helix of circular wire cross-section. The incandescent body is arranged within the enclosure. Two inside current conductors connect the incandescent body with an energizing device. Each inside current conductor has first and second spiral members and an elongated part forming together a series assembly. The series assembly is connected via the second spiral member with the incandescent body and via the first spiral member with the energizing device. The series assembly is at least partly made of a wire having a cross-sectional area exceeding that of the tungsten wire forming the incandescent body.

Abstract: A vapor-generating electric lamp includes a sealed lamp envelop having a concave depression therein, an incandescent filament mounted within the lamp envelope, a lamp base, and a replaceable, solid insert in the concave depression. The insert produces a scent when it is warmed by heat from the filament. Preferably, the insert is a polyamide impregnated with a scent and includes a portion that matches the shape of the depression in the lamp envelope. The depression for holding the insert is preferably located at the opposite end of the lamp from the base. When the lamp is used in a base-down orientation, the insert is held in the depression by gravity.

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp having an improved coiled refractory metal filament construction is disclosed which enables the lamp to provide a more precise light source. Various lamp and coiled filament configurations are disclosed to include employment of a reflective film for improved efficiency of lamp operation while a halogen substance can also be included in the inert gas filling for this purpose. A method to manufacture the disclosed lamp improvement is also provided.

Abstract: Incandescent lamps having an improved light source are disclosed. The light source contains a halogen compound along with a fill-gas at a pressure above atmospheric. The light source has an oblate ellipsoidal shape so as to obtain a desired temperature gradient which reduces typically experienced "cold spots" that detrimentally contribute to the condensation of halogen compounds within the light source which would otherwise reduce the desired light output of the light source throughout life. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the light source.

Abstract: A tungsten halogen incandescent filament lamp is provided having a fill of inert gas and halogen. In such lamps and especially in lamps provided for studio and theatre applications having operating temperatures between 2200K and 3450K there is a tendency to arc over between the filament limbs. According to the invention this problem can be solved by adding hydrogen gas in an amount between 0.05% and 1% by pressure at 20.degree. C. This hydrogen gas is in addition to any hydrogen which is present as part of the halogen or halogens. A preferred halogen is the solid hydrogen, bromophosphonitrile (PN Br.sub.2).sub.n which introduces phosphorus as a getter into the lamp.

Abstract: A high pressure, tungsten halogen lamp wherein a predetermined quantity of a gas mixture including an inert gas (e.g., argon) and halogen compound (e.g., methyliodide) constitute the lamp's combined atmosphere. The gas mixture is flowed into the tubular member which ultimately comprises the lamp's envelope and is then cooled sufficiently to form either a pool of liquified gas or, alternatively, a frozen, solidified member. A quantity of nitrogen gas established at a predetermined atmospheric pressure is also flowed into the tubular member while a press sealing operation is accomplished to seal the member. When the lamp is then subjected to normal room temperature, the pool (or solidified member) becomes gasified to produce the elevated internal pressure, which may readily approach three atmospheres.