Abstract: High-frequency (HF) tools are used in medicine for manipulating body tissue, using an HF resectoscope. For electrical insulation of an electrode from an electrode support, the ends of the electrode are initially guided through ceramic tubes. These ceramic tubes are sensitive in particular to forces transverse to the longitudinal axis of the resectoscope. Disclosed herein is a high-frequency tool that has increased stability with respect to transverse forces. An electrode has two ends, which for establishing a connection to an electrode support are each insertable into a receiving opening of the ends of the electrode support, or positionable in front of the ends. The electrode is contacted in an electrically conductive manner, at least in the area of a receiving opening, with a conductor wire that is guided in the electrode support.

Abstract: A starting aid for discharge lamp arc tubes is characterized by an arc tube having a tubular body wall that longitudinally extends between first and second ends and surrounding an internal arc cavity with first and second electrodes that have conductive feedthroughs to electrically connect to corresponding first and second external arctube leads; an antenna conductor extending longitudinally on an outside surface of the arc tube wall between first and second antenna ends that are located radially outward of corresponding first and second electrodes; and an antenna coupling member comprising a conductive coupling connector that is electrically connected to the first arctube lead, and extends to a coupling end located on the body wall near to the first antenna end and separated from it by a coupling gap of predetermined, non-zero gap dimension.

Abstract: A solid-state laser device includes: a first water tank which houses a laser rod and a lamp and into which coolant is introduced; an outer inlet which is provided in a member forming a chamber and through which coolant is received into the chamber; and an outer outlet provided in said member and through which a coolant is discharged to the outside of the chamber. The solid-state laser device further includes: two second water tanks that house electrodes of both ends of the lamp, respectively, and communicate with the first water tank; a coolant inflow passage of which one end communicates with the outer inlet and the other end forms inner inlets opened to only the second water tanks; and a coolant outflow passage of which one end communicates with the outer outlet and the other end forms an inner outlet opened to the first water tank.

Abstract: A cathode for a discharge lamp in which an electron emitting section containing an easily electron emitting material at its end is provided that has simplified yet non-breakable structure and can reduce the manufacturing cost. A short arc discharge lamp includes an arc tube in which a cathode and an anode face each other and a xenon gas is enclosed. The cathode has an electron emitting section made from tungsten to which thorium is added as an easily electron emitting substance. The cathode also has an electrode body section made from tungsten to which no thorium is added. The electrode body section has a recess at a front end side. The electron emitting section has a circular truncated conical shape, a rear end side of the electron emitting section is received in the recess, and a front end side portion protrudes from the recess.

Abstract: The invention describes a high intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5, 5?) enclosing a fill gas in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) extending into the discharge chamber (2), and wherein the fill gas includes a halide composition comprising a halide of sodium and, optionally, scandium iodide to a total proportion of at least 30 wt %, and a halide of terbium and/or gadolinium to a proportion of at least 5 wt %.

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprises a discharge vessel 20 defining a sealed inner discharge space 22 with two electrodes 24. A filling consists of a rare gas and a metal halide composition and is free of mercury. The discharge vessel 20 comprises outer grooves 36 where the electrodes 24 are embedded, arranged at a groove distance Ra between them. The discharge vessel 20 further comprises an inner diameter ID. In operation of the lamp, an arc discharge is formed between the electrodes and the metal halide composition is partly evaporated. After operation of the lamp, the metal halide composition forms a film on the inner wall of the discharge vessel 20. This film has a surface area AS measured in mm2. The metal halide composition is provided in such an amount within the discharge space 22, that a matching quotient Q, calculated as Q=Ra×ID/AS has a value of 2 or more, such that a high colour temperature is achieved.

Abstract: A mercury-free vehicle discharge lamp is described as including a discharge space with electrodes, wherein a spherical length b, which is a length in a tube axial direction of the light emitting part is 7.5 mm to 8.5 mm and a thickness volume V of the light emitting part is 50 mm3 to 100 mm3, and wherein the following formula is satisfied: ?20?(a?35)×5.5+(x?13.5)×10 +(1.85?t)×100+(2.5?d)×100?20, a: power W supplied in a stable lighting time, x: pressure [atm] of rare gas sealed in the discharge space ranging 10˜17 atm, t: thickness [mm] of a part where a wall with maximum thickness and ranging 1.30˜1.85 mm, and d: inner diameter [mm] of a part where the wall with maximum thickness.

Abstract: A lamp having: an arc tube (30) including a main tube portion and a pair of thin tube portions (46) provided at ends of the main tube portion; and an adjacent conductor (78) including a strip-shaped metal plate. In the adjacent conductor (78), a portion of the metal plate in the direction of length thereof, from the middle of the metal plate to just before an edge thereof, is a gripping portion (92) having a shape suitable for gripping the outer circumferential of one of the thin tube portions (46). One end of the gripping portion (92) is a free end. The gripping portion (92) is disposed along an outer circumferential surface of the thin tube portion (46) so as to be in contact with the outer circumferential surface, and is elastically deformable in accordance with expansion in the radial direction of the thin tube portion (46).

Abstract: In various embodiments, a discharge lamp may include a lamp vessel that includes a discharge vessel enclosing a discharge medium and two lamp shafts each extending coaxially at opposite ends of the discharge vessel, two outer power-feed sections each extending to the outside from one of the lamp shafts, two electrodes each consisting of an electrode rod and electrode head, with the electrode rods being arranged along the lamp shafts such that the two electrode heads are located mutually opposite inside the discharge vessel, a sealed section in each of the two lamp shafts by which a gas-tight electricity passage is formed between the two outer power-feed sections on the one hand and the two electrodes on the other, a narrow section in each of the two lamp shafts that is arranged between the respective sealed section and the electrode head of the associated electrode, with the narrow section closely surrounding the electrode rod, and a damping/guiding element arranged between the narrow section of a lamp shaft

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include an elongate ceramic discharge vessel, at the ends of which an electrode system with an electrode tip pointing towards the discharge is mounted in a seal, the seal being tubular, the discharge vessel having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5, the discharge vessel having a metal halide fill and a wall load of more than 25 W/cm2, wherein the lamp is configured for operation with longitudinal acoustic modulation, the specific rated power of the entire outer surface area of the discharge vessel lying between 17 and 22 W/cm2, while at the same time the wall load in a subregion of the surface area, which extends between the tips of the electrodes, lies in the range of between 28 and 40 W/cm2.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a discharge vessel which is sealed in a gas-tight manner and in which electrodes and an ionizable fill for generating a gas discharge are enclosed, the ionizable fill being in the form of a mercury-free fill which includes xenon and halides of the metals sodium, scandium, zinc and indium, wherein the weight ratio of the halides of zinc and indium is in the range of from 20 to 100, and wherein the coldfilling pressure of xenon is in the range of from 1.3 megapascal to 1.8 megapascal.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp is comprised of an airtight tube having a discharge section in which a discharge space is formed; a discharge medium which is enclosed in the discharge space, contains metal halide exhibiting a molar ratio of sodium halide to scandium halide of 1.5 or below and 8 atm or higher of xenon but does not substantially contain mercury; and a pair of electrodes with their tip ends arranged to oppose to each other in the discharge space, wherein halogen atoms bonded to metal in the metal halide mostly consist of iodine and bromine atoms, and a ratio of the bromine atoms is in a range of 10 to 50% and the total amount of the metal halide enclosed is 0.02 mg/?l or less.

Abstract: A technique for mounting single or double ended quartz halogen or HID burner on threaded incandescent lamp base facilitating high volume production and use of existing manufacturing equipment. The pinched end portion of the burner is received in a slot formed in an end of a ceramic tubelet and secured therein and supported thereon by cementing or elastic adhesive bond material. The tubelet has its opposite end secured over a reduced diameter portion of a stem extending from the incandescent lamp base. An outer bulb of translucent or transparent material is received over the base-burner sub-assembly and the bulb secured to the base.

Abstract: The invention describes a mercury-free high intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5) enclosing a fill gas in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 4) extending into the discharge chamber (2), for which lamp (1) the fill gas in the discharge chamber (2) is free of zinc iodide, and the fill gas includes a halide composition comprising sodium iodide and scandium iodide to a combined proportion of at least 30 wt % and at most 95 wt %, and thulium iodide, to a proportion of at least 5 wt % and at most 70 wt %.

Abstract: The invention describes a mercury-free high-intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5) enclosing a filling in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) extending into the discharge chamber (2), for which lamp (1) the electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) are free of thorium, and the filling includes a halide composition comprising at least 6 wt % thorium iodide.

Abstract: A direct current discharge lamp with an anode (10) and a cathode (12) that are arranged opposite one another at a predetermined distance (r) inside a discharge vessel (14) filled with a filling gas, it being possible to apply electric power (P) to the anode (10) and the cathode (12) in order to produce a gas discharge. At least the predetermined distance (r) between the anode (10) and the cathode (12), the electric power (P) and a geometry of the anode (10) are adapted to one another in such a way that a region (22) of a surface (24) of the anode (10) facing the cathode (12) is free flowing in the heated state of the direct current discharge lamp.

Abstract: A pulsable light source for a spectroscopy instrument is provided, the light source including a xenon flash lamp having an anode and a cathode within a sealed envelope of pressurized xenon gas, the anode and the cathode being spaced so that an arc can be struck between the anode and the cathode without the use of a trigger electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp unit. The mercury-free arc tube includes a plurality of electrodes and a sealed chamber including a metal halide and a starting rare gas enclosed in the sealed chamber. A clearness index value P2·W/? is equal to or greater than about 800, where ? denotes a density (mg/cm3) of the enclosed metal halide, P denotes a pressure (atmospheres) of the enclosed starting rare gas, and W denotes a maximum input power (watts) input to the sealed chamber through the electrodes.

Abstract: The invention describes a high intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5, 5?) enclosing a fill gas in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) extending into the discharge chamber (2), and wherein the fill gas includes a halide composition comprising a halide of sodium and, optionally, scandium iodide to a total proportion of at least 30 wt %, and a halide of terbium and/or gadolinium to a proportion of at least 5 wt %.

Abstract: An extra high pressure mercury lamp that includes an arc tube, which includes a light emission section enclosing 0.2 mg/mm3 or more of mercury, sealing sections that respectively extend from both ends of the light emission section, a pair of electrodes that face each other in the light emission section, wherein an electrode axis portion of each electrode is held by the sealing portion, and a metallic foil that is buried in the sealing section and that is electrically connected with the electrode axis portion, wherein the metallic foil has a covering portion fixed to the electrode axis portion so as to roll up the electrode axis portion; an extended portion that extends towards the outside of a tube axis without being connected with the electrode axis portion; and a main body portion that extends from the extended portion.

Abstract: A mercury-free discharge lamp with an electrical power consumption of less than 35 Watts may include a translucent discharge vessel which has a discharge space into which electrodes protrude for generating a gas discharge, wherein metal halides and ignition gas are contained in the discharge space, wherein the metal halides are present in a quantity in the range from 5 milligrams to 15 milligrams per 1 milliliter of discharge space volume in the discharge space.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a discharge valve assembly for a linear compressor, comprising: a discharge valve installed at one end of the cylinder to be opened and closed, a compression space for compressing a sucked refrigerant by linear reciprocation of a piston being formed in one end of the cylinder; a discharge cap fixedly installed at one end of the cylinder, for forming a discharge space to which the refrigerant of the compression space is discharged; a discharge valve spring installed between the discharge valve and the discharge cap, for opening and closing the discharge valve according to a refrigerant pressure; and a ring-shaped discharge valve supporter installed in the discharge cap, having at least one main protrusion directly contacting the inner circumference of the discharge cap and at least one auxiliary protrusion disposed with an interval from the inner circumference of the discharge cap being formed on the outer circumference of the discharge valve supporter.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp includes at least a lamp tube and two electrodes. The two electrodes are each attached to the lamp tube by a sealed area and, outside the sealed area, each electrode has a perpendicular minimum distance, with respect to its longitudinal axis, from the lamp tube.

Abstract: A high pressure gas discharge lamp 10 is described with a discharge vessel 20. Electrodes 24 project into a discharge space 22 of a volume of 12-20 mm3. The discharge space has a filling of rare gas and a metal halide composition which is free of mercury. The metal halide composition comprises at least halides of Sodium and Scandium with a mass ratio of halides of Sodium and Scandium of 0.9-1.5. The lamp 10 further comprises an outer enclosure 18 provided around the discharge vessel 20, which is sealed and filled with a gas at a pressure below 1 bar. The lamp 10 has an efficiency equal to or greater than 90 lm/W in a steady state operation at an electrical power of 25 W.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automotive discharge lamp, comprising an inner tube (1) including a light emitting unit (11) having a first space (15) therein and seal portions formed on the light emitting unit (11), a discharge medium containing a first gas enclosed in the first space (15), a metal foil (31) sealed in the seal portions (12), electrodes (32) with one end connected to the metal foil (31) and other end extended into the first space (15), and an outer tube (5) connected to the inner tube (1) to form a second space (51) between the outer tube (5) and the inner tube (1), wherein the second space (51) has a second gas enclosed therein and the second gas contains oxygen in a concentration of 1.0 volume % or less.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a discharge vessel, which contains: electrodes, at least one noble gas as a start gas, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, In, Mg, Tl, Hg, and Zn for arc transfer and discharge vessel wall heating, and at least one rare earth halide for the generation of radiation, which is configured such that the generated light is dominated by molecular radiation, wherein at least one member of a first group of rare earth halides is used together with at least one member of a second group of rare earth halides, the first group having the property that the color distance decreases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in a predetermined power interval, and the second group having the property that the color distance increases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in this predetermined power interval.

Abstract: A light source device that irradiates a discharge vessel with a laser beam to produce radiant light that is reflected by an ellipsoidal reflecting surface efficiently utilizes the light produced by directing the laser beam through an unirradiated region where reflected light from the ellipsoidal reflector is blocked by the discharge vessel, through an opening side of the ellipsoidal reflector to the discharge vessel. The discharge vessel has an emission substance enclosed inside which is excited by the laser beam and produces radiant light, is arranged at a focal point of the ellipsoidal reflector. A planar mirror, with which radiant light reflected by the ellipsoidal reflector is reflected in a different direction has a window in an unirradiated region where reflected light from the ellipsoidal reflector is blocked by the discharge vessel through which the laser beam passes to the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a discharge vessel which is sealed in a gas-tight manner and in which electrodes and an ionizable fill for generating a gas discharge are enclosed, the ionizable fill being in the form of a mercury-free fill which includes xenon and halides of the metals sodium, scandium, zinc and indium, wherein the weight ratio of the halides of zinc and indium is in the range of from 20 to 100, and wherein the coldfilling pressure of xenon is in the range of from 1.3 megapascal to 1.8 megapascal.

Abstract: The invention describes a mercury-free high intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) with nominal power in the range of 25 W to 40 W, and in particular with nominal power of 35 W, comprising a quartz glass discharge chamber (2) enclosing a fill gas and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 4) arranged at opposing ends of the discharge chamber (2) and extending into the discharge chamber (2), for which lamp (1) the capacity of the discharge chamber (2) is greater than or equal to 17 ?l and less than or equal to 25 ?l; the inner diameter of the discharge chamber (2) is at least 2.3 mm and at most 2.5 mm; the outer diameter of the discharge chamber (2) is at least 5.95 mm and at most 6.15 mm; the thickness of the discharge chamber (2) is at least 3.45 mm and at most 3.85 mm.

Abstract: A discharge lamp disposed in a projecting device is provided. The discharge lamp includes a housing, a discharge vessel and an ultraviolet (UV) source. The discharge vessel having a first axis is filled with a gas and disposed in the housing. The ultraviolet source disposed at a predetermined distance from the first axis for exciting the gas so as to generate a beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-pressure discharge lamp includes a translucent ceramics sealed container provided with an enclosed part with a discharge space formed therein, a pair of electrodes disposed inside of both end parts of the translucent sealed container, an ionization medium having a structure containing a metal halide that primarily emits light, a starting gas and substantially no mercury, the metal halide that primarily emits light including 30% by mass or more of a halide of at least one lanthanoid type rare earth metal and the starting gas having a pressure P (atm) satisfying the equation, 1?P?20, the ionization medium being sealed in the translucent ceramics sealed container, wherein the ratio D/G satisfies the equation, 0.3?D/G?2.4 when the maximum inside diameter of the translucent ceramics sealed container is D and the inter-electrode distance is G.

Abstract: There is provided a mercury-free discharge bulb for a vehicle. The mercury-free discharge bulb includes an arc tube. The arc tube includes: a light-emitting portion which is formed of a ceramic tube and includes a light-emitting material and a starting xenon gas filled therein, wherein a filling pressure of the starting xenon gas from about 6 atm to about 18 atm; thin tube portions which are formed at respective ends of the light-emitting portion; and electrodes which are fixed inside the thin tube portions and which are provided in the light-emitting portion so as to face each other. The light-emitting material includes at least a sodium halide and a rare-earth metal halide excluding a scandium halide, and a difference between a vapor pressure of the sodium halide and a vapor pressure of the rare-earth metal halide under an environment of about 1000° C. is about 10 kPa or less.

Abstract: A description is given of a high-pressure gas discharge lamp (HID lamp) which comprises an at least essentially mercury-free discharge gas and is suitable and/or intended for use in projection displays, in particular in the form of a short-arc lamp. A lamp voltage and efficiency which are comparable to mercury lamps are essentially achieved in that the discharge gas comprises a noble gas and also zinc as a voltage gradient former and light generator, wherein the pressure of the zinc in the gas phase is preferably approximately 30 bar in the operating state of the lamp. An evaporation which is necessary to achieve this pressure is made possible by increasing in particular the lowest temperatures in the discharge vessel. Various measures are proposed for increasing the temperature.

Abstract: The arc tube is provided with a mercury-free arc tube main body that has a discharge light-emitting portion (closed glass sphere), and a cylindrical shroud glass tube that is airtightly integrated with the arc tube main body. In the mercury-free arc tube in which an inert gas is sealed in the shroud glass tube that surrounds the closed glass sphere, in the shroud glass tube, the adjustment is made so as to satisfy the light flux and the life span with respect to the pressure X (atmospheric pressure) of a rare gas sealed in the closed glass sphere, and an amount M (mg/ml) of sealed metal halide.

Abstract: A method for producing a discharge tube arrangement (1) for a lamp, and a discharge tube arrangement produced according to one such method. The arrangement has an outer piston (2) into which a discharge tube (6) is inserted, the outer piston being sealed to the discharge tube and defining a gas-tight intermediate region (12) therewith, for receiving a gas inflation (14). According to the invention, the intermediate region (12) is cleaned and/or filled with gas via the discharge tube (6).

Abstract: A lamp includes a lamp vessel, an incandescent body arranged in the lamp vessel, and current supply conductors connected to the incandescent body. The incandescent body is configured to emit a radiation spectrum including a visible portion and an infrared portion. An outer envelope around the lamp vessel has a reflective film adapted to transmit a first part of the visible portion and a second part of the infrared portion, the second part being greater than the first part.

Abstract: A lamp assembly (10) comprising: a lamp (20) having a glass envelope (22) containing a gaseous fill at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and a seal (24) comprising a substantially parallelepipedonal structure having two oppositely disposed long sides (26, 28) and two oppositely disposed short sides (30, 32); and a retainer (50) engaging the seal (24), the retainer (50) including four pressure points (52), two on each of the long sides (26, 28) with an indent separating each pair of the long side pressure points.

Abstract: In a metal halide vapor lamp, particularly for application in aquaria, having a fill containing GdBr3, HoJ3, DyJ3, CsJ and TlJ, the fill additionally contains InJ, whereby all the said ingredients are mixed with each other in such a ratio that on the CIE chromaticity diagram the color point of the lamp having the coordinates X=0.265 and Y=0.265 deviates in no direction for more than 7 SDMC.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp has a discharge vessel (10) enclosing a discharge space (11) which contains an ionizable filling. The discharge vessel has a first (2) and a second (3) mutually opposed neck-shaped portion provided with a pair of electrodes (6, 7) arranged in the discharge space (13). Each electrode is tubular over its entire length. Preferably, the electrodes are free from coils in the discharge space. Preferably, the electrodes extend to outside the discharge vessel. The high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is relatively easy to manufacture.

Abstract: A halogen lamp is described that is intended in particular for at least one mode of operation at a lamp voltage substantially below the nominal voltage or a lamp power substantially below the nominal power or that is intended for switching between a first such mode of operation and a second, normal mode of operation in which the lamp is operated substantially at its nominal voltage or power. To prevent, in the first mode of operation, any increased mass transport of molybdenum and, as a result of this, possible blackening of the envelope of the lamp or growth of whiskers in the region of the legs of the incandescent filament or of the first turns of the incandescent filament, use is made of a bromine-free filling gas that has chlorine. Lamps of this kind are used for example in the headlights of motor vehicles for what is termed daylight running (DRL=daylight running light).

Abstract: A high pressure gas discharge device and methods of using the device as a UV gas discharge light source are disclosed. The device has a cathode covered partially with a dielectric layer which separates the cathode from an anode. A discharge device utilizes one or more microhollows in the uncovered part of the cathode. Methods of utilizing the discharge devise as a gas discharge light source for producing ultapure water.

Abstract: The bulb (1) of the lamp which defines a longitudinal axis (A) is closed at one end by a seal (3), contact elements being fitted to the one end which are each electrically conductively connected to a power supply line (2) leading to a luminous element, the contact element being accommodated in a tubular part (15) of the seal part, characterized in that the contact element (5) protrudes outwards and is equipped in the interior of the tubular part with at least two outwardly protruding centering parts (10, 11) which are in contact with the tubular extension (16).

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a plasma etching process includes plasma control structure that can vary a size of a plasma flow passage, vary a speed of plasma flowing through the plasma flow passage, vary plasma concentration flowing through the plasma flow passage, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A coated luminescent material having a luminescent material powder formed by grains, the luminescent grains being coated, and the coating being at most 5 nm, preferably at most 2 nm.

Abstract: Metal halide lighting with good color during dimming may be obtained. An appropriate balance of commonly used metal halides (NaI, DyI3, CeI3, CaI2, TlI) is dosed in the lamp. No mercury is used. A higher than typical xenon fill pressure from 50 to 500 Kilopascals may be used to help control thermal properties and voltage. If necessary, modulation of the power at acoustic resonance frequencies may be used to straighten and center the arc. Efficient and pleasant white output is obtained. As the power is reduced, the chromaticity either (1) remains fairly constant or (2) drifts acceptably towards warm pinkish colors. Large factors of attenuation in output can be realized. The lumen output was reduced by at least a factor of twenty in one sample as the power was dimmed from 70 to 20 watts.

Abstract: A plasma lamp and method having high efficacy, high color rendering index, and a desirable correlated color temperature with improved color consistency from lamp to lamp. The lamp may include a vaporizable fill material comprising halides of sodium and scandium and a filter formed from a vitreous material containing a dopant. In one aspect, the filter is formed by a glass shroud containing neodymium oxide that reduces the transmission of yellow light.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp for motor vehicle headlamps having a mercury-free ionizable fill which consists of xenon with a cold filling pressure of at least 2000 hPa and metal halides. The discharge vessel has a tubular section (10) which consists of a transparent ceramic and has an internal diameter which is less than or equal to 2 mm and inside which there are arranged electrodes with a spacing less than or equal to 10 mm.

Abstract: A mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp unit including a closed glass bulb and a pair of electrode rods provided in the closed glass bulb so as to be opposite to each other. The closed glass bulb does not contain mercury as in the related art arc tubes, but contains main light emitting metal halide and starting rare gas enclosed in the closed glass bulb. In accordance with necessity, predetermined buffer metal halide in place of mercury may be enclosed to suppress the lowering of the tube voltage to some extent. In addition, the tube current I is increased to make the tube voltage high. The tube current I (unit: A) and the outer diameter d (unit: mm) of each electrode rod are set to have a relationship of 1.0?I/d?5.0. As a result, though such an increased tube current is used, the electrode temperature is kept in optimum temperature.

Abstract: Described is a high intensity discharge lamp including a lamp bulb envelope, first and second electrodes, a seal and a fill situated within the lamp bulb envelope. The lamp bulb envelope is composed of single crystal sapphire tubing. The lamp bulb envelope includes end portions and a central portion, the central portion having a greater diameter than the end portions. The end portions may be a cylindrical tube shape and the central portion is a smooth three-dimensional shape. The first and second electrodes extend through opposite ends of the lamp bulb envelope so that at least a portion of each of the electrodes is situated within the lamp bulb envelope. The seal seals each of the first and second electrodes to an inside wall of the corresponding end of the lamp bulb envelope. A voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes to generate an arc plasma therebetween.

Abstract: An arrangement with a relatively high pressure tightness in a super-high pressure mercury lamp which is operated with an extremely high mercury vapor pressure is achieved in accordance with the invention in a super-high pressure discharge lamp of the short arc type having a light emitting part in which a pair of electrodes are disposed opposite each other and which is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury; and side tube parts which extend from each side of the light emitting part and in each of which a respective one of the electrodes is partially hermetically sealed and is connected to a metal foil, by the area of the respective metal foil which is connected to the respective electrode has a smaller width than the width in the remaining area of the metal foil, the area with the smaller width wrapping at least partially around the outside surface of the electrode.