Abstract: A low-wattage fluorescent lamp is provided. The lamp has at least one mercury cold spot region effective to maintain the mercury in the lamp at less than 30° C., preferably 25° C., in an enclosed lamp fixture. The lamp also features a reduced distance between electrodes resulting in less power being required to sustain an electric arc discharge during operation of the lamp. The lower power electric arc generates less heat to raise the temperature of mercury vapor within the lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to an incandescent lamp for motor vehicle headlights, having at least one incandescent filament (2) arranged inside the lamp vessel, and a shading device (4). A coil exit (2a) of the incandescent filament (2) is joined to an edge section (41) of the shading device (4) running substantially parallel to the coil axis, in order to ensure an improved suspension of the incandescent filament (2).

Abstract: A hard-glass halogen gas-filled incandescent capsule with a single-end or a double-end has a tungsten filament with a primary coil extending from the barrel into the legs, and a secondary coil forming the barrel. One of the legs of the tungsten filament of the single-ended capsule extends into a pinch or press seal of the glass envelope to result in passive extinction of the electric arc at end-of-life. The end of the filament leg near the press seal may be connected to and/or supported by a molybdenum lead wire of the capsule that is within the pinch or the press seal via a clamp formed on the molybdenum lead wire. The passive extinction occurs when the electric arc is conducted through the filament extending into the press seal. Reliable extinction of the arc within the capsule is achieved with simplicity in construction and minimal materials. The primary coil is preferably stretched out to assume the diameter of the tungsten wire where it is embedded in a pinch seal.

Abstract: An arc discharge vessel having electrodes disposed therein, a fill within the discharge vessel wherein the arc discharge vessel is comprised of alumina including the following dopants in parts per million: 50≦MgO≦1500; 100≦HFO2 ≦1500; 0≦ZrO2≦700; 0≦Y2O3≦300; 0≦Sc2O3≦1000; 0≦Dy2O3≦1000; 0≦Tb2O3≦1000; with the proviso that at least 5 ppm Y2O3, Sc2O3, Dy2O3, Tb2O3, or mixtures thereof is included.

Abstract: The invention relates to an incandescent lamp for a motor vehicle headlight. The secondary filament (2) is arranged in such a way that, in a projection plane that is arranged perpendicular to the reference plane (B), the edge (2a), facing the antidazzle device (4), of the image, projected onto the projection plane, of the second incandescent filament (2) is arranged over the entire length of the second incandescent filament (2) between the reference axis (A) and the antidazzle device (4), and the edge (2a), facing the antidazzle device (4), of the image, projected to the scale 1:1 onto the projection plane, of the second incandescent filament (2) has a prescribed spacing from the reference axis (A). It is thereby possible to produce the light/dark boundary for the lower beam with the aid of the edge (2a) of the secondary filament image (2).

Abstract: An incandescent halogen lamp used in connection with a vehicle headlamp system in which stray light attributable to reflection off of internal lamp components is reduced while the structural integrity of the lamp is maintained. The halogen lamp includes two filaments, several lead wires, and a support bridge all sealed within a glass envelope. Each filament is connected at its outermost end to a flattened end portion of a lead wire which extends along the length of the filament from near the support bridge to the upper end of the filament. The flattened outer ends of the lead wires have a narrow profile that is in alignment with the direction of illumination of light from their respective filaments. This arrangement reduces the surface area that could otherwise interfere with light emitted by the filaments, and thereby reduces the overall stray light produced by the lamp. The flattened outer ends can have a roughened surface to further help reduce the amount of light reflected off the lead wires.

Abstract: In a high-power dual-filament incandescent lamp for use in a reflector having an optical axis, which incandescent lamp comprises two incandescent coils which are substantially parallel to one another, which in their correct operational positions are arranged substantially parallel to the optical axis of the reflector in a lamp bulb, and which can be operated alternately, the glass bulb is arranged such that it shows a horizontal and vertical displacement relative to the optical axis of the reflector when in the correct operational position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tungsten-halogen light bulb having an arc tube with a seal portion at one end. A filament is provided in the interior of the arc tube, and a basic gas mainly comprising at least either gaseous xenon or gaseous krypton is filled in the arc tube. When V (V) denotes a rated voltage of the tungsten-halogen light bulb, P(MPa) denotes a filling pressure of the basic gas at a room temperature, and Xe vol. % and Kr vol. % respectively denote composition ratios of the gaseous xenon and of the gaseous krypton, the following formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied simultaneously, in which ‘%’ means ‘volume %’. V≧100 (Volt)  (1) P≧0.7+{0.1×(Kr%/(Kr%+Xe%))}  (2) In these formulas, Kr %+Xe %=100(%), 0≦Kr %≦100, and 0≦Xe %≦100. Accordingly, a crack at the seal portion of the arc tube is prevented and the lifetime is improved.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrode assembly for a sealed lamp envelope. The electrode assembly comprises an outer lead wire and an inner lead wire, providing electric connection to an electrode in the envelope. A substantially planar conductor foil connects the outer lead wire and the inner lead wire. The conductor foil provides a sealed electric connection through a sealed portion of the envelope. In order to improve the mechanical stiffness of the conductor foil, the conductor foil comprises a curvature. The curvature is formed by the foil in a plane substantially perpendicular to a line connecting the outer lead wire and the inner lead wire. There is provided a lamp with the electrode assembly and a method for stiffening a conductor foil of an electrode assembly of a sealed lamp envelope.

Abstract: A tungsten-rhenium filament is disclosed. The filament has a re-crystallization temperature above 2000 ° C., and it comprises an aluminum-potassium-silicon (AKS) additive. The potassium content of the filament is between 80-110 ppm, and the rhenium content is between 0.05-0.19 % by weight. A method for manufacturing a rhenium-tungsten filament is also disclosed. The method comprises the following steps. An AKS doped tungsten-rhenium alloy powder is prepared with a rhenium content of 0.05-0.19 % by weight, and a potassium content between 80-110 ppm. The alloy powder is pressed and presintered, and thereafter sintered with direct current. A rhenium-tungsten filament is formed which has a metastable crystal structure. The filament is wound on a mandrel, and it is annealed on the mandrel below the re-crystallization temperature. The filament is finally re-crystallized above the re-crystallization temperature. A halogen incandescent lamp with an envelope enclosing a tungsten-rhenium filament is also provided.

Abstract: A lamp has a base and a light-transmitting soft-glass lamp envelope sealed to the base to form a sealed lamp cavity which is filled with a non-oxidizing gas. Current supply leads are connected to the stem feedthroughs and extend into the lamp cavity. A halogen incandescent burner is located in the lamp cavity and has a light-transmitting hard-glass burner envelope which encloses a sealed burner cavity filled with an inert gas containing halogen. The burner envelope has presses at its ends. A tungsten filament coil in the burner has extended legs at its ends that extend out of the burner cavity into the lamp cavity through the burner presses and are connected to the current supply leads in the lamp cavity to act as fuses which open upon breach of the lamp envelope, thus preventing further burner operations.

Abstract: An incandescent light, which uses a rotating, liquefied filament. The rotating filament consists of a thin layer of filament metal deposited on the interior convex surface of a refractory filament mount, which is inside the torus. The filament device is designed to rotate at a speed sufficient to prevent the metal from boiling off from, or breaking away from, the refractory surface of the filament mount as it rotates. The rotational speed of the torus will create a centrifugal force greater than the thermal forces, which would otherwise destroy the molecular integrity of the filament metal. The temperature of the deposited filament metal will exceed its normal melting point as it rotates. As it becomes hotter it will luminesce more in exponential proportion to the current applied to the rotating torus filament assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric incandescent lamp having a lamp vessel (12), at least one filament (14) which is arranged in the lamp vessel (12) and comprises at least a filament element (15) for generating radiation in the infrared region and in the visible region, and at least one filter (35), which is applied at least partially to the light vessel (12), reflects radiation in the infrared region and is transparent in the visible region, at least for selected wavelengths of radiation, at least one filament element (15) being of flat, in particular strip-shaped construction. It also relates to a method for producing such an electric incandescent lamp. FIG. 5.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of lamps. An electric incandescent lamp comprises a filament comprising a portion (100) comprising coils disposed in a spiral around an axis of revolution (110), and a secondary part (102) connected to said portion by means of a spacer (104), as well as a metal current supply rod (106), the secondary part being attached to the metal rod by means of the spacer. In order to facilitate the assembly of such a filament in the lamp, that is to say the attachment of the filament to the metal supply rod, the spacer comprises at least two coils stretched in a direction parallel to the axis of revolution of said portion.

Abstract: The wedge base bulb includes a bulb body having a colored glass bulb and a press-sealed portion. Further, a tubular insulation collar is mounted to cover press-sealed portion. Bulb body is formed in a process in that a molding section of a glass tube including a color-developing compound or a color-developing element is heat-melted under a reducing atmosphere in a predetermined temperature region, placed in a mold and expanded in the mold, and also develops color with colloid generated by the heat-melting. As a result, a wedge base bulb developed a color and chromaticity satisfying a predetermined standard can be provided at a lower cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of lamps. An incandescent electric lamp comprises a bulb (100), current-conducting supply wires (103, 104), a filament (105) having turns (A to H) arranged in spiraling fashion around an axis of revolution (102), one end (105a) of the filament being connected to the conductor wire (103), a metal support (108) of which one end (108a) is connected to the conductor wire (104) and the other end (108b) is connected to the other end (105b) of the filament, and a metal bracket (109) which is in electrical contact with one of the ends or one of the turns of the filament and which comprises a substantially straight portion parallel to the axis of revolution of the filament and situated below the filament when the lamp is in its normal operating position. The metal bracket is, for example, at the potential of the end (105a).

Abstract: Mini-type decorative bulb capable of emitting light through entire circumferential face, including a main body made of blank glass tube. A bead is disposed in the main body for locating two conductive wires. The conductive wires partially extend out of the main body for connecting with a power source. Inner sections of the conductive wires extend into the main body for connecting with tungsten filaments. When a wick composed of the bead, the conductive wires and the tungsten filaments is magnetically attracted and located in the main body, top end of the glass main body is blown and rounded to form a dome face through which light can pass. The other end of the main body is clamped and closed to form a flat end which can be easily plugged into a bulb seat.

Abstract: An environmentally favorable method is described for treating an incandescent lamp with a heat curable substantially organic solvent free silicone composition to improve the shatter resistance of the lamp.

Abstract: The compact high-voltage incandescent lamp according to the invention has as a luminous element a threefold winding in the form of a double helix (4) which is formed, for its part, from a coiled-coil filament (4a-4c). It is possible in this way to implement high-voltage incandescent lamps with compact dimensions and high luminances.

Abstract: A high pressure, lamp may be made in a pressure vessel by using an induction coil to melt an edge portion of a sealing wafer pressed against the circumference of an opening in the body of the lamp envelope. The pressure vessel and the lamp envelope are filled with desired fill materials. Induction heating is carried out by the induction coil and induction receiver that presses against the wafer, the lamp envelope or both to hold the melting piece or pieces in contact. The induction receiver may be fused to the lamp body forming a functional part of the overall lamp structure. The preferred resulting lamp includes a bonded metal piece that can be conveniently used for electrical or mechanical coupling or positioning of the lamp with respect to a base.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp element comprises an envelope and a filament (10) supported therein by a plurality of spaced supports. The filament comprises a helical coil of wire with sections (20, 21) having at least two different pitches. The first sections (20) have a pitch which enables the filament to be operated at a required colour temperature, and the second sections have a pitch which enables the filament to be supported by the supports.

Abstract: A tungsten-rhenium filament for an operation temperature between 2900 and 3200° K is disclosed. The filament comprises an aluminum-potassium-silicon (AKS) additive. The filament has a grain microstructure comprising substantially exclusively elongated interlocking grains with a Grain Aspect Ratio (GAR) not less than 12. The rhenium content of the filament is between 0,2-0,4% by weight. A method for manufacturing a rhenium-tungsten filament is also disclosed. The method comprises the following steps. An AKS doped tungsten-rhenium alloy powder is prepared with a rhenium content of 0,2-0,4% by weight. The alloy powder is pressed and presintered, and thereafter sintered with direct current. A rhenium-tungsten filament is formed, which has a metastable crystal structure. The filament is annealed below the recrystallisation temperature, and recrystallised above the recrystallisation temperature. There is also provided a halogen incandescent lamp with a glass envelope enclosing a tungsten-rhenium filament.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen lamp for motor vehicle headlights which has an electrical power consumption of between 50 watts and 100 watts and has at least one incandescent filament, the at least one incandescent filament (5) being formed according to the invention as a single coil, the dimensions and/or geometry of which are matched to an operating voltage of at least 20 volts, the length of the single coil being restricted to a range from 4.0 mm to 6.5 mm.

Abstract: An improved high pressure halogen filament lamp is disclosed. The lamp has a filament tube attached to a base, and an outer envelope encompassing the filament tube. Reductions to the gas fill pressures of the outer envelope and filament tube increase the probability that the coated outer envelope will contain the fragments of the filament tube in cases involving explosive failure of the filament tube.

Abstract: An electric lamp has an envelope with an inner surface and two electrodes located at each end of the envelope. The electrodes transfer electric power to generate ultraviolet radiation in the envelope which is filled with mercury and a charge sustaining gas. The inner surface of the envelope is pre-coated with an aluminum oxide layer to reflect ultraviolet radiation back into the envelope. A phosphor layer is formed over the aluminum oxide to convert the ultraviolet radiation to visible light. The phosphor layer is a mixture of four phosphors, namely, blue luminescing Blue Halophosphor (BH), red-luminescing Yittrium Oxide (YOX), 3000K-luminescing Calcium Halophosphor, also referred to as Warm White (WW) and green-luminescing Zinc Silicate (ZS).

Abstract: To eliminate the need for a cap provided only for coloring the light of a wedge-base bulb, and to eliminate the requirement for a multi-colored front lens of a vehicle identification lamp, a colored coating is formed on the surface of a glass bulb of a wedge-base bulb. The bulb is dipped in a color coating and a rib and/or groove is provided between the bulb and a base portion of the wedge-base bulb to prevent the coating from adhering to the base portion where terminals are disposed.

Abstract: The electric lamp/reflector unit includes a reflector body (1) having a reflector portion (2) with a concave reflecting surface (3), and a neck-shaped portion (5), both surrounding an optical axis (4). The unit includes an electric lamp (10) which is provided with a lamp vessel (11) having a cavity (13) wherein an electric light source (14) is arranged. The cavity (13) is provided with an infrared-reflecting and visible light-transmitting coating (15). The electric lamp (10) has a first (23) and a second (24) end portion which are arranged opposite each other and provided with a seal, through which seals respective current conductors (23; 24) connected via embedded metal foils (17; 18) to the electric light source (14) issue from the lamp vessel (11) to the exterior.

Abstract: The U-shaped electric incadescent lamp (1) is characterized in that, instead of a bend, one or more kinks (20) are made in the lamp vessel (2) so as to position the first leg (14) and the second leg (16) in a parallel arrangement next to each other at a relatively small distance. The lamp thus obtained is inexpensive, compact and safe.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp comprises an arc tube, and an outer bulb, enclosing the arc tube. The arc tube comprises a light-transmitting discharge vessel, made of ceramics, including a discharge space portion filled with an ionizable filling, and a pair of tube portions, of which inner diameter is smaller than that of the discharge space portion, continuously formed from the discharge space portion. Each of electrodes is arranged in the tube portions, wherein a minimum interspace between the outer surface of the electrode and the inner surface of the tube portion is 0.1 mm or less. A conductive member is arranged to at least one of the tube portions, and connected to the electrode of the other tube portion so as to have the same electrical potential.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light bulb comprising a base BA to which a filament FIL is connected, which filament is intended to emita luminous radiation and has turns arranged in spiraling fashion around an axis of revolution AX. Accoring to the invention,the light blub in addition comprises a plurality of hooks H1, H2, and H3, each being in contact with one of the turns of the filament, and being connected to the base BA by means of a support SUP. The invention enables to keep the filament FIL securely in position, which reduces the risk that several turns of said filament will come into contact with the support SUP, thus creating a destructive short-circuit.

Abstract: A phosphorescent layer comprising a phosphorescent compound and a binder resin is provided at least on the front surface of a bulb in order to provide a lamp having phosphorescent layer with improved strength and durability and also an improved recognizability even after turning off the light. A portable lighting device having the lamp is also provided. A phosphorescent layer is applied to the front surface of a single-end bulb of a lamp in the range from ¼ to ½ of the bulb surface area. The phosphorescent layer mainly comprises strontium aluminate (SrAl2O4). This material is added to a solution dissolving a binder resin and mixed to provide a paint, and the paint is applied to a predetermined position of the lamp. For the application, the single-end bulb is dipped in the paint and dried to evaporate the solvent. The paint preferably comprises 1-50 weight parts of the binder resin to 100 weight parts of the phosphorescent compound.

Abstract: A filament array for an incandescent lamp comprises at least five filament sections (10) having their longitudinal axes parallel with one another and, when viewed in plan, being arranged substantially symmetrically in a polygonal configuration around the lamp axis. The filament sections are wound from a single wire and are electrically connected together in series by means of linking sections (18, 19, 20) of said wire extending between corresponding ends of the filament sections, with alternate linking sections being positioned at opposite ends of the filament sections. The linking sections at the two ends of the array are supported by a set of support members (30, 31) extending from respective frame members (34, 35). The electrical input and output (14, 15) of the array are through terminal wire sections on opposite or substantially opposite sides of the array.

Abstract: A new type of light comprises a casing used for containing an emitting device. Further, the emitting device comprises a couple of wires, an insulator ball, a filament and a fuse. The couple of wires are connected with a power supply via the casing, wherein the contact ponts of wires and casing are defined as the bottom of the light. Moreoever, the insulator is positioned above the bottom of the light. Subsequently, the filament is position above the insulator ball, and the fuse is posted on the top of wires. Particularly, the tops of the wires are wound to form hooks to hold the fuse. The hooks are flattened for increasing the adhesion of connection between the wires and the fuse.

Abstract: A ceramic lamp in which the hermetically sealing bodies of electrically conductive cermet are sealed to hermetically sealed tube portions of the lamp vessel with a sealing material is arranged and provided with material components designed to give the hermetically sealing portions a high reliability.

Abstract: An electric lightbulb is provided for use with lightbulb sockets in either 110V or 220V screw type or bayonet circuits. The lightbulb includes a lamp portion and a cap portion, with the cap portion preferably containing circuitry. When the switch is on a high setting the lightbulb of this invention will last approximately twice as long as conventional incandescent bulbs, but at a low setting the bulb of this invention will last at least ten times as long as a conventional incandescent bulb. The lamp portion includes a filament attached to wires which are secured to the base of the lamp as well as to wires which are secured to an insulative sheath which is also held adjacent the base of the lamp. A metallic disk is maintained in contact with the sheath as well.

Abstract: A lamp capsule for use in a vehicle headlamp includes a lamp envelope having a tubular portion. First and second spaced-apart filaments are mounted in the lamp envelope for emitting light when energized by electrical energy. The lamp capsule further includes one or more light-attenuating axial stripes on the lamp envelope. The axial stripes are positioned on the lamp envelope for blocking light emitted by the first filament and reflected by the second filament. The lamp capsule may further include light-attenuating rings at or near opposite ends of the lamp envelope for defining upper and lower boundaries of a clear region of the lamp envelope. A filament support structure may include support leads located in the plane of the filaments for limiting light blockage and stray reflections.

Abstract: A lamp capsule for use in a vehicle headlamp includes a lamp envelope having a tubular portion. First and second spaced-apart filaments are mounted in the lamp envelope for emitting light when energized by electrical energy. The lamp capsule further includes one or more light-attenuating axial stripes on the lamp envelope. The axial stripes are positioned on the lamp envelope for blocking light emitted by the first filament and reflected by the second filament. The lamp capsule may further include light-attenuating rings at or near opposite ends of the lamp envelope for defining upper and lower boundaries of a clear region of the lamp envelope. A filament support structure may include support leads located in the plane of the filaments for limiting light blockage and stray reflections.

Abstract: A general service incandescent lamp including a housing with electrically conductive base (s); a transparent envelope; a radiation discriminative reflective film reflecting wasted radiation for recycling; a electrically driven filament; wherein an improvement is a new use of lightweight low thermal capacity insulator of fibrous ceramic material spatially formed to shade the lamp base from filament and/or reflected energy from a reflective film; wherein an improvement is to use the ceramic to shape the output beam to the solid angle of radiation; wherein an improvement contains a low thermal capacity insulator with candoluminescence material that when thermally exited emits radiation via candoluminescence improving the lamp's efficacy and color; wherein an improvement contains a larger optical spot size focusing requirement for the reflective mirror as compared to the spot size formed by the lamp's filament cross section, wherein an improvement is use of a polarized discriminative reflective film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a miniature incandescent lamp which is provided for mounting on a printed circuit board. According to the invention, the base contacts (7) have a plane contact surface (7a) for soldering onto a printed circuit board, a section (7b, 7c, 7d) which is constructed like tongs and serves to anchor the base contact (7) in the lamp base, and a hookshaped section (7e) into which one end of a supply lead (5) guided out of the lamp bulb (1) is inserted, and to which said supply lead (5) is welded.

Abstract: A method to eliminate filament hot shock in lamp filaments, particularly in compact filament light sources such as high efficiency infrared reflective coated halogen lamps, during installation or during energization comprising a voltage reduction circuit that reduces the voltage applied to the lamp filaments for a predetermined period of time and a timing circuit that is activated each time the lamp is energized and controls the predetermined period of time during which the voltage reduction circuit reduces voltage applied to the lamp filaments. Optionally, a one time latch circuit may be included that enables the timing circuit upon energization and disables it after the voltage reduction circuit has operated continuously for the predetermined period of time, and forever thereafter.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a sintered glass plate (1) through which current conductors (2) and a metal tube (3) extend. An incandescent body (4) is connected to said current conductors (2) aligned with respect to the sintered plate (1). A glass bulb (5) is present over the incandescent body (4), gastight secured to the sintered plate (1) by means of enamel (6). A water getter (20) and a heavy gas at an elevated pressure are present inside the glass bulb (5). The lamp may consume a relatively high power and may be relatively small, but nevertheless has a relatively long life.

Abstract: As its filling, a halogen incandescent lamp contains noble gas, halogen additive, carbon as well as nitrogen and oxygen in the form of a nitrogen-oxygen compound, preferably N.sub.2 O.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system composed of a halogen incandescent lamp d a matching socket, substantial advantages with regard to environmental friendliness and cost being achieved by using a high-voltage or medium-voltage halogen incandescent lamp having a simple glass cap and by holding the lamp in the socket on the glass cap, without the safety aspect being neglected.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a tubular quartz glass lamp vessel (1) in which a filament (10) having adjoining turns is axially disposed. The filament (10) is kept centered in the lamp vessel (1) by supports (15) which are connected to the filament (10) intermediate its ends (12) and which bear against the lamp vessel (1). The turns (11) of the filament (10) are formed as polygons, and the adjacent angles of adjoining turns are angularly displaced relative to one another about the axis (2) of the lamp vessel (1).

Abstract: A lighting device is provided which comprises an optically non-opaque wall consisting essentially of a polymeric material and defining a portion of an envelope; a light source sealed within the envelope at a pressure of less than one atmosphere absolute; and an electrical driving device in electrical communication with the light source for causing the light source to generate light. According to another aspect of the invention, a lighting device is provided which comprises an optically non-opaque wall consisting essentially of a polymeric material and defining a portion of an envelope; a gas disposed and sealed within the envelope at a pressure of less than one atmosphere absolute, the wall being substantially impermeable by the gas; and an electrical driving device in at least one of electrical and electromagnetic communication with the gas for activating the gas to generate light. Related methods also are disclosed.

Abstract: A lighting system for projecting a beam of light has a light source and a concave reflector having a central axis. The center of the light source is located at a position other than at the focal point of the reflector, i.e. between the reflector surface and the focal point of the reflector for an ellipsoidal reflector and forward of the focal point for a parabolic reflector. This placement provides a greater light output than is achievable by positioning the light source at the focal point of the reflector. The preferred light source is an improved lamp having an incandescent filament having a central linear helical portion aligned with a central axis of the reflector and a peripheral helix portion around the central portion so as to concentrate the emission of light along and about the central axis of the filament.

Abstract: The invention, an incandescent light source, radiates a significantly larger portion of its power within the visible spectrum by enclosing an electrically heated tungsten filament, the radiant primary, within a cavity bounded by a two-layer refractory oxide composite, the radiant secondary. The scattering and absorption coefficients of both layers are manipulated such that the inner layer is substantially absorbing in both the visible and the IR, while the outer layer, though optically thick across the spectrum, is substantially absorbing (and therefore substantially emissive) in the visible while being highly reflective in the IR High temperature cavity radiation established by the radiant primary is absorbed by the inner layer of the secondary, thereby heating both layers such that they radiate brilliantly.

Abstract: This invention consists of an improved design and assembly process the for manufacture of a single ended quartz (SEQ) lamp for projection applications. The lamp (A) includes a hermetically sealed envelope (10) which houses a filament (15). A ceramic base (12) receives the envelope in a receiving slot (26). Cement fill in the slot, around the hermetic seal, bonds the envelope to the base. Ends (18,20) of the filament extend into the seal region (22) and are electrically connected to a power source by three-part leads (14,16). This invention consists of a much simpler two-pin prefocus ceramic base SEQ lamp design that is made with fewer parts and is much easier and faster to assemble to enable much reduced labor and cost. Also, the ceramic base is smaller and exposes more of the quartz lamp seal to the surroundings to enable more effective cooling during lamp operation to prevent lamp failures from overheated seals.

Abstract: A method and device which includes the integration of a left directed lamp filament connected electrically parallel to a right directed lamp filament, wherein the filaments coils are formed in mirror image symmetrical relationship with each other to increase radiating surface skin and to balance electromagnetic signature, thereby constructively improving lamp performance.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a lamp vessel (1) in which a filament (3) is disposed substantially concentric with the longitudinal axis (2) of the lamp vessel (1). Current conductors (4) extend from the lamp vessel (1), an internal conductor (10) part of which is substantially concentrically with the axis (2) and has an end portion (11) having unround cross-sections (12). An end portion (6) of the filament (3) is wound onto the unround cross-sections (12) of a respective internal conductor (10) to constitute clamping windings (5). The lamp is of a simple construction to obtain reliably a concentrically mounted filament.