Abstract: The invention describes a high intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5, 5?) enclosing a fill gas in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) extending into the discharge chamber (2), and wherein the fill gas includes a halide composition comprising a halide of sodium and, optionally, scandium iodide to a total proportion of at least 30 wt %, and a halide of terbium and/or gadolinium to a proportion of at least 5 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge tube, which includes a ceramic discharge tube and two electrodes. The ceramic discharge tube includes a main discharge tube and two ceramic capillary tubes respectively located at two ends of the main discharge tube, the main discharge tube has a central protuberant part located in the middle thereof and two cylindrical parts respectively connected to two ends of the central protuberant part, the two cylindrical parts are respectively connected to the two ceramic capillary tubes.

Abstract: An array of microcavity plasma devices is formed in a unitary sheet of oxide with embedded microcavities or microchannels and encapsulated metal driving electrodes isolated by oxide from the microcavities or microchannels and arranged so as to generate sustain a plasma in the embedded microcavities or microchannels upon application of time-varying voltage when a plasma medium is contained in the microcavities or microchannels.

Abstract: A short arc type mercury lamp structure has Hg and a rare gas which are enclosed inside a light-emitting tube. Kr is enclosed as the rare gas. It is possible to realize the initial intensity of radiation at the same level as in the case in which Ar is enclosed and prevent a sudden decrease in the intensity of radiation when the lamp is lighted for a long time. The longevity of the lamp is greatly increased than that of a lamp in which Ar is enclosed. The anode satisfies the formula: 1?r/(d0×tan ?)?0.66, where r (mm) is the radius of the leading end surface of the anode, ?(°) is the angle between the electrode axis and the taper surface in the axial cross-section of the anode, and d0 (mm) is the inter-electrode distance.

Abstract: A short arc type mercury lamp structure has Hg and a rare gas which are enclosed inside a light-emitting tube. Kr is enclosed as the rare gas. It is possible to realize the initial intensity of radiation at the same level as in the case in which Ar is enclosed and prevent a sudden decrease in the intensity of radiation when the lamp is lighted for a long time. The longevity of the lamp is greatly increased than that of a lamp in which Ar is enclosed. The anode satisfies the formula: 1?r/(d0×tan?)?0.66, where r (mm) is the radius of the leading end surface of the anode, ?(°) is the angle between the electrode axis and the taper surface in the axial cross-section of the anode, and d0 (mm) is the inter-electrode distance.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of manufacturing an electrode (1) for a gas-discharge lamp, which method comprises forming an electrode shaft (10); forming a coil (2) over a winding length (L W); arranging the coil (2) on the electrode shaft (10); and melting material of the coil (2) such that, when the melted coil material has re-solidified, the solidified material (30,31) comprises a one-piece shell (3), which one-piece shell (3) comprises a fused portion (30) over a fraction (L T) of the winding length (L W) and a mantle portion (31) over a remainder (L B) of the winding length (L W).

Abstract: A plasma cell and a method for making a plasma cell are disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a cell comprises a semiconductor material, an opening disposed in the semiconductor material, a dielectric layer lining a surface of the opening, a cap layer closing the opening, a first electrode disposed adjacent the opening, and a second electrode disposed adjacent the opening.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having a single socket, comprising: a discharge vessel (100) having two opposite sealed ends (120, 130) and a discharge chamber (110) arranged between the sealed ends (120, 130), a first sealed end (120) extending into a lamp base (400) and the second sealed end (130) protruding out of the lamp base (400), a first electrode (20) which is fixed in the first sealed end (120) of the discharge vessel (100) and has an end on the discharge side extending into the discharge chamber (110), a second electrode (30) which is fixed in the second sealed end (130) of the discharge vessel (100) and has an end on the discharge side extending into the discharge chamber; and (110), a base flange (420) arranged on the lamp base (400) and defining a plane (421) which is usable for adjusting the high-pressure discharge lamp in an optical system wherein for the distance A from the end of the first electrode (20) on the discharge side to the plane (421) of the base flange (420) and for the distance B

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge tube, which includes a ceramic discharge tube and two electrodes. The ceramic discharge tube includes a main discharge tube and two ceramic capillary tubes respectively located at two ends of the main discharge tube, the main discharge tube has a central protuberant part located in the middle thereof and two cylindrical parts respectively connected to two ends of the central protuberant part, the two cylindrical parts are respectively connected to the two ceramic capillary tubes.

Abstract: The invention describes a mercury-free high-intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5) enclosing a fill gas in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 4) extending into the discharge chamber (2), for which lamp (1) the fill gas is derived from a salt fill introduced into the discharge chamber (2) prior to sealing, which salt fill is free of scandium and includes a halide composition comprising a sodium halide to a proportion of at least 65 wt % and at most 97.2 wt %,a thallium halide to a proportion of at least 2 wt % and at most 25 wt %, and an indium halide to a proportion of at least 0.5 wt % and at most 25 wt %. Eliminating the highly reactive scandium from the fill gas significantly improves lumen maintenance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flat panel display manufacturing apparatus in a predetermined process is performed using plasma generated therein. In such a flat panel display manufacturing apparatus, a process gas is supplied into a chamber in an evenly diffused state to generate even plasma inside a symmetrical interior space of the chamber. Consequently, the flat panel display manufacturing apparatus can appropriately control flow rate of the plasma, thereby being capable of performing even processing on a large-scale substrate. In the flat panel display manufacturing apparatus, a substrate pedestal thereof is provided with a combination of vertical and horizontal shielding members, thereby being entirely protected from attack of the plasma, resulting in an increased life-span.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having a single socket, comprising: a discharge vessel (100) having two opposite sealed ends (120, 130) and a discharge chamber (110) arranged between the sealed ends (120, 130), a first sealed end (120) extending into a lamp base (400) and the second sealed end (130) protruding out of the lamp base (400), a first electrode (20) which is fixed in the first sealed end (120) of the discharge vessel (100) and has an end on the discharge side extending into the discharge chamber (110), a second electrode (30) which is fixed in the second sealed end (130) of the discharge vessel (100) and has an end on the discharge side extending into the discharge chamber; and (110), a base flange (420) arranged on the lamp base (400) and defining a plane (421) which is usable for adjusting the high-pressure discharge lamp in an optical system wherein for the distance A from the end of the first electrode (20) on the discharge side to the plane (421) of the base flange (420) and for the distance B

Abstract: A method of forming a discharge lamp and the resultant discharge lamp include providing an arc tube having first and second ends offset from a central arcuate or curvilinear portion of the discharge chamber formed between the arc tube ends. Electrodes extend from the first and second ends and at least partially into the discharge chamber which is locally substantially rotationally symmetric, i.e., substantially circular cross-section over a length thereof. Preferably, the arc tube and discharge chamber have a curvilinear conformation where the first and second ends are located below the central portion of the arc tube and associated discharge chamber in horizontal orientation during operation. Terminal ends of the electrodes preferably follow a local axis of the curvilinear conformation. The wall thickness of the discharge chamber may be alternatively constant or non-constant along a longitudinal extent thereof.

Abstract: The invention describes a mercury-free high intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5) enclosing a fill gas in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 4) extending into the discharge chamber (2), for which lamp (1) the fill gas in the discharge chamber (2) is free of zinc iodide, and the fill gas includes a halide composition comprising sodium iodide and scandium iodide to a combined proportion of at least 30 wt % and at most 95 wt %, and thulium iodide, to a proportion of at least 5 wt % and at most 70 wt %.

Abstract: The invention describes a mercury-free high-intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5) enclosing a filling in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) extending into the discharge chamber (2), for which lamp (1) the electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) are free of thorium, and the filling includes a halide composition comprising at least 6 wt % thorium iodide.

Abstract: A direct current discharge lamp with an anode (10) and a cathode (12) that are arranged opposite one another at a predetermined distance (r) inside a discharge vessel (14) filled with a filling gas, it being possible to apply electric power (P) to the anode (10) and the cathode (12) in order to produce a gas discharge. At least the predetermined distance (r) between the anode (10) and the cathode (12), the electric power (P) and a geometry of the anode (10) are adapted to one another in such a way that a region (22) of a surface (24) of the anode (10) facing the cathode (12) is free flowing in the heated state of the direct current discharge lamp.

Abstract: The invention describes a high intensity gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (5, 5?) enclosing a fill gas in a discharge chamber (2) and comprising a pair of electrodes (3, 3?, 4, 4?) extending into the discharge chamber (2), and wherein the fill gas includes a halide composition comprising a halide of sodium and, optionally, scandium iodide to a total proportion of at least 30 wt %, and a halide of terbium and/or gadolinium to a proportion of at least 5 wt %.

Abstract: A discharge lamp and a method for forming the lamp, the lamp including a ceramic discharge vessel defining at least part of a cavity containing a metal halide (MH) chemical filling having a power factor of between about 0.75 and 0.85 located within the cavity; and one or more feedthroughs having first and second ends, the first end located in the cavity. The cavity may have an internal length LINT and an internal diameter DINT that are proportional to each other, such that an aspect ratio defined as LINT/DINT is less than or equal to two. The lamp may be started and operated with a probe-start ballast without an internal igniter circuit or without a starting electrode (or internal igniter).

Abstract: A ceramic gas discharge metal halide (CDM) lamp (10) capable of retrofitting into existing high pressure iodide (HPI) metal halide and high pressure mercury vapor (HP) lamp fixtures for significient energy savings, the CDM lamp (10) having a ceramic discharge vessel (12) containing a pair of discharge electrodes (17, 18), a Penning mixture of the rare gases neon and argon, and a chemical fill which includes an oxygen dispenser and which restricts strong oxygen binders to 5 mole percent or less. In a preferred embodiment, the discharge vessel (12) has an aspect ratio R of less than 2, a wall thickness t of up to 1.2 mm, a spacing d between the discharge electrodes (17, 18) of up to 14 mm, and a passive antenna (26) on the outer wall of the discharge vessel (12), with the shortest distance a between a discharge electrode (17, 18) and the floating antenna (26) of up to 7 mm.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp, in certain embodiments, includes a uniquely shaped shoulder and dimensions selected to reduce stress and associated cracking. The uniquely shaped shoulder has a variable diameter, such as, e.g., a cup-shaped geometry, a curved funnel-shaped geometry, or a conical-shaped geometry. The selected or optimized dimensions may include a tip-to-neck distance, a tip-to-wall distance, and an internal diameter of the lamp. The selected or optimized dimensions also may include a uniform wall thickness, an arc gap distance, and an electrode thickness. These dimensions and shapes are selected to reduce undesirably high maximum stresses and temperatures in the lamp. As a result, the lamp is able to provide higher performance with a longer life due to a decreased risk of stress cracking during rapid start up and steady state operation.

Abstract: A high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) comprising an envelope (2) of high temperature resistant material having a discharge vessel (3) and two electrodes (5, 6) extending from two seal portions (4) into the discharge vessel (3), the two electrodes having an electrode gap (de) smaller than or equal to 2.5 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 1.5 mm, is described. The discharge vessel (3) contains a filling which essentially comprises the following substances: rare gas, oxygen, halogen consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, or a mixture thereof, as well as mercury in a quantity greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/mm3. The seal portions (4) have a cross-sectional area of between 6 mm2 and 20 mm2, preferably approximately 10 mm2. A method of manufacturing such a high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) and a projector system for such a high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) are also described.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp includes at least a lamp tube and two electrodes. The two electrodes are each attached to the lamp tube by a sealed area and, outside the sealed area, each electrode has a perpendicular minimum distance, with respect to its longitudinal axis, from the lamp tube.

Abstract: A filament lamp comprising a bulb which has a hermetically sealed portion on at least one end and multiple filament assemblies, each filament assembly comprising a coiled filament and connected leads to supply power to that filament, the filament assemblies being sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the bulb, the leads of each filament assembly being electrically connected to respective multiple conductive parts set in the sealed portions, and power being independently suppliable to each of the filaments. A respective one of the coiled filaments is located in a respective first quadrant formed by intersecting planes that are perpendicular to each other and that are tangent to an outer coil diameter of the respective coiled filament. The leads are positioned in quadrants other than the quadrant in which the coiled filament is located. A light irradiation type heat treatment apparatus uses a plurality of such filament lamps.

Abstract: A patterned beam of radiation is projected onto a substrate. A reflective optical element is used to help form the radiation beam from radiation emitted from a plasma region of a plasma source. In the plasma source, a plasma current is generated in the plasma region. To reduce damage to the reflective optical element, a magnetic field is applied in the plasma region with at least a component directed along a direction of the plasma current. This axial magnetic field helps limit the collapse of the Z-pinch region of the plasma. By limiting the collapse, the number of fast ions emitted may be reduced.

Abstract: A direct current discharge lamp with an anode (10) and a cathode (12) that are arranged opposite one another at a predetermined distance (r) inside a discharge vessel (14) filled with a filling gas, it being possible to apply electric power (P) to the anode (10) and the cathode (12) in order to produce a gas discharge. At least the predetermined distance (r) between the anode (10) and the cathode (12), the electric power (P) and a geometry of the anode (10) are adapted to one another in such a way that a region (22) of a surface (24) of the anode (10) facing the cathode (12) is free flowing in the heated state of the direct current discharge lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Hg free high pressure discharge lamp having a quartz envelope and a halide filling, wherein the lamp comprises at least one electrode which comprises tungsten and ?0 wt. % and ?0.5 wt. % thorium and whereby the lamp comprises at least one Mo-containing lead-in wire and/or foil whereby the Mo containing wire and/or foil comprises TiO2 and having a characteristic life time of ?2500 h and ?7500 h according to the EU Carmaker cycle test.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flat panel display manufacturing apparatus in a predetermined process is performed using plasma generated therein. In such a flat panel display manufacturing apparatus, a process gas is supplied into a chamber in an evenly diffused state to generate even plasma inside a symmetrical interior space of the chamber. Consequently, the flat panel display manufacturing apparatus can appropriately control flow rate of the plasma, thereby being capable of performing even processing on a large-scale substrate. In the flat panel display manufacturing apparatus, a substrate pedestal thereof is provided with a combination of vertical and horizontal shielding members, thereby being entirely protected from attack of the plasma, resulting in an increased life-span.

Abstract: A high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) comprising an envelope (2) of high temperature resistant material having a discharge vessel (3) and two electrodes (5, 6) extending from two seal portions (4) into the discharge vessel (3), the two electrodes having an electrode gap (de) smaller than or equal to 2.5 mm, preferably smaller than or equal to 1.5 mm, is described. The discharge vessel (3) contains a filling which essentially comprises the following substances: rare gas, oxygen, halogen consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, or a mixture thereof, as well as mercury in a quantity greater than or equal to 0.15 mg/mm3? The seal portions (4) have a cross-sectional area of between 6 mm2 and 20 mm2, preferably approximately 10 mm2. A method of manufacturing such a high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) and a projector system for such a high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (1) are also described.

Abstract: A ceramic discharge vessel for a high-intensity discharge lamp includes a hollow body and two capillaries attached to the body. The capillaries have respective electrodes therein, where portions of the electrodes inside the body are spaced from each other and have longitudinal axes that are not coplanar. That is, in contrast to the prior art where the longitudinal axes are coplanar, the capillaries herein are moved (in effect, rotated) to positions in which a first plane defined by a longitudinal axis of one capillary and a first point where a second capillary is attached to the body is intersected by a longitudinal axis of the second capillary only at the first point.

Abstract: A high pressure gas discharge device and methods of using the device as a UV gas discharge light source are disclosed. The device has a cathode covered partially with a dielectric layer which separates the cathode from an anode. A discharge device utilizes one or more microhollows in the uncovered part of the cathode. Methods of utilizing the discharge devise as a gas discharge light source for producing ultapure water.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp, the lamp including a light emitting vessel having a wall made of ceramic material that defines an inner space with a first end portion having a respective first opening formed therein and a second end portion having a respective second opening formed therein, two discharge electrodes, with a first electrode extending therethrough the first opening of the first end portion of the vessel and a second electrode extending therethrough the second opening of the second end portion of the vessel, together forming a gap between ends of the discharge electrodes positioned within the vessel, wherein the light emitting vessel defines an inner space characterized by an inner diameter ranging from and including 1 millimeters to 3 millimeters and an inner length between and including 5 millimeters to 10 millimeters, wherein the wall of the vessel has a thickness ranging between and including 0.3 millimeters to 0.

Abstract: he present invention aims at providing a metal halide lamp having a configuration to achieve the following goals: to prevent the lamp from burning out during the life due to a rise in lamp voltage; and to obtain high luminous efficiency at the same time. The metal halide lamp 1 comprises: an arc tube 4 made of translucent ceramic and having a main tube part 6 in which a pair of electrodes 14 is disposed; and an outer tube 3 housing the arc tube 4 therein. 4.0?L/D?10.0, where L (mm) is a length of a space between the electrodes 14 and D (mm) is an internal diameter of the main tube part 6. R/r ?3.4, where R (mm) is an internal diameter of the outer tube 3 and r (mm) is an external diameter in the main tube part 6 of the arc tube 4, within a region positionally corresponding to, in a radial direction of the outer tube and the arc tube, the space between the electrodes 14, on a cross-sectional surface where an outer circumference of the arc tube 4 comes closest to an inner circumference of the outer tube 3. M?4.

Abstract: A Hg-free metal halide lamp comprising a substantially cylindrical discharge vessel with a ceramic wall having an internal diameter Di, an internal length Li and a wall thickness Wt, and filled with an ionizable filling, wherein two electrodes are present having a mutual distance EA for maintaining a discharge in the discharge vessel, wherein the filling comprises an inert gas and a salt, wherein the internal length Li is smaller than 8 mm, wherein the electrode distance EA and the internal diameter Di comply with the relation EA/Di>;2, wherein the inert gas pressure PXe at room temperature is at least 5 bar, and wherein the wall thickness Wt and the internal diameter Di comply with the relation Wt/Di>0.15.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel discharge structures for dielectric barrier discharge lamps, in which discharge electrode sections, which are associated with the individual discharges, of the respective electrode strips overhang adjacent sections of the electrode strips.

Abstract: An arc discharge metal halide lamp having a discharge chamber having visible light permeable walls bounding a discharge region supported electrodes in a discharge region spaced apart by a distance Le with an average interior diameter equal to D so they have a selected ratio. Ionizable materials are provided in this chamber involving a noble gas, one or more halides, and mercury in an amount sufficiently small so as to result in a relatively low maximum voltage drop between the electrodes during lamp operation.

Abstract: An emission device for an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp which maintains an electrode tip shape by which a stable discharge can always be carried out is achieved for a short arc ultra-high pressure mercury lamp with silica glass arc tube containing a pair of opposed electrodes spaced apart a distance of at most 2 mm and in which the arc tube is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury, a rare gas and a halogen in the range from 1×10?6 ?mole/mm3 to 1×10?2 ?mole/mm3; by providing an operating device which produces a current feed by which the surface of the tip of at least one of the electrodes is shifted into a molten state during lamp operation.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp for motor vehicle headlamps having a mercury-free ionizable fill which consists of xenon with a cold filling pressure of at least 2000 hPa and metal halides. The discharge vessel has a tubular section (10) which consists of a transparent ceramic and has an internal diameter which is less than or equal to 2 mm and inside which there are arranged electrodes with a spacing less than or equal to 10 mm.

Abstract: A mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp unit including a closed glass bulb and a pair of electrode rods provided in the closed glass bulb so as to be opposite to each other. The closed glass bulb does not contain mercury as in the related art arc tubes, but contains main light emitting metal halide and starting rare gas enclosed in the closed glass bulb. In accordance with necessity, predetermined buffer metal halide in place of mercury may be enclosed to suppress the lowering of the tube voltage to some extent. In addition, the tube current I is increased to make the tube voltage high. The tube current I (unit: A) and the outer diameter d (unit: mm) of each electrode rod are set to have a relationship of 1.0?I/d?5.0. As a result, though such an increased tube current is used, the electrode temperature is kept in optimum temperature.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp which can suppress sputtering caused by electric discharge and reduce consumption of mercury so as to achieve a longer lifetime even if a lamp current is large and a lighting tube has a small diameter. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present invention is characterized in that a distance between the inner surface of the lighting tube and the outer surface of a cylindrical electrode is set such that electric discharge develops mainly on the inner surface of the cylindrical electrode. When the lighting tube has an inside diameter D1 of 1 to 6 mm and the maximum lamp current is 5 mA or more, an outside diameter D2 of the cylinder electrode is preferably set at D1?0.4 [mm]?D2<D1.

Abstract: An ultra-high pressure high pressure discharge lamp device in which the lamp voltage and the distance between the lamp electrodes can be kept stable is achieved by an operating device supplying an alternating current with rectangular waves to the discharge lamp and control is exercised such that a lower boundary value is set and the operating voltage is increased by reducing the operating frequency of the discharge lamp by a given amount, when the operating voltage of the discharge lamp is below the set lower boundary value. Furthermore, control can also be exercised in such a way that an upper boundary value is set and the operating voltage is reduced by increasing the operating frequency of the discharge lamp by a given amount when the operating voltage of the discharge lamp exceeds the set upper boundary value.

Abstract: A light source device includes a discharge tube, a discharge medium sealed inside the discharge tube, and inner and outer electrodes for exciting the discharge medium. The inner electrode is arranged inside the discharge tube. The outer electrode includes a first outer electrode and a second outer electrode that are connected electrically with each other. The first outer electrode is in contact with an outer surface of the discharge tube at a plurality of first contact portions that are located at different distances from the inner electrode and are provided discontinuously. The second outer electrode is in contact with the outer surface of the discharge tube at second contact portions. The second contact portions are arranged closer to the inner electrode than the first contact portions at a surface density greater than that of the first contact portions.

Abstract: A discharge lamp of the present invention, which has an starting property, an arc stability and a service life which are improved even if the lamp produces a short arc. The discharge lamp includes a light emitting bulb, sealing members disposed on both sides of the light emitting bulb, metal foils sealed in the sealing members, a pair of electrodes which are connected to the metal foils and have large-diameter portions formed on tips, coils disposed at the rear of the large-diameter portions of the electrodes, external conductors, and a discharge medium enclosed in the light emitting bulb.

Abstract: The discharge volume has an internal length L and a maximum diameter D at its center, with the discharge vessel being equipped with a light-emitting filling and with two electrodes at the ends of the discharge vessel, with the lamp being operated by means of high frequency such that an acoustic longitudinal mode is formed, with the wall thickness varying along the length L of the discharge volume, with the wall thickness S being thinnest at the center of the discharge vessel, while it is at least 1.2 S at an optimum point Popt, with the optimum point in each case being at a distance of {fraction (7/24)} L from the end of the discharge vessel.

Abstract: Arc tube (10) has a bulbous body (12) with a hollow center portion (14) and opposite ends (16, 18). Each of these ends has a cylindrical terminal-receiving section (20, 22) extending therefrom. The hollow center portion (14) has an internal length A and an internal diameter B that provides an aspect ratio of less than 5 and an outer surface area to inner surface area ratio, measured in square units, of less than 1.5. Electrodes (24) and (26) are hermetically sealed in the terminal-receiving sections (20, 22). The lamp uses less than 7 mgs of mercury. The low pressure operation allows the use of the arc tube in lamps without a shroud and the low mercury allow the lamp to pass TCLP requirement and be conventionally landfilled.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp which can suppress sputtering caused by electric discharge and reduce consumption of mercury so as to achieve a longer lifetime even if a lamp current is large and a lighting tube has a small diameter. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present invention is characterized in that a distance between the inner surface of the lighting tube and the outer surface of a cylindrical electrode is set such that electric discharge develops mainly on the inner surface of the cylindrical electrode. When the lighting tube has an inside diameter D1 of 1 to 6 mm and the maximum lamp current is 5 mA or more, an outside diameter D2 of the cylinder electrode is preferably set at D1−0.4 [mm]≦D2<D1.

Abstract: A ceramic body (14) for a discharge vessel (12) includes a central barrel portion (60) and two end plus (64, 66), which close opposite ends of the barrel. Main electrode (32, 34) and an initiator electrode 50 are supplied with power via conductors in leg members (70, 76, 72). In one embodiment, a first electrode 32 and the initiator electrode are supplied with current through two separate leg members. In another embodiment, a dual electrode leg member is provided with two bores (124, 126).

Abstract: A bent fluorescent lamp for backlighting a display providing uniform illumination. A fluorescent lamp is made from a tubular glass envelope having right angles. The right angles provide improved illumination of a plane surface for backlighting a liquid crystal display. The right angles eliminate dark regions in the illuminated surface. An electrode is positioned sufficiently far from a central portion of the lamp so that any dark spaces in the gas discharge of the fluorescent lamp, such as the Faraday dark space associated with a cathode of a lamp are not formed within the central portion. The central portion of the fluorescent lamp has a uniform brightness or intensity for backlighting a liquid crystal display. A method of forming a right-angled bend in a glass tube is also disclosed.

Abstract: Arc tube (10) has a bulbous body (12) with a hollow center portion (14) and opposite ends (16, 18). Each of these ends has a cylindrical terminal-receiving section (20, 22) extending therefrom. The hollow center portion (14) has an internal length A and an internal diameter B that provides an aspect ratio of less than 5 and an outer surface area to inner surface area ratio, measured in square units, of less than 1.5. Electrodes (24) and (26) are hermetically sealed in the terminal-receiving sections (20, 22). The lamp uses less than 7 mgs of mercury. The low pressure operation allows the use of the arc tube in lamps without a shroud and the low mercury allow the lamp to pass TCLP requirement and be conventionally landfilled.

Abstract: An arc tube for a discharge bulb is provided for use in a vehicular lighting system. The arc tube includes a closed glass bulb that is pinch-sealed at opposite ends. Inner ends of a first electrode and a second electrode extend into the closed glass bulbs from the ends of the closed glass bulb. The atmosphere inside the closed glass bulb includes a starting rare gas, a primary light-emitting metal halide, and optionally, a buffer metal halide. The distance between the inner ends of the electrodes is between about 0.3 and 1.8, and the inner diameter of the closed glass bulb at a middle portion is between about 1.5 mm and 2.7 mm. Accordingly, a stable discharge is produced using between 15 W and 30 W of power.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp includes: an arc tube having a light-emitting unit forming a discharge space therein, and two thin-tube units fitted into openings in both ends of the light-emitting unit; two electrode holding members provided through the thin-tube units so that one ends hold the electrodes and the other ends extend from one ends of the thin-tube units not facing the discharge space, and sealed to the thin-tube units via sealing members; and a metal tubular member through which the electrode and/or electrode holding member is inserted within the thin-tube units. Expressions “X≧0.0056P+0.194” and “0≦L≦0.44X” are satisfied, where “P” is lamp wattage [W], “X” distance [mm] from one end of the thin-tube unit facing the discharge space to one end of the coil facing the thin-tube unit, and “L” length [mm] of a part of the tubular member protruding into the discharge space.