Abstract: A mercury-free low-pressure lamp having a bulb is provided. The bulb includes an emissive material and one or more phosphors. The emissive material includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, wherein when the bulb is in a non-operational state, the emissive material condenses into a liquid or solid, and when the bulb is in an operational state the emissive material forms an emitter, the emitter in combination with one or more gases generate photons when excited by an electrical discharge. The one or more phosphors are configured to convert at least a portion of the photons to other visible wavelengths.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a mercury-free low-pressure lamp having a bulb. The bulb includes an emissive material and one or more phosphors. The emissive material includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, wherein when the bulb is in a non-operational state, the emissive material condenses into a liquid or solid, and when the bulb is in an operational state the emissive material forms an emitter, the emitter in combination with one or more gases generate photons when excited by an electrical discharge. The one or more phosphors are configured to convert at least a portion of the photons to other visible wavelengths.

Abstract: A discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (4), at least one electrode (22, 24) arranged within the discharge vessel, wherein at least parts of the electrode (22) are provided with a particle composite coating (32) made up of a matrix layer and particles embedded in the matrix layer, wherein the extinction coefficient k of the material for the matrix layer is less than 0.1 in the spectral range between 600 nm and 2 ?m, and wherein the extinction coefficient k of the material for the particles is greater than 0.1 in the spectral range between 600 nm and 2 ?m.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a discharge vessel, which contains: electrodes, at least one noble gas as a start gas, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, In, Mg, Tl, Hg, and Zn for arc transfer and discharge vessel wall heating, and at least one rare earth halide for the generation of radiation, which is configured such that the generated light is dominated by molecular radiation, wherein at least one member of a first group of rare earth halides is used together with at least one member of a second group of rare earth halides, the first group having the property that the color distance decreases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in a predetermined power interval, and the second group having the property that the color distance increases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in this predetermined power interval.

Abstract: A plasma display device and a method of manufacturing a plasma display panel (PDP) are provided. The method includes applying onto a substrate a black matrix paste for forming a black matrix and an electrode paste for forming an electrode; laminating a dielectric material on the substrate; and firing the black matrix paste, the electrode paste, and the dielectric material at the same time. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the manufacture of a PDP by firing electrodes, black matrices, and a dielectric material at the same time. In addition, it is possible to reduce the probability of the generation of air bubbles by appropriately reducing the amount of glass frit in a paste. Moreover, it is possible to enhance the efficiency of driving a PDP and the reliability of a plasma display device.

Abstract: A lamp assembly having a CFL light source includes an outer envelope received around the light source. The outer envelope includes a first enlarged portion dimensioned for receipt about the light source and a second narrowed portion adapted for connection with a lamp base. A platform receives a first end of the CFL light source and supports the CFL within the envelope, the platform including a tapered perimeter portion dimensioned for abutting engagement with an interior surface of the envelope.

Abstract: In a short arc type discharge lamp wherein a cathode and an anode are arranged oppositely to each other in an interior of a light emitting tube, said cathode having a portion with a decreasing diameter at a tip end thereof, and an emitter material buried in said cathode, such that said emitter material has an exposed portion being exposed in said cathode portion with a decreasing diameter, a distance in a radial direction of a center of said cathode from a periphery of the exposed portion of said emitter material varies in a circumferential direction, thus enabling the same electron radiation function as hitherto while reducing the use level of the emitter material.

Abstract: High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel, in which two electrodes and a light-emitting filling are contained, wherein capillaries are positioned at the ends of the discharge vessel, in which capillaries leadthroughs are sealed off, which leadthroughs are each connected to an electrode (15) consisting of tungsten. The electrode (15) is in the form of a pin and integrally comprises two parts (25, 26) having different diameters, wherein the first part (25) having a given diameter D1 forms the electrode tip, the second part (26) having a diameter D2 is positioned in the capillary, and the diameter D2 of the second part makes up at least 108% of the diameter D1 of the first part.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor light emitting diode (LED) comprises an n-type nitride semiconductor layer; an electron emitting layer formed on the n-type nitride semiconductor layer, the electron emitting layer being composed of a nitride semiconductor layer including a transition element of group III; an active layer formed on the electron emitting layer; and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the active layer.

Abstract: An electron emission thin-film with improved secondary electron emission characteristics compared with conventional ones, a plasma display panel including the electron emission thin-film, and their manufacturing methods. Using a vacuum deposition system, a protective layer that is an MgO thin-film is formed on a dielectric layer formed on a front glass substrate. At the time of deposition, angles that lines linking the central point of a target material for the protective layer respectively with the central point and both ends points of the front glass substrate form with the front glass substrate are exclusively in a range of 30 to 80 °. This enables at least some of MgO columnar crystals constituting the protective layer to have flat planes that are inclined with respect to the surface of the thinfilm.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb, a conductive element which is sealed at a sealing portion of the bulb, and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode is disposed in the quartz glass bulb so as to be opposite the other and connected to the conductive element. A part of each electrode is sealed with the quartz glass bulb at the sealing portion so as to generate a contacting portion formed by the part of each electrode and the bulb. The maximum length, Lmax, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmax (mm)?200/(P×D); and the minimum length, Lmin, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmin (mm)?0.8/(D2×?) or Lmin (mm)?0.7 whichever is longer, where D is the diameter (mm) of the electrode and P is the power (W) supplied to the electrode.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp comprises a lamp tube made of quartz glass and having a central portion formed in a spherical shape, and a pair of opposing tungsten electrodes inserted into the lamp tube. At least one of the tungsten electrodes is made of a tungsten material which contains more than 10 ppm of one of Co and Ni, or 10 ppm of Co and Ni in total, or a tungsten material which contains 20 ppm or more of at least two of Fe, Co and Ni in total, or a tungsten material which contains 20 ppm or more of Fe. Fe, Co and Ni belong to iron-group metals. The inter-electrode distance, i.e., distance between the leading ends of both tungsten electrodes is set to approximately 1-2 mm or less.

Abstract: An electron emissive composition comprises a barium tantalate composition in an amount of about 50 to about 95 wt %; and a ferroelectric oxide composition in an amount of about 5 to about 50 wt %, wherein the weight percents are based on the total weight of the barium tantalate composition and the ferroelectric oxide composition. A method for manufacturing an electron emissive composition comprises blending a barium tantalate composition in an amount of about 50 to about 95 wt % with a ferroelectric oxide composition in an amount of about 5 to about 50 wt % to form an electron emissive precursor composition, wherein the weight percents are based on the total weight of the barium tantalate composition and the ferroelectric oxide composition; and sintering the composition at a temperature of about 1000° C. to about 1700° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mercury short-arched-high pressure discharge lamp (1) which operates with direct-current, comprising a discharge vessel (2) having two necks (4) arranged in a diametrical manner opposite each other, wherein an anode (26) and a cathode (7), made respectively from tungsten, are melted in a gas-tight manner and said vessel is filled with mercury and at least one inert gas. According to the invention, the material of the cathode tip (11) contains, in addition to the tungsten, lanthanum oxide La2O3 and the mercury content of the filling in the discharging vessel volume is at least 1 mg/cm3 and at the most 6 mg/cm3.

Abstract: An emission mix slurry for coating fluorescent lamp electrodes is provided having a suspension medium of polyethylene glycol 200, and a mixture of calcium-, strontium-, and barium carbonate powder as suspended solids. In another embodiment, the suspension medium is primarily water. The slurry is formulated such that upon activation, the carbonates are oxidized to their corresponding oxides to form the emission mix oxide coating while the polyethylene glycol suspension medium is cleanly oxidized evolving substantially only CO2 and H2O vapor. A method for preparing the emission mix slurry is also provided.

Abstract: The adhesion of a sputter-resistant layer is improved by providing the layer with a fairly high quantity of glass frit, in which the frit and the sputter-resistant material have a mass ratio Mfrit/Msrm of 0.9 or more.

Abstract: Low work function materials are disclosed together with methods for their manufacture and integration with electrodes used in thermionic conversion applications (specifically microminiature thermionic conversion applications). The materials include a mixed oxide system and metal in a compositionally modulated structure comprised of localized discontinuous structures of material that are deposited using techniques suited to IC manufacture, such as rf sputtering or CVD. The structures, which can include layers are then heated to coalescence yielding a thin film that is both durable and capable of electron emission under thermionic conversion conditions used for microminiature thermionic converters. Using the principles of the invention, thin film electrodes (emitters and collectors) required for microconverter technology are manufactured using a single process deposition so as to allow for full fabrication integration consistent with batch processing, and tailoring of emission/collection properties.

Abstract: A direct-current-lighting, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp that is resistant to loss of transparency even after being lit for a long period, and has little wastage of electrodes and particularly the cathode tip, and also exhibits a long service life. The direct-current ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp includes a cathode and anode of tungsten facing each other within a quartz glass tube, and a cathode coil which is wrapped around the cathode. The cathode is composed of tungsten doped with potassium, and the anode is composed of tungsten having a purity of at least 99.99%. The cathode coil can also be advantageously formed of tungsten having a purity of at least 99.99%.

Abstract: The metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel (4) has sealing means at its two ends (6), an electrically conductive lead-through (9, 10; 30) being guided through these means in a vacuum-tight manner, to which lead-through an electrode (14) with a shank (15) is attached, which electrode projects into the interior of the discharge vessel. At least a front part, which faces toward the discharge, is designed as a component made from electrically conductive cermet which comprises a halide-resistant metallic phase and a ceramic phase of a ceramic base material. The fill comprises at least one halide of a rare-earth metal. At least on the front side of the component, at least part of the ceramic phase comprises the combination of the ceramic base material and one or more rare-earth metal oxides.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for a ceramic electrode fluorescent discharge lamp; an electrode material for a discharge lamp, which has high electron flow density, high thermal shock resistance, and reduced deterioration due to sputtering; and also a method for manufacturing the same. The invention makes it possible to reduce the tube diameter of the ceramic electrode fluorescent discharge lamp. An electrode material for a discharge lamp is obtained from a first component of 0.5 to 1.5 mols of BaO, CaO or SrO, a second component of 0.05 to less than 0.3 mols or more than 0.7 to 0.95 mols of ZrO2 or TiO2, and a third component of 0.025 to less than 0.3 mols of V2O5, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, Sc2O3, Y2O3, La2O3, Dy2O3, or Ho2O3, or 0.05 to less than 0.15 mols or more than 0.35 to 0.95 mols of HfO2, CrO3, MoO3 or WO3. This electrode material is granulated and is turned into a massive, granular, or porous electrode material.

Abstract: A mercury lamp of the short arc type with a high degree of maintenance of irradiance is achieved in a mercury lamp of the short arc type by the cathode containing thorium oxide and having a tungsten carbide layer on its surface except at tip end area, by at least one of the cathode or anode being provided with metallic tantalum, and by the condition 1.56.ltoreq.VT/SC being satisfied, where SC is the area of the tungsten carbide layer (cm.sup.2) and VT is the volume of the metallic tantalum (mm.sup.3). Alternatively, a high degree of maintenance of irradiance can be achieved in a mercury lamp of the short arc type by the condition 0.043.ltoreq.VT/VW being satisfied, where VW is the volume of the anode (cm.sup.3) and VT is the volume of the tantalum in the lamp bulb (mm.sup.3).

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element ("organic EL element") capable of emitting light with high luminance by driving at a low voltage, and inhibiting deterioration in organic layers is provided. A surface treatment of an indiumtin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode with a titanate coupling agent containing phosphorus in the side chain thereof improves adhesion between the ITO transparent electrode and an organic hole transport layer. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of injection of holes, improve low-voltage driving and luminance, and prevent deterioration in the organic layers.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp of the invention is provided with a gas-tight discharge vessel (10) which contains an ionizable filling. Electrodes are arranged inside At least one of the electrodes has a tungsten coil (20.sub.A) which is electrically connected to current supply conductors (30.sub.A, 30.sub.A ') which extend to outside the discharge vessel (10). The coil (20.sub.A) has a central zone (21.sub.A) covered with an electron-emitting material (22.sub.A) and, on either side, boundary zones (23.sub.A, 23.sub.A ') between the central zone (21.sub.A) and respective current supply conductors (30.sub.A, 30.sub.A '). The boundary zones (23.sub.A, 23.sub.A ') having a covering (24.sub.A, 24.sub.A ') of a protective material, comprising a ceramic material having a specific resistance less than 1000 .mu..OMEGA..cm.

Abstract: A lamp for emitting in the visible portion of the spectrum, which utilizes a fill which includes a selenium and/or a sulfur containing substance. The lamp has superior performance characteristics. Special electrode structures are provided which enhance longevity.

Abstract: An arc lamp having a sealed lamp tube with electrodes to either side of a septum. The septum extends through the length of the arc chamber. An emissions chamber extends from the end of the arc chamber without the septum. A window at the end of the emissions chamber is displaced from the end of the septum and from the arc chamber itself by a sufficient distance so that magnesium diffusing from the electrodes does not darken the surface. The magnesium electrodes are slugs encased within high temperature cells open at one end.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is provided with a radiation-transmitting discharge vessel which encloses a discharge space containing an ionizable filling in a gastight manner, and electrodes arranged in the discharge space between which a discharge path extends. At least one of the electrodes is a sintered mixture of metal and ceramic material, the proportional quantity of metal in the mixture being small compared with the proportional quantity of ceramic material. The sintered mixture includes smaller ceramic particles with a modal diameter D1 and larger ceramic particles with a modal diameter D2, the ratio D2/D1 being at least 3, while the proportional volume of the smaller ceramic particles is small compared with that of the larger ceramic particles. In the lamp according to the invention, the electrodes have a comparatively high resistance to temperature variations in spite of the small proportional volume of metal particles.

Abstract: In a DC gas discharge type image display apparatus including: a front glass substrate; a rear glass substrate facing the front glass substrate, interposing a discharge gas therebetween; a set of anodes including a plurality of line electrodes formed on the rear glass substrate; a set of cathodes including a plurality of line electrodes placed on the front glass substrate so as to perpendicularly cross the set of anodes; and a plurality of discharge cells, each being provided so as to correspond to each of the cross points of the set of anodes and the set of cathodes, the apparatus being driven in a refresh driving method or a memory driving method, the set of cathodes are formed by a spraying method. The cathodes are made from aluminum, nickel, an aluminum alloy or a nickel alloy. The discharge gas is a mixed gas of He and Xe.

Abstract: A xenon electronic flash tube has a transparent glass tube body. Xe gas is enclosed in the tube body. An anode is projected inside the tube body. A cathode, inside the tube body, is projected toward the anode, and includes base metal material and a Cs compound having a characteristic of emitting electrons, such as Cs.sub.2 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.6.

Abstract: A fluorescent low pressure discharge lamp is provided with axially mounted cold-cathode electrodes consisting of a sintered shaped mixture of inorganic material including about 50-90% by weight of tungsten and the remainder BaO or a mixture of BaO, CaO and SrO and oxides of Y, Zr or Hf or the rare earths. The electrodes have a uniform density throughout with a porosity of less than 10%.

Abstract: An electron emitting, barium hafnate material for arc discharge lamp electrodes is manufactured by the method comprising the steps of: forming a mixture of barium carbonate and hafnium oxide in a 48 to 52 mole ratio; adding the mixture to a suitable carrier to form a slurry; ball milling the slurry for about 2 hours to form a powder mix; drying the powder mix; firing the dried powder mix in air at about 1500.degree. C. for about 22 hours to produce a product; and vibration milling the product in methanol with zirconia media to produce the barium hafnate. The latter material is then preferably vacuum impregnated into a tungsten electrode and hydrogen fired to produce a single phase barium oxide/hafnium oxide compound.

Abstract: The high-pressure metal halide discharge lamp has tungsten electrodes in a light-transmitting lamp vessel which is closed in a vacuumtight manner. The electrodes comprise an emitter which is distributed throughout their mass and is formed by a first oxide chosen from hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide and by a second oxide chosen from yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide and scandium oxide, and are substantially free from thorium oxide. The lamp retains its initial light output to a high degree throughout its life.

Abstract: A filling composition consisting essentially of about 20-75% by volume of xenon gas and about 15-80% by volume of nitrogen gas exhibits excellent luminous characteristics and an extended life expectancy but hardly causes arc discharge when enclosed in incandescent lamp. Incandescent lamps using the filling composition emit a light which is natural, appropriately high in color temperature, excellent in color rendering properties and gentle to the eye when operated at a voltage exceeding their rating but not exceeding 150% thereof.

Abstract: In a mercury vapor arc discharge tube having a pair of electrodes, an emissive material disposed on the electrodes consists essentially of a single phase compound of Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x Y.sub.2 O.sub.4 where x is from about 0.25 to about 0.95.

Abstract: A discharge tube includes a pair of electrode devices mounted within a discharge tube body in an opposed relation to each other, each of the pair of electrode devices including an arc discharge electrode and a glow discharge electrode. An electron-radiating substance vaporized and emitted in a scattered manner from the arc discharge electrode is captured by the glow discharge electrode. The arc discharge electrode is composed of a sintered body containing the electron-radiating substance therein.

Abstract: A fluorescent low pressure discharge lamp is provided with a sintered electrode consisting of about 50% to 90% by weight of W and the remainder BaO or a mixture of BaO, CaO and SrO and an oxide of Y, Zr, Hf or an oxide of the rare earths.

Abstract: An emissive material for use in a vapor discharge device including reacted Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x Y.sub.2 O.sub.4 wherein X satisfies the following: 1>X.gtoreq.0. A vapor discharge device is provided having an arc tube which includes electrodes therein coated with such emissive material.

Abstract: To prevent the formation of melt-back slugs or granules on electrodes of h pressure, high power discharge lamps, when the lamps are operated under alternating current conditions of between about 20 to 60 A, for example, the electrodes are terminated in regions of decreasing diameter and, in accordance with the invention, comprise tungsten doped with lanthanum oxide (La.sub.2 O.sub.3) between about 0.5 to 2%, by weight, preferably about 1%. The doping intensity may increase towards the inside region of the electrode.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode for a gas filled tube is fabricated from a porous metal material impregnated with an electron emitting material and has on an emitting surface at least one geometric aperture of a given depth and width and having steep vertical walls which serve to compensate for the deleterious effects of ion back bombardment.

Abstract: A tungsten-iridium billet is impregnated with a chemical mixture of barium xide, strontium oxide, and aluminum oxide, the impregnated billet heated, and the surface of the impregnated billet desired for emission exposed to an overcoating of rhodium.

Abstract: A pulsed metal halide arc discharge light source comprising a hermetically sealed light transmissive envelope with an anode and cathode protruding therein and an emissive material including at least one recrystallized metal halide salt covering the cathode. There is no mercury in the emissive material. During an application of a short-duration electrical pulse across the anode and cathode in a preferred embodiment of the invention, bright colored light is emitted from the lamp, the color of such emission being determined in large part by the choice of the metal halide salt or combination of metal halide salts employed in the emissive material and the duration of the electrical pulse, and the temperature of the emissive material remains less than one hundred degrees Centigrade. A lamp in accordance with the invention is particularly well suited for use as a signal lamp, such as a navigational beacon.

Abstract: In an arc tube for a high intensity metal halide discharge lamp, a particular composition of metal halide dose is provided to control thorium transport to the electrodes within the arc tube and tungsten transport to the wall to improve arc tube performance.

Abstract: An impregnated cathode comprising a refractory porous body whose pore parts are impregnated with an electron emissive material including barium and a thin film layer comprising tungsten, scandium and/or an oxide of scandium, deposited on the surface of the refractory porous body, characterized in that the thin film layer contains an oxide of tungsten, and/or an oxide of tungsten and scandium, has a distinguished electron emission property and a long life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an impregnated cathode produced by attaching at least two layered thin films, the thin films comprising an under layer consisting of a high melting point metal thin film composed of, for example, Os, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, Re, Mo, W, Ta, etc., and an over layer consisting of a high melting point metal layer which contains Sc.sub.2 O.sub.3 and which is placed over the layer, on the surface of the impregnated cathode pellet generated by impregnating a refractory porous base body with electron emissive materials. The invention relates also to an electron tube having this cathode. This cathode maintains a low work functional mono-layer stably for a long period of time on its surface.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel adapted for effecting display by a plurality of gas discharge elements arranged in a matrix has a cathode formed by coating the substrate surface with a (100) preferred film of a rare earth hexaboride such as LaB.sub.6. The gas discharge display panel can be driven at relatively low voltage.

Abstract: High pressure sodium lamps have been subject to progressive reduction in pressure of contained sodium with attendant reduction in lighting quality. It has now been discovered that modification of lamp components permits the pressure of contained sodium to be maintained at higher levels. Emission materials enclosed within the lamp are altered to limit reactive oxygen in the lamp atmosphere. A thermionic electrode is equipped with an improved emission mix composition containing an oxide selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum and yttrium. The emission mix also contains the metal of the respective oxide in finely divided form.

Abstract: High pressure sodium lamps have been subject to progressive reduction in pressure of contained sodium with attendant reduction in lighting quality. It has now been discovered that modification of lamp components permits the pressure of contained sodium to be maintained at higher levels. Emission materials enclosed within the lamp are altered to limit reactive oxygen in the lamp atmosphere. A thermionic electrode is equipped with an improved emission mix composition as illustrated in areas A and B of the triaxial plot of FIG. 3 and an oxygen getter is intermixed with the mix composition. The oxygen getter is a metal which forms a highly stable oxide and may be at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum and yttrium.

Abstract: High pressure sodium lamps have been subject to progressive reduction in pressure of contained sodium with attendant reduction in lighting quality. It has been discovered that modification of lamp components permits the pressure of contained sodium to be maintained at higher levels. Emission materials enclosed within the lamp are altered to limit reactive oxygen in the lamp atmosphere. A thermionic electrode as equipped with an improved emission composition as illustrated in areas B and C of the triaxial plot of FIG. 3.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of producing a discharge display device which enables formation of a satisfactory LaB.sub.6 cathode without using a LaB.sub.6 paste containing a glass binder. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of applying a conductive paste containing a glass binder, temporarily drying said conductive paste to form a conductive paste layer, forming a LaB.sub.6 layer containing no glass binder on said conductive paste layer, burning said conductive paste layer and said LaB.sub.6 layer, at the same time, and activating said LaB.sub.6 layer after being burnt, and after an exhausting step by gas discharge with large current to form a LaB.sub.6 cathode.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of producing a discharge display device which enables a LaB.sub.6 cathode to be formed by a thick-film printing method. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of applying a paste prepared by mixing LaB.sub.6 powder with alkali glass powder in a proportion of 20-40 wt. % with respect to the LaB.sub.6 powder to a base electrode, burning the paste, and activating the paste by gas discharge with large current after an exhaustion step to form a LaB.sub.6 cathode on the base electrode.

Abstract: An electrode structure for sodium vapor lamps is disclosed having molybdenum metal wire coils wound around a tungsten shank to replace the customary all-tungsten electrode structure in these lamps. The improved electrode structures provide increased initial lumens with acceptable lumen maintenance.