Abstract: The present invention provides glass for a fluorescent lamp, comprising: CeO2 of 0.1% to 1.0%, Sb2O3 of 0.05% or lower, SiO2 of 60% to 75%, Al2O3 of 0.5% to 10%, B2O3 of 0% to 5%, CaO of 0% to 8%, MgO of 0% to 8%, SrO of 0% to 15%, BaO of 1% to 12%, R2O of 13% to 22% (R represents Li, Na or K), Fe2O3 of 0% to 0.2%, TiO2 of 0% to 1.0%, and PbO of 0.05% or lower, the percent each being by mass; a glass tube for a fluorescent lamp comprises the above glass; and a fluorescent lamp comprises the above glass tube as an envelope.

Abstract: A phosphor layer is composed of tri-band phosphor particles bound together by a binder. A material as the main component of the binder is a mixture of (1) a compound formed by calcium oxide, barium oxide, and boron oxide, and (2) calcium pyrophosphate. Dissolved in the main component material of the binder is a luminescent component that converts ultraviolet radiation of 254 nm to ultraviolet radiation of longer wavelengths or to visible light. Examples of such a luminescent component include an oxide of gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), europium (Eu), neodymium (Nd), or dysprosium (Dy), each of which belongs to lanthanum series, and an oxide of thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), or bismuth (Bi).

Abstract: An arc tube body 20 and a foil such as molybdenum foil 30 are joined with each other such that a compressive stress of 105 N/m2 or more remains at an ordinary temperature in the arc tube body 20 along a junction surface. The compressive stress is always generated on the arc tube body 20 even if a fluctuation in the stress is caused on the junction surface by the repetition of the ON/OFF of the arc tube (or a tensile stress is caused to have a very small value even if the compressive stress and the tensile stress are alternately generated). Thus, the junction strength of both members may be increased. In one embodiment, a plurality of cracks (intercrystalline cracks) may be generated on the molybdenum foil 30 by a high pressure acting during pinch seal, and quartz glass is caused to enter the cracks so that the junction strength of both members can be increased.

Abstract: A compact fused silica, electroded HID lamp for automotive forward lighting, which contains no mercury. The lamps voltage, approximately 40 volts, is developed in this lamp by vaporizing zinc iodide instead of mercury. A compromise between voltage and luminous flux is achieved through the choice of the sodium scandium (Na:Sc) molar ratio, between 4.5:1 and 6:1 and a zinc iodide (ZnI2) dose of 2 to 6 micrograms per cubic millimeter that permits the lamp to operate within the North America, European and Japanese automotive color specifications for white light. The voltage in the lamp can be controlled according to the zinc iodide doping level without seriously impacting the visible spectrum otherwise provided by the other known dopants in the lamp.

Abstract: A transparent polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic is described wherein the ceramic is colorless and transparent in both as-sintered and post-sinter, air-fired states which makes it highly desirable for lamp applications. The transparent YAG ceramic is co-doped with an amount of MgO and an amount of ZrO2 wherein the weight ratio of MgO to ZrO2 is from about 1.5:1 to 3:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to an essentially lead free glass. The lead free glass is suitable for making glass tubes and glass tubes for electric lamps in particular. The essentially lead free glass is characterized by having the lead oxide of a lead glass replaced by 1.0-3.0% by weight of lithium oxide. The ultraviolet radiation absorption of the glass is improved for wavelengths shorter than 320 nm. by the presence of 0.1-0.3% by weight of cerium oxide (CeO2) and 0.05-0.15% by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO2). With such an essentially lead free glass the transmittance of visible radiation may also be improved.

Abstract: A discharge bulb comprising an arc tube body having such a structure that a shroud glass having metal oxide (Al2O3, CeO2) added thereto is attached integrally to surround an arc tube sealing Hg, NaI, ScI and Xe gases. A total amount of addition of the metal oxide in the shroud glass is set to be 4000 ppm or more which is effective for fulfilling an electrostatic shielding function for an external electric field and less than 7000 ppm which can hold the excellent molding property of the shroud glass.

Abstract: A discharge lamp is disclosed comprising an enclosed discharge vessel for the generation of an electrical discharge and a casing made of glass which surrounds the discharge vessel. In order to achieve as constant properties as possible over the service life of the lamp, it is proposed that the glass material of the casing be doped with sodium in a concentration of at least 10 ppm, and preferably at least 30 ppm. According to a further embodiment, it is proposed that other alkali metals (except for sodium) be contained in a maximum concentration of 25 ppm. Surprisingly, by the appropriate choice of the outer bulb, not in direct contact with the actual discharge, the diffusion of sodium from the discharge vessel is reduced. In addition to this, the material of the outer bulb has a reduced inclination to crystallization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a long-life discharge lamp by removing the causes of lowering the service life of the discharge lamp owing to quartz glass constituting the discharge lamp and a gas sealed therein, and also provides a discharge lamp production method wherein the mixing of impurities affecting the service life of the discharge lamp is prevented. In the discharge lamp the content of hydrogen, oxygen and their compounds existing in the light-emitting portion is such that the maximum intensity of the light-emitting spectral intensities of the above impurities is {fraction (1/1000)} or less of the intensity of the main light-emitting spectrum of the noble gas when glow discharge occurs by supplying a current of 3 mA, and also the content of OH groups included in the quartz glass of the sealing portions is 5 ppm or less by weight.

Abstract: An ultra-high pressure discharge lamp in which the disadvantage of the reduction of the illuminance maintenance factor due to formation of blackening and milky opacification in the discharge vessel and the disadvantage of formation of cracks in the discharge vessel is eliminated by the discharge vessel being made of a silica glass that contains 0.1 ppm by weight to 290 ppm by weight hydrogen. Further advantages are obtained by the silica glass having a content of OH radicals that is at most 1 ppm by weight and a content of aluminum in a range of 2 ppm by weight to 30 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A short arc lamp is optimized for improved thermal performance characteristics. The short arc lamp includes a ceramic body having a concave reflective surface formed in an upper end thereof, a base adapted to receive the base end of the ceramic body in abutting relation, and a window frame assembly positioned in abutting concentric relation with the upper end of the ceramic body. In particular, the ceramic body is formed from beryllia (beryllium oxide) which has superior thermal transfer characteristics. The lamp is further provided with a specialized coating which help keep infra-red (IR) light energy from escaping from the lamp. In one instance, the coating is an IR reflective coating placed on the window of the lamp to reflect IR light energy back into the lamp where it can be conducted outwardly through the beryllium oxide body and base.

Abstract: Low-pressure gas discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel (1) enclosing a discharge space provided with a gas filling in a gastight manner, the discharge vessel (1) having tubular end portions each with a capacitive coupling element (2) made from an electrically insulating material for producing and maintaining a discharge in the discharge space. The lamp is structurally confined to prevent the occurrence of (hair) cracks in a wall of the discharge vessel as a result of piezoelectric properties of the electrically insulating material.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb, a conductive element which is sealed at a sealing portion of the bulb, and a pair of electrodes. Each electrode is disposed in the quartz glass bulb so as to be opposite the other and connected to the conductive element. A part of each electrode is sealed with the quartz glass bulb at the sealing portion so as to generate a contacting portion formed by the part of each electrode and the bulb. The maximum length, Lmax, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmax (mm)≦200/(P×D); and the minimum length, Lmin, of the contacting portion is defined as: Lmin (mm)≧0.8/(D2×&pgr;) or Lmin (mm)≧0.7 whichever is longer, where D is the diameter (mm) of the electrode and P is the power (W) supplied to the electrode.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed lamp having at least one seal-material-free bond. The seal material-free bond may be a material diffusion bond, a mechanically deformed bond such as a cold weld or crimp, a focused heat bond such as a laser bond, or any other such bond. For example, the hermetically sealed lamp may have one or more endcaps diffusion bonded to an arc envelope, such as a ceramic tube or bulb. The hermetically sealed lamp also may have one or more tubular structures, such as dosing tubes, which are mechanically closed via cold welding or crimping. Localized heating, such as the heat provided by an intense laser, also may be used to enhance any of the foregoing bonds.

Abstract: A lighting system includes a fluorescent lamp 4 and a main body 1 for attaching the fluorescent lamp 4 thereto. The main body 1 is provided with a socket assembly 6 for the attachment of the fluorescent lamp 4, and an electronic ballast 7 for operating the fluorescent lamp 4 at dimmed levels (as well as at the full light level). The fluorescent lamp 4 is composed of a discharge tube formed of four U-shaped glass tubes that are connected together to form a square in plan view. Each glass tube has an inner diameter of 13.5 mm, and the discharge tube is filled with a rare gas containing neon and argon (at 50:50 ratio by volume). When operating the fluorescent lamp 4 at the full light level, the electronic ballast 7 applies the nominal lamp current of 0.43 A.

Abstract: A ceramic envelope for a high intensity discharge lamp employs the ceramic envelope obtained by integrally forming each electrode insertion section and at least an end portion of a barrel section. An elliptical barrel section forms a discharge space and capillary sections are for insetting and fixing a discharge electrode. Further, the capillary sections protrude outwardly from both ends of the barrel section, while facing each other. The ceramic envelope mainly consists of alumina and is burned to exhibit light transmittable properties. Moreover, a boundary of the end portion corresponding to a corner of the discharge space, between the barrel section and each of the capillary sections is formed to have a radius of curvature of 1.0 mm. The ceramic envelope is capable of reducing light color changes of the discharge lamp and is capable of extending the service life of the lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to electric lamps and more particularly to automotive signal lamps. Lead-free, cadmium-free, sulfate-refined glass compositions are described for use in electric lamps, which glass is amber colored and comprises no toxic or forbidden components which could be harmful to the environment such as lead oxide, antimony oxide, selenium or cadmium.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for sealing arc tubes while preventing cracking of the tube. The method comprises sealing a pair of electrodes on the arc tube in a furnace. A heat shield structure is used to reduce the thermal gradient generated by the sealing process. The heat shield comprises alternating layers of thermally conducting materials and thermally non-conducting materials.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide integrated plasma lamp (DWIPL) with a body consisting essentially of at least one dielectric material having a dielectric constant greater than approximately 2, and having a shape and dimensions such that the body resonates in at least one resonant mode when microwave energy of an appropriate frequency is coupled into the body. A bulb positioned in a cavity within the body contains a gas-fill which when receiving energy from the resonating body forms a light-emitting plasma.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a polycrystalline transparent sintered alumina body suitable for use in a ceramic envelope for a high intensity discharge lamp, with optimized kinds and amounts of sintering aids. First, adding and mixing, to alumina of a purity of 99.9% or higher, MgO within a range from 0.002 to 0.010 wt. % and La2O3 within a range from 0.005 to 0.020 wt. %, in such a manner that a sum of MgO and La2O3 is 0.030 wt. % or less and that a ratio thereof satisfies a relation 0.2≦MgO/La2O3≦0.5. Next, firing a mixture at 900 to 1200° C. and cast molding the fired alumina. Then, after a chelating treatment, sintering the molded alumina for at least 1 hour at 1650 to 1900° C. in a reducing atmosphere under a normal pressure.

Abstract: A discharge lamp includes a luminous bulb in which a luminous material is enclosed and a pair of electrodes are opposed to each other in the luminous bulb; and a pair of sealing portions for sealing a pair of metal foils electrically connected to the pair of electrodes, respectively. Each of the pair of metal foils has an external lead on a side opposite to a side electrically connected to a corresponding electrode of the pair of electrodes. At least one of the pair of sealing portions is provided with a reflective film on a surface of the sealing portion in a portion where a connection portion of the external lead and the metal foil is sealed. The reflective film contains a material having a reflectance larger than that of a material constituting the sealing portion.

Abstract: A discharge vessel with an excimer fill comprises a cap, electrodes and a fill having at least one noble gas and a halogen, which, when the lamp is operating, together form an excimer, the discharge vessel being manufactured from quartz glass. The inner wall of the discharge vessel is completely covered with a passivation layer of a metal oxide of the metals Al, Hf, Y or Sc or the mixed oxides thereof, the layer having an amorphous structure and its layer thickness being 20 to 200 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light bulb comprising a base BA to which a filament FIL is connected, which filament is intended to emit a luminous radiation and has turns arranged in spiraling fashion around an axis of revolution AX. According to the invention, the light bulb in addition comprises a plurality of hooks H1, H2, and H3, each being in contact with one of the turns of the filament, and being connected to the base BA by means of a support SUP. The invention enables to keep the filament FIL securely in position, which reduces the risk that several turns of said filament will come into contact with the support SUP, thus creating a destructive short-circuit.

Abstract: Discharge lamp includes a synthetic quartz glass tube having an inside diameter of 8 mm or over and a pair of filaments provided within and at opposite ends of the glass tube with an L (cm) filament-to-filament distance, and rare gas and metal including at least mercury are sealed in the interior of the glass tube. Lamp voltage V (V) and lamp current I (A) during illumination of the discharge lamp, filament-to-filament distance L (cm) and inside diameter D (cm) of the glass tube have relationship represented by the following mathematical expression. Namely, (V−Vf)/L=X/({square root over ( )}D·{square root over ( )}I) and 2.6≦X≦4.2, where Vf is a constant factor depending solely on a illuminating power source and where that if the discharge lamp is illuminated by a high-frequency power source of 1 kHz or over, Vf is 10, but if the discharge lamp is illuminated by a power source of 1 kHz or below, Vf is 50.

Abstract: The invention relates to low-alkali or alkali-free alkaline-earth aluminoborosilicate glasses of the following composition (in wt.-% on an oxide basis) SiO2>49-65; B2O3 0.5-4.5; Al2O3>10-23; MgO>2.7-7; CaO 0.5-10; SrO>15-22; BaO 0.5-7; provided that MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO>20-35; SnO2 0-2; ZrO2 0-2; ZrO2 0-2; TiO20-2; CeO20-1.5; ZnO 0-1; Na2O 0-2; K2O 0-2; provided that Na2O+K2O equals 0-3. The inventive glasses are especially suitable for use as substrates in thin film photovoltaic technology and as glasses for bulbs.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at a family of glasses capable of absorbing UV radiation and filtering yellow light in the visible region of the spectrum, the family of glasses having a composition consisting essentially, in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of: 55-95.7% SiO2, 0-28% B2O3, 0.5-18% Al2O3, 0-4% SrO, 0-13% BaO, 0-13% CaO, 0-8% MgO, 0-7.5% Na2O, 0-9.5% K2O, 0-1.5% Li2O, 0-1.5% Sb2O3, 0.4-4.5% Nd2O3, and 0.1-1% CeO2. Glasses of the present invention are capable of employment as envelopes for tungsten-halogen lamps and other high temperature light sources, as well as sealed-beam incandescent headlights. Also, the glasses can be used as for other applications where high contrast and enhanced visible properties of transmitted or reflected visible light can be a benefit, such as opthalmic glass, computer screens with enhanced contrast properties, or glass hosts for lasers.

Abstract: An arc tube is formed by polycrystalline alumina so that an average crystal grain diameter of a surface is two to ten times as large as an average crystal grain diameter of an inside including a center line of a thickness and the average crystal grain diameter on the center portion of the thickness is 10 &mgr;m to 100 &mgr;m. As a result, in the arc tube, the total transmittance is 98%, and a linear ray transmittance is 5%.

Abstract: An alkaline-earth aluminosilicate glass having a composition (in % by weight, based on oxide) of SiO2>55 - 64; Al2O3 13 - 18; B2O3 0 - 5.5; M5O 0 - 7; CaO 5.5 - 14; SrO 0 - 8; BaO 6 - 17; ZrO2 0 - 2; CeO2 0 - 0.3; TiO2 0 - 0.5; CoO 0.01 - 0.035; Fe2O3 0.005 - 0.05; and NiO 0 - 0.

Abstract: A glass for covering electrodes, which consists, as represented by mass percentage based on the following oxides, essentially of: Mass percentage PbO 44 to 68% Bi2O3 0 to 18%, B2O3 19 to 23%, SiO2 1.2 to 5%, Al2O3 2 to 6%, ZnO 4 to 9%, CuO 0.1 to 0.5%, In2O3 1.1 to 2%, SnO2 0 to 1%, and CeO2 0 to 1%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a discharge lamp with a discharge vessel of silica glass which has a higher operating pressure than atmospheric pressure, where the high temperature viscosity (VA) in the outer surface area of the arc tube portion of the discharge vessel is lower than the high temperature viscosity (VB) at a depth of 100 microns from the outer surface of the arc tube portion. Since the high temperature viscosity (VA) in the outer surface area of the arc tube portion of the discharge vessel is lower than the high temperature viscosity (VB) at a depth of 100 microns from the outer surface of the arc tube portion, formation of thermal distortion in the vicinity of the outer surface of the arc tube portion can be suppressed. This prevents the discharge vessel from being damaged or from breaking by thermal distortion even after operation for a long time.

Abstract: A ceramic discharge chamber for a lamp, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, comprises a first member which includes a leg portion and a transition portion, wherein the leg portion and the transition portion are integrally formed as one piece from a ceramic material, and a second member which includes a body portion, wherein the body portion is bonded to the transition portion of the first member. The ceramic discharge chamber can be formed by injection molding a ceramic material to form the first member, the first member forming a first portion of the ceramic discharge chamber; and bonding the first member to a second member which forms a second portion of the ceramic discharge chamber. The members which form the ceramic discharge chamber can greatly facilitate assembly of the discharge chamber, because the discharge chamber can be constructed with only one or two bonds between the members.

Abstract: The electric lamp comprises a lamp vessel (1) and an electric element (4). The electric element (4) is electrically connected to the outside via a current feedthrough (8) which comprises a molybdenum gauze as a metal sealing part (6). The risks of too strong oxidation of the metal sealing part and of excessive tensile stresses in the seal are both decreased when the molybdenum gauze (6) is used, hence the safety of the lamp is increased.

Abstract: A light modifying material composed of ethylene/butene-1 copolymer or propylene homopolymer or a combination of the two, and lighting devices using the material in a light transmitting cover (20). It is preferred that the light source (10) for the devices is a semiconductor or light emitting diode (LED), to produce an energy efficient light source.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp comprises a light-transmitting glass tube having a softening temperature of about 685 degrees centigrade or less, which is formed into a predetermined shape from a straight glass tube heated after a phosphor layer has been coated on its inner surface. The light-transmitting glass tube does not substantially include lead (Pb) but may include: about 2 to about 5 weight % calcium oxide (CaO), and about 1 to about 3 weight % magnesium oxide (MgO). A stem, having an electrode, is arranged at each end of the light-transmitting glass tube. The fluorescent lamp may be used in a lighting fixture.

Abstract: An electric lamp comprising a lamp vessel (1) which is sealed in a gastight manner to a sleeve (9) by means of a sealing glass (12). The sealing glass (12) comprises, as calculated in % by weight on an oxide basis: 33-70% SiO2, 10-35% Al2O3, 0-10% B2O3, 33-70% SiO2+B2O3, 10-35% Al2O3+B2O3, 0-10% P2O5 and finally a 10-40% copperoxide as an infrared absorbing material. The sealing glass (12) has favorable properties which improve the lamp properties, as regards the annealing and softening points of the sealing glass (12) and suppression of a tendency of the sealing glass to devitrify. The risk of devitrification and deterioration of the gastight seal between glass bodies (1, 9) and an untimely failure of the lamp is thus counteracted.

Abstract: A mercury vapor discharge fluorescent lamp is provided having a single composite phosphor-containing layer. The composite layer contains both a heterogeneous mixture of halophosphors, rare earth triphosphors and colloidal alumina particles. The coating weight and relative proportion of halophosphors to triphosphors are both tunable to obtain a lamp having specific performance characteristics suitable to a particular application. The colloidal alumina particles contained in the composite layer eliminate the need for a separately applied alumina layer as is conventional in the prior art.

Abstract: For environmental protection, a glass composition for lamps that can suppress the consumption of mercury by the glass is provided. An embodiment of the glass composition consists essentially of, expressed in percentages by weight: SiO2: 65-75, Al2O3: 0.5-4, Na2O: 1-8, K2O: 1-8, Li2O: 0-2, MgO: 0.5-5, CaO: 1-8, SrO: 1-7, BaO: 3.5-7, B2O3: 0-3, Sb2O3: 0-1, Fe2O3: 0-0.2, TiO2: 0-1, CeO2: 0-1; and the total amount of Na2O, K2O and Li2O is not more than 13 weight %. The glass composition is substantially free of lead.

Abstract: A discharge vessel with an excimer fill comprises a cap, electrodes and a fill having at least one noble gas and a halogen, which, when the lamp is operating, together form an excimer, the discharge vessel being manufactured from quartz glass. The inner wall of the discharge vessel is completely covered with a passivation layer of a metal oxide of the metals Al, Hf, Y or Sc or the mixed oxides thereof, the layer having an amorphous structure and its layer thickness being 20 to 200 nm.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp (1) comprises a lamp vessel (2) having a wall (3) which is exposed to a wall load of at least 30 W/cm2 during operation of the lamp, and a discharge space (4) in which a electrodes (5a, 5b) are disposed. The discharge space (4) has a filling that comprises mercury, argon, and halides (not fluoride) of tin and indium, to which filling an alkali halide is added, the alkali being potassium, rubidium, or cesium, and the halide being chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The high-pressure discharge lamp (1) according to the invention has an improved resistance to corrosion and to crystallization of the quartz glass wall (3) because of shielding or spacer means (8) by which a direct contact between electrode rods (30) and the wall (3) of the lamp vessel (2) is counteracted.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp, such as a metal halide arc discharge lamp, has an extended life by reducing loss of the metallic portion of the fill. At least one component of the fill reacts with fused silica in the arc tube or diffuses through the arc tube walls. The fill will generally comprise a sodium halide, at least one additional metal halide, and an inert starting gas. A borosilicate glaze which is vitreous and light-transmissive is provided on the wall of the arc tube. The borosilicate glaze is comprised of a borosilicate glass containing at least one metal oxide selected from aluminum, scandium, yttrium, and the rare earth elements. The borosilicate glaze may further contain additional rare earth elements or transition metals to alter the light or energy emission of the lamp by absorbing select wave lengths. For instance, titanium, ceria, cobalt, chromium, iron or neodymium, or combinations of the foregoing, may be added.

Abstract: A high pressure mercury lamp for a projector device in which a discharge vessel made of quartz glass is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury in which both devitrification of as well as damage to the discharge vessel can be eliminated is obtained by the quartz glass of the discharge vessel being given a fictive temperature of 1000° C. to 1250° C., a total content of alkali metals of 0.1 ppm by weight to 3 ppm by weight and an aluminum content of from 1 ppm by weight to 30 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp constructed with a tubular envelope composed of single crystal sapphire in which a continuous non-flash arc is created across multiple electrodes to generate a radiation emitting plasma. The lamp may operate at higher temperatures and pressures than conventional high intensity discharge lamps to produce greater luminance at any given power input. The lamp fill may be chosen from a wide range of gases and additives to produce the desired light spectra in the range from ultraviolet through near infra-red. The effective life of the lamp may be significantly extended. The lamp may be utilized particular benefits in image projection where a small powerful light source is required to optically match increasingly smaller image generation devices. In particular, the lamp may maintain a pre-selected correlated color temperature from 4,000 to 9,000° K over the life of the lamp.

Abstract: An automotive lamp including a sealed envelope having a filament or other light emitting element contained therein, with the envelope being formed from a barium-silicate based glass that is essentially free of cadmium and that includes barium oxide in the range of 2.15%-2.25% by weight, strontium oxide in the range of 5.58%-5.82% by weight, potassium oxide in the range of 8.9%-9.3% by weight, and molybdenum oxide in the range of 0.068%-0.072% by weight. Specific amounts of other constituent components of the glass are also disclosed. The resulting lamp provides an amber color that meets applicable CIE chromaticity requirements for automotive lamps and the glass exhibits physical characteristics that are closely matched to that of lime glass, making it suitable for standard lamp manufacturing processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a long-life discharge lamp by removing the causes of lowering the service life of the discharge lamp owing to quartz glass constituting the discharge lamp and a gas sealed therein, and also provides a discharge lamp production method wherein the mixing of impurities affecting the service life of the discharge lamp is prevented. In the discharge lamp the content of hydrogen, oxygen and their compounds existing in the light-emitting portion is such that the maximum intensity of the light-emitting spectral intensities of the above impurities is {fraction (1/1000)} or less of the intensity of the main light-emitting spectrum of the noble gas when glow discharge occurs by supplying a current of 3 mA, and also the content of OH groups included in the quartz glass of the sealing portions is 5 ppm or less by weight.

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprising an arc tube containing a pair of electrodes in a light-emitting portion and an outer tube that envelops the light-emitting portion and is at least partly fused to the arc tube, wherein the outer tube comprises silicon dioxide in the range from 90 to 99.88 wt. % and boron in the range from 0.12 wt. % or more. The discharge lamp can inhibit the arc tube from deforming when the outer tube and arc tube are fused to each other by adjusting a softening temperature of the outer tube to an appropriate temperature and can realize a high accuracy of luminous intensity distribution.

Abstract: The invention relates a alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glasses having the following composition (in % by weight, based on oxide): SiO2 50-70, B2O3 0.5-15, Al2O3 10-25, MgO 0-10, CaO 0-12, SrO 0-12, BaO 0-15, with MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO 8-26, ZnO 0-10, ZrO2 0-5, TiO2 0-5, SnO2 0-2, MoO3 0.05-2. The glasses are particularly suitable as substract glasses for display and photovoltaic applications.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp, especially for optical projection systems, in one embodiment uses an anode electrode, a cathode electrode and a cylindrical envelope of single crystal (SC) sapphire. The fill may contain hydrogen, chlorine, sodium, scandium, sulfur and selenium and is under pressure exceeding 20 atmospheres. The lamp produces a continuous non-flash arc and generates a correlated color temperature between 6500 and 7000 degrees Kelvin and an efficacy exceeding 60 lumens/watt.

Abstract: In the luminescent screen of a flourescent lamp an organic europium compound is incorporated for converting mercury radiation between 350 nm and 450 nm into red light. The organic europium compound is diluted in an organic polymer. When the fluorescent lamp is dimmed its colour point shifts into the red similar to incandescent lamps and not into the blue.

Abstract: The present invention provides a DBD light sources having flat-plate, large-area panels and a system for designing such DBD light sources that withhold the mechanical stress caused during the lamp envelope cleaning (evacuation at elevated temperatures) and the pressure of final gas filling (if other than atmospheric). One or more embodiments of the present invention place mechanical stems inside of the lamp envelope which greatly reduce the mechanical stress at the sealing surface, as well as over the entire large area panel surface. In one embodiment, the stems are arranged so that they are equidistant. This design enables the mechanical stability of the lamp envelope during the cleaning (vacuum) process, as well as the filling of the lamp envelopes at other than atmospheric gas pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high pressure discharge lamp which is provided with a discharge tube containing a pair of electrodes therein and being filled with mercury, an inert gas and a halogen gas, the amount of the mercury filled being 0.12 to 0.35 mg/mm3, the halogen gas being at least one gas selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I and being present in an amount of 10?7 to 10?2 ?mol/mm3, and the electrodes being mainly composed of tungsten, and the tungsten as a material of the electrodes contains not more than 12 ppm of potassium oxide (K2O). In such a high pressure discharge lamp, blackening of the discharge tube due to the potassium oxide (K2O) contained in the tungsten, and decrease in illumination maintenance can be prevented, thus providing a high pressure discharge lamp with a long lifetime, a lighting optical apparatus using the high pressure discharge lamp as a light source, and an image display system using the lighting optical apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting geological anomalies occuring in geological formations. The instrumentation comprises a medium frequency continuous wave narrowband FM transmitter and receiver pair. Two instrument configurations are downhole instruments for insertion into boreholes. Survey procedures are provided to detect anomalies through signal attenuation, path attenuation and signal phase shift. Continuity measurements at different depths in the drillholes provide data to determine the existence of anomalies. Tomographic techniques are employed to provide a visual image of the anomaly. Computer aided reconstruction techniques provide such visual images from the generated data.